:root {
  --columbia: #b9d9eb;
  --columbia-strong: #75aadb;
  --navy: #16324f;
  --ink: #17212b;
  --muted: #5c6975;
  --line: #dce4ea;
  --soft: #f5f8fa;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --max: 1120px;
  --display: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --sans: "Source Sans 3", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

body.type-sans {
  --display: "Source Sans 3", ui-sans-serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
}

body.type-serif-sans {
  --display: "Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
  color: var(--navy);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

a:hover {
  color: #275c88;
}

a:focus-visible,
summary:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid var(--columbia-strong);
  outline-offset: 4px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.shell {
  width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--max));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: 16px;
  top: -100px;
  z-index: 1000;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: white;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  top: 12px;
}

.site-header {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--columbia);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
}

.header-inner {
  width: min(calc(100% - 48px), var(--max));
  min-height: 86px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 32px;
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.brand-name {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 1.28rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
}

.brand-affiliation {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.77rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.desktop-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(15px, 2vw, 28px);
}

.desktop-nav a {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.desktop-nav a:hover {
  color: #2c6491;
}

.mobile-nav {
  display: none;
}

.hero {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 330px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(48px, 7vw, 92px);
  padding-block: clamp(64px, 9vw, 118px);
}

.portrait-wrap {
  position: relative;
}

.portrait-wrap::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -16px 22px 22px -16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--columbia-strong);
  border-radius: 2px;
  z-index: -1;
}

.portrait {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center 20%;
  border-radius: 2px;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(25, 54, 78, 0.12);
}

.eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  color: #416a88;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2 {
  font-family: var(--display);
  color: var(--navy);
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
}

h1 {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: clamp(2.85rem, 6vw, 5.25rem);
  line-height: 0.98;
  font-weight: 700;
}

h2 {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.5vw, 3.1rem);
  line-height: 1.08;
}

h3 {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.role {
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  color: #314150;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.35rem);
  font-weight: 550;
}

.intro {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  color: #344451;
  font-size: clamp(1.08rem, 1.5vw, 1.22rem);
  line-height: 1.72;
}

.hero-links,
.section-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 14px 24px;
}

.hero-links {
  margin-bottom: 42px;
}

.hero-links a,
.section-actions a,
.publication-cta {
  font-weight: 720;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.primary-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 10px 15px;
  background: var(--navy);
  color: white;
  border: 1px solid var(--navy);
  border-radius: 3px;
}

.primary-link:hover {
  background: #244b6e;
  color: white;
}

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px 34px;
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 26px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.contact-grid div {
  min-width: 0;
}

.contact-grid dt {
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.73rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.contact-grid dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: #314150;
  font-size: 0.91rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.contact-grid a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

.section {
  padding-block: clamp(72px, 9vw, 112px);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.section-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr);
  column-gap: clamp(40px, 7vw, 100px);
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: 50px;
}

.section-heading .eyebrow {
  grid-column: 1;
}

.section-heading h2 {
  grid-column: 1;
}

.section-heading > p:last-child {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 2;
  margin: 4px 0 0;
  color: #475765;
  font-size: 1.06rem;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.section-heading.compact {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.topic-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0 52px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.topic-grid article {
  padding: 26px 0 28px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.topic-grid p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.93rem;
}

.section-actions {
  margin-top: 34px;
}

.publication-band {
  background: var(--soft);
}

.publication-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 36px;
}

.publication-inner h2 {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.publication-inner p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.publication-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  min-width: 236px;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border: 1px solid #a9bdcb;
  background: white;
  border-radius: 3px;
}

.course-list {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.course {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 26px;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 25px 4px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.course:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(185, 217, 235, 0.14), transparent);
  color: var(--ink);
}

.course-term {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.course-main {
  display: flex;
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: baseline;
}

.course-main strong {
  color: var(--navy);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.course-main span {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.arrow {
  color: #46718f;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.about-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
  gap: clamp(45px, 8vw, 110px);
}

.about-copy p {
  margin-bottom: 26px;
  color: #475765;
  font-size: 1.04rem;
}

.site-footer {
  background: var(--navy);
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.84);
}

.footer-inner {
  min-height: 160px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 36px;
}

.footer-inner > div:first-child {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.footer-inner strong {
  color: white;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
}

.footer-inner span {
  font-size: 0.84rem;
}

.footer-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 12px 24px;
}

.footer-links a {
  color: white;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  text-decoration: none;
}

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .desktop-nav {
    display: none;
  }

  .mobile-nav {
    position: relative;
    display: block;
  }

  .mobile-nav summary {
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 8px 12px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    color: var(--navy);
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    font-weight: 750;
  }

  .mobile-nav summary::-webkit-details-marker {
    display: none;
  }

  .mobile-nav nav {
    position: absolute;
    z-index: 20;
    right: 0;
    top: calc(100% + 10px);
    width: min(270px, calc(100vw - 32px));
    padding: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: white;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(18, 42, 62, 0.14);
  }

  .mobile-nav nav a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 12px;
    color: var(--ink);
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    font-weight: 650;
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(190px, 250px) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 44px;
  }

  .section-heading {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
  }

  .section-heading .eyebrow,
  .section-heading h2,
  .section-heading > p:last-child {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: auto;
  }

  .section-heading > p:last-child {
    max-width: 730px;
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .about-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  body {
    font-size: 16px;
  }

  .shell,
  .header-inner {
    width: min(calc(100% - 32px), var(--max));
  }

  .site-header {
    border-top-width: 4px;
  }

  .header-inner {
    min-height: 72px;
    gap: 18px;
  }

  .brand-name {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
  }

  .brand-affiliation {
    font-size: 0.67rem;
  }

  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 42px;
    padding-top: 48px;
  }

  .portrait-wrap {
    width: min(72vw, 310px);
    margin-inline: auto;
  }

  .portrait-wrap::before {
    inset: -10px 14px 14px -10px;
  }

  .hero-copy {
    text-align: left;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.7rem, 14vw, 4.2rem);
  }

  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 15px;
  }

  .topic-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0;
  }

  .publication-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publication-cta {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  .course {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
    gap: 6px 16px;
    padding-block: 22px;
  }

  .course-term {
    grid-column: 1;
  }

  .course-main {
    grid-column: 1;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1px;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .course-main span {
    font-size: 1.12rem;
  }

  .course .arrow {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
    align-self: center;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    min-height: 190px;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .footer-links {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
}

/* Secondary profile links */
.profile-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 7px 18px;
  margin: -18px 0 30px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
}

.profile-links > span {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.profile-links a {
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Professional/community activity */
.community-band {
  background: #fbfcfd;
}

.community-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 0.7fr) minmax(0, 1.3fr);
  gap: clamp(45px, 8vw, 110px);
}

.community-copy p {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: #475765;
  font-size: 1.04rem;
}

body.type-sans h1,
body.type-sans h2 {
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  font-weight: 700;
}

body.type-sans .brand-name,
body.type-sans .footer-inner strong,
body.type-sans .course-main span {
  font-weight: 700;
}

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .community-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 8px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .profile-links {
    margin-top: -14px;
    margin-bottom: 26px;
  }
}

/* Email rendered as an image to avoid exposing the address as plain text. */
.email-cell {
  min-height: 1.55em;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.email-image {
  display: block;
  width: min(100%, 235px);
  height: auto;
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------
   Desktop refinement (v3)
   A tighter editorial rhythm for wide browser windows while
   leaving the tablet/phone layout unchanged.
   ------------------------------------------------------------ */
@media (min-width: 921px) {
  :root {
    --max: 1080px;
  }

  body {
    font-size: 17px;
    line-height: 1.58;
  }

  .header-inner {
    min-height: 76px;
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .brand-name {
    font-size: 1.22rem;
  }

  .brand-affiliation {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.09em;
  }

  .desktop-nav {
    gap: clamp(14px, 1.6vw, 23px);
  }

  .desktop-nav a {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
  }

  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 285px) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: clamp(38px, 4.5vw, 58px);
    padding-block: 66px 70px;
  }

  .portrait-wrap::before {
    inset: -12px 17px 17px -12px;
  }

  .eyebrow {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    font-size: 0.77rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  }

  h1 {
    margin-bottom: 7px;
    font-size: clamp(3.15rem, 4.2vw, 3.85rem);
    line-height: 1.02;
  }

  h2 {
    margin-bottom: 13px;
    font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 2.35vw, 2.35rem);
    line-height: 1.12;
  }

  h3 {
    font-size: 1.04rem;
  }

  .role {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }

  .intro {
    max-width: 690px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    line-height: 1.62;
  }

  .hero-links {
    margin-bottom: 30px;
  }

  .hero-links,
  .section-actions {
    gap: 10px 21px;
  }

  .profile-links {
    margin: -9px 0 23px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }

  .profile-links > span {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .contact-grid {
    gap: 13px 30px;
    padding-top: 20px;
  }

  .contact-grid dt {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }

  .contact-grid dd {
    font-size: 0.94rem;
  }

  .section {
    padding-block: 60px;
  }

  .section-heading {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
    column-gap: clamp(32px, 4.2vw, 54px);
    margin-bottom: 34px;
  }

  .section-heading > p:last-child {
    margin-top: 2px;
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1.62;
  }

  .section-heading.compact {
    margin-bottom: 26px;
  }

  .topic-grid {
    gap: 0 36px;
  }

  .topic-grid article {
    padding: 20px 0 21px;
  }

  .topic-grid p {
    font-size: 0.96rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }

  .section-actions {
    margin-top: 25px;
  }

  .publication-inner {
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .publication-inner h2 {
    margin-bottom: 7px;
  }

  .publication-cta {
    min-width: 220px;
    padding: 13px 16px;
  }

  .course {
    grid-template-columns: 125px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 22px;
    padding: 20px 4px;
  }

  .course-term {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
  }

  .course-main span {
    font-size: 1.14rem;
  }

  .about-grid,
  .community-inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(230px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1.18fr);
    gap: clamp(32px, 4.5vw, 58px);
  }

  .about-copy p,
  .community-copy p {
    font-size: 1.01rem;
    line-height: 1.62;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    min-height: 128px;
    gap: 28px;
  }

  .footer-inner strong {
    font-size: 1.12rem;
  }

  .footer-links {
    gap: 9px 20px;
  }

  .footer-links a {
    font-size: 0.87rem;
  }
}

/* ------------------------------------------------------------
   Desktop density refinement (v4)
   Uses the horizontal dimension of desktop displays more fully,
   reduces scroll depth, and makes the hero name secondary to the
   persistent name in the site header. Tablet/phone rules remain
   unchanged.
   ------------------------------------------------------------ */
@media (min-width: 921px) {
  :root {
    --max: 1210px;
  }

  body {
    font-size: 18px;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .shell,
  .header-inner {
    width: min(calc(100% - 56px), var(--max));
  }

  .header-inner {
    min-height: 70px;
  }

  .brand-name {
    font-size: 1.24rem;
  }

  .brand-affiliation {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  .desktop-nav a {
    font-size: 0.91rem;
  }

  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 215px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 40px;
    padding-block: 38px 42px;
  }

  .portrait-wrap::before {
    inset: -9px 13px 13px -9px;
  }

  h1 {
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    font-size: clamp(2.3rem, 3vw, 2.65rem);
    line-height: 1.05;
  }

  h2 {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-size: clamp(1.65rem, 2vw, 1.95rem);
    line-height: 1.12;
  }

  h3 {
    font-size: 1.02rem;
  }

  .eyebrow {
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    font-size: 0.73rem;
  }

  .role {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    font-size: 1.08rem;
  }

  .intro {
    max-width: 850px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .hero-links {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
  }

  .hero-links,
  .section-actions {
    gap: 8px 19px;
  }

  .primary-link {
    padding: 8px 13px;
  }

  .profile-links {
    margin: -1px 0 15px;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
  }

  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1.12fr 1.18fr 0.78fr 1.62fr;
    gap: 10px 24px;
    padding-top: 13px;
  }

  .contact-grid dt {
    font-size: 0.71rem;
  }

  .contact-grid dd {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }

  .email-image {
    width: min(100%, 205px);
  }

  .section {
    padding-block: 38px;
  }

  .section-heading {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(190px, 0.62fr) minmax(0, 1.38fr);
    column-gap: 38px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
  }

  .section-heading > p:last-child {
    max-width: 850px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .section-heading.compact {
    margin-bottom: 18px;
  }

  .topic-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0 26px;
  }

  .topic-grid article {
    padding: 16px 0 5px;
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .topic-grid p {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.42;
  }

  .section-actions {
    margin-top: 18px;
  }

  .publication-band {
    padding-block: 28px;
  }

  .publication-inner {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 24px;
  }

  .publication-inner h2 {
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    font-size: 1.65rem;
  }

  .publication-inner p:last-child {
    font-size: 0.94rem;
  }

  .publication-cta {
    min-width: 205px;
    padding: 11px 14px;
    font-size: 0.94rem;
  }

  .course-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0 28px;
  }

  .course {
    grid-template-columns: 88px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 15px;
    padding: 16px 3px;
  }

  .course-term {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  .course-main {
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .course-main strong {
    font-size: 0.86rem;
  }

  .course-main span {
    font-size: 1.03rem;
  }

  .community-inner,
  .about-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(250px, 0.52fr) minmax(0, 1.48fr);
    gap: 38px;
  }

  .community-copy p,
  .about-copy p {
    max-width: 880px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    line-height: 1.48;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    min-height: 94px;
  }

  .footer-inner strong {
    font-size: 1.04rem;
  }

  .footer-inner span,
  .footer-links a {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }
}


/* ------------------------------------------------------------
   Desktop density refinement (v5)
   A compact academic-document rhythm: larger body text relative
   to whitespace, shorter sections, and no low-information topic
   cards. Mobile/tablet behavior is intentionally unchanged.
   ------------------------------------------------------------ */
@media (min-width: 921px) {
  :root { --max: 1230px; }

  .header-inner { min-height: 64px; }

  .hero {
    grid-template-columns: 190px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 32px;
    padding-block: 26px 28px;
  }

  .portrait-wrap::before { inset: -7px 10px 10px -7px; }

  h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.05rem, 2.5vw, 2.35rem);
    margin-bottom: 2px;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 1.7vw, 1.72rem);
    margin-bottom: 7px;
  }

  .role {
    margin-bottom: 9px;
    font-size: 1.04rem;
  }

  .intro {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-size: 1.04rem;
    line-height: 1.46;
  }

  .hero-links { margin-bottom: 10px; }
  .profile-links { margin: 0 0 10px; }

  .contact-grid {
    padding-top: 10px;
    gap: 7px 22px;
  }

  .contact-grid dd { font-size: 0.92rem; }

  .section { padding-block: 24px; }

  .section-heading {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(205px, 0.55fr) minmax(0, 1.45fr);
    column-gap: 32px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
  }

  .section-heading > p:last-child {
    max-width: 930px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.46;
  }

  .section-heading.compact { margin-bottom: 11px; }
  .section-actions { margin-top: 10px; }

  .publication-band { padding-block: 18px; }
  .publication-inner h2 { font-size: 1.45rem; }
  .publication-inner p:last-child { font-size: 0.92rem; }
  .publication-cta { padding: 9px 13px; }

  #teaching.section { padding-block: 22px 20px; }
  .course { padding: 12px 3px; }

  .community-inner,
  .about-grid {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(235px, 0.48fr) minmax(0, 1.52fr);
    gap: 32px;
  }

  .community-copy p,
  .about-copy p {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.44;
  }

  .site-footer .footer-inner { min-height: 76px; }
}

/* Biographical sketch page */
.bio-main {
  padding-block: 42px 58px;
}

.bio-header {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.bio-header h1 {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 4rem);
}

.bio-header p:last-child {
  max-width: 760px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.06rem;
}

.bio-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 220px;
  gap: 54px;
  align-items: start;
}

.bio-copy {
  max-width: 880px;
}

.bio-copy p {
  margin-bottom: 1.05em;
  color: #344451;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
}

.bio-copy a { font-weight: 600; }

.bio-aside {
  position: sticky;
  top: 24px;
}

.bio-aside img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.bio-aside-links {
  display: grid;
  gap: 7px;
  padding-top: 14px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.bio-aside-links a {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 650;
  text-decoration: none;
}

@media (min-width: 921px) {
  .bio-main { padding-block: 26px 34px; }
  .bio-header { margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .bio-header h1 { font-size: 2.25rem; }
  .bio-header p:last-child { font-size: 1rem; }
  .bio-layout {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 180px;
    gap: 36px;
  }
  .bio-copy p {
    margin-bottom: 0.78em;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .bio-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; }
  .bio-aside { position: static; width: min(64vw, 260px); }
}


/* Research copy is kept in the right-hand column on desktop. */
.research-copy p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: #475765;
}

@media (min-width: 921px) {
  .research-copy {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1 / span 2;
    padding-top: 1px;
  }
  .research-copy p {
    max-width: 930px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.46;
  }
  .research-copy .section-actions { margin-top: 8px; }
}

@media (max-width: 920px) {
  .research-copy {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: auto;
  }
  .research-copy p {
    max-width: 730px;
    font-size: 1.06rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
  }
}


/* ------------------------------------------------------------
   v6 content consolidation
   Biography moves into the hero; Research contains the current
   research description; the former About section is removed.
   ------------------------------------------------------------ */
.hero-bio-actions {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.teaching-intro {
  max-width: 980px;
  margin: 0 0 14px;
  color: #475765;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.48;
}

.teaching-intro a {
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
}

@media (min-width: 921px) {
  .hero { padding-block: 23px 24px; }
  .intro { max-width: 910px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
  .hero-bio-actions { margin: 0 0 8px; }
  .profile-links { margin-bottom: 8px; }
  #research.section { padding-block: 21px; }
  #teaching.section { padding-block: 19px 18px; }
  .teaching-intro { margin-bottom: 9px; }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .hero-bio-actions { margin-bottom: 18px; }
  .teaching-intro {
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
  }
}