@ARTICLE{Poll30:Uber1,
AUTHOR="F. Pollaczek",
TITLE="Über eine Aufgabe der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie",
JOURNAL="Mathematische Zeitung",
VOLUME=32,
PAGES="64-100",
YEAR=1930,
LANGUAGE="German",
REFERENCES=2,
KEYWORDS="M/D/N; M/G/N; waiting time",
}

@ARTICLE{Poll30:Uber2,
AUTHOR="F. Pollaczek",
TITLE="Über eine Aufgabe der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie {II}",
JOURNAL="Mathematische Zeitung",
VOLUME=32,
PAGES="729-750",
YEAR=1930,
LANGUAGE="German",
REFERENCES=1,
KEYWORDS="M/D/N; M/G/N; waiting time",
ABSTRACT="By applying function theory methods in part II formulae for
the waiting time distribution of queueing system M/D/S resp. M/G/S are
developed.",
}

@ARTICLE{Poll30:Druckfehlerverzeichnis,
AUTHOR="F. Pollaczek",
TITLE="Druckfehlerverzeichnis",
JOURNAL="Mathematische Zeitschrift",
VOLUME=32,
PAGES=796,
YEAR=1930,
LANGUAGE="German",
}

@ARTICLE{Gher3001:Telephone,
AUTHOR="Bancroft Gherardi and F. B. Jewett",
TITLE="Telephone Communication System of the United States",
JOURNAL=bstj,
VOLUME=9,
NUMBER=1,
PAGES="1--100",
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=1930,
KEYWORDS="telephone; statistics",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents the results which have been obtained up to
the present time in developing telephone communications in the United
States of America, this development having been worked out in a form to
meet the particular conditions which present themselves in that country.
The paper first deals with a brief description of the general structure
and organization of the telephone communication system giving the
organization of the Bell System which handles the greater part of the
telephone service of the country and the reasons for and advantages of
this organization. In this connection, some figures are presented with
respect to the technical personnel who are continuously engaged in
studies to develop the art and to provide new methods and facilities for
improving the service. Local service, that is service within the limits
of a single telephone exchange area, is next discussed. Figures are
given with respect to the volume of telephone calls handled in the Bell
System, the speed with which the connections for these calls are
completed and the operating force required. Reference is also made to
the standards of transmission given and the various problems encountered
in meeting these standards. Figures are given with respect to station
growth, to the increased efficiency of station apparatus and to the
improvement in types of instruments. Various types of private branch
exchanges provided to meet the needs of customers using a large amount
of telephone service are discussed. The cable plant is considered mainly
from the construction viewpoint and typical illustrations are given of
some of the construction practices. The various types of central office
switching systems in common use are described, including magneto, common
battery and dial systems, the latter including both the step-by-step and
panel systems which are being provided in increasing amounts in the Bell
System. The subject of buildings to house these various equipments as
well as the operating forces and headquarters staffs in many cases is
briefly described, also standardized layout and floor plans. The problem
of giving phone service in the rural communities, which is a very
important one in the telephone development in the United States, is also
briefly treated. The toll service is considered, first with respect to
the shorter haul toll business and the problems involved and then with
respect to the long distance toll service. Figures are given showing the
speed of service and amount of traffic handled. For the short distance
toll service, two important methods of handling the business are
described, namely manual straightforward tandem and dial tandem. The
long distance service, which has developed most rapidly in recent years,
is described in some detail in the paper. Among the important features
of this service is noted the recently developed method of completing
toll calls with sufficient speed so that on most calls the calling
subscriber remains on the telephone. The various types of toll circuits
are described including open wire circuits operated at both voice
frequencies and by carrier systems and long toll cable circuits. The
operation of these long circuits requires a large number of repeaters in
tandem and the design and maintenance problems which this arrangement
requires are pointed out in the paper.",
ANNOTE="Call setup time in 1923 was 4 minutes, in 1928 it had dropped to
1.2 minutes. Cost of a daytime call of 700 miles in 1929 was
\$1.95/minute, with a multiplier of 9.52 for 1998-equivalent prices.",
}