@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Al0000:Enhancing,
AUTHOR="Hussein {A. Al Bazar}",
TITLE="Enhancing E-mail Performance using New {SMTP,} {POP3} Architecture",
BOOKTITLE="Mosharaka International Conference on Communications, Propagation and
Electronics",
ADDRESS="Amman, Jordan",
DAYS=6,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="E-mail server, SMTP, POP3, Latency, Client/server.",
ABSTRACT="E-mail system has become the most popular computer based method used to
send and receive E-mail messages over the internet networking. The most
important point in E-mail system processes is to send and retrieve the
E-mail message in the best delivery time without any delay or latency. SMTP
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is the E-mail transport protocol used to
transfer E-mail messages from/to the E-mail server, and is used to transfer
messages between the local hosts in the local network. POP3 (Post Office
Protocol) is an E-mail protocol used to retrieve the E-mail messages from
the E-mail server to the E-mail client. One of the most important issues is
the E-mail server performance during the sending and retrieving process. In
this paper, we will explain and show the latency locations in SMTP and POP3
protocols which occurs during the E-mail messages sending and retrieving
process. We also proposed new client/server architecture to improve the
current protocols standard to enhance the E-mail server performance and to
reduce the latency in delivery and retrieve time."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Ja0911:Instrument,
AUTHOR="Siti Zura {A. Jalil} and Mohd Nasir Taib and  {Hasnain Abdullah (at) Idris}
and Mohd Yunus {Mohd Abdul Karim}",
TITLE="Instrument System Setup For Human Radiation Waves Measurement",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="human radiation wave; electromagnetic wave; frequency",
ABSTRACT="In recent years, there has been increasing concern about scientific
investigations of the endogenous electromagnetic fields generated by and
contained in the human body. The purpose of the research is to investigate
the appropriate instrument setup for measurement of human radiation waves.
The human radiation frequency is measured using very sensitive body
radiation wave detector. The frequency data is analyzed using statistical
analysis method of SPSS. The appropriate antenna length and distance of
frequency measurement for human radiation wave is established."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Ma0903:Microstrip,
AUTHOR="Huda {A. Majid} and Mohamad Kamal {A Rahim} and Thelaha Masri",
TITLE="Microstrip Antenna Incorporated with {Left-Handed} Metamaterial at {2.7}
{GHz}",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology - Small Antennas and
Novel Metamaterials",
ADDRESS="Santa Monica, California, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="metamaterial; microstrip patch antenna; modified square rectangular split
ring; capacitance loaded strip",
ABSTRACT="The scope of this project was to design and simulate left-handed
metamaterial structure incorporated with a single microstrip patch antenna
at 2.7 GHz. The combination of the modified square rectangular split ring
(SRR) and the capacitance loaded strip (CLS) was used to obtain the
negative value of permeability, μ and the negative permittivity, ε. From
the simulation and fabrication done, the gain of the antenna has been
increased up to 4 dB. This had proven that the LH MTM can enhance the gain
of the antenna."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Mi0907:Application,
AUTHOR="Fereidoun {A. Mianji} and Ye Zhang and Asad Babakhani and Homayun {Karim
Sulehria}",
TITLE="Application of Hopfield Neural Networks in Target Recognition Through
Mathematical Morphology",
BOOKTITLE="Second International workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization",
ADDRESS="Klagenfurt, Austria",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Remote sensing; target recognition; Hopfield neural network; mathematical
morphology; feature extraction",
ABSTRACT="In this paper an enhancement in target recognition in remote sensing
applications using artificial neural network is described. It is proposed
how, by using a Hopfield neural network (HNN), more accurate measures of
land targets can be obtained compared with those determined using the
proportion image processing alone. It is based on applying mathematical
morphology to extract the candidate objects followed by implementing the
HNN on extracted features to recognize the object using stored templates. 
Results suggest that HNN is a useful tool for target recognition from
remotely sensed imagery."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Mi0907:Framework,
AUTHOR="Fereidoun {A. Mianji} and Ye Zhang and Asad Babakhani",
TITLE="A framework for method selection in resolution enhancement of hyperspectral
imagery",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="hyperspectral imagery; joint processing method; learning-based method;
resolution enhancement; spectral mixture analysis; super-resolution mapping",
ABSTRACT="1. Introduction

Hyperspectral (HS) imagery in remote sensing is a technique for gathering
information of the objects on the ground in a wide range of wavelength
bands. To enhance the resolution of HS images, super-resolution (SR)
algorithms attempt to extract high resolution (HR) image corrupted by the
limitations of the optical imaging system. In inverse problems like this,
the source of information, i.e. HR image, is estimated from the observed
data, e.g. low resolution (LR) image or images. This paper provides a
framework for method selection in spatial resolution enhancement of HS
imagery based on a comprehensive comparison of the main existing classes of
approaches.

2. Materials and Methods

In this paper, main areas of research in spatial resolution enhancement of
HS images are outlined. A variety of recent studies are categorized based
on the theme of the approach. It covers technical aspects of different
techniques, introduces their proposed applications and finally highlights
the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. Introduced classes
include: joint processing method (JPM), spectral mixture analysis (SMA),
super-resolution mapping (SRM), and spatial-spectral joining method (SSJ).
By this means, the most important factors in selection of a proper
algorithm for SR of HS images with respect to the expected application are
suggested.

3. Results and discussion

It is shown that depending on the available sources of information and the
expected application, a specific method can be chosen. When a proper HR
panchromatic image or multiple HS images are available in an application,
maybe the JPM based algorithms are the optimum approach provided that a
real time imaging system is not needed. Furthermore, JPM is computationally
complex and inadequate for automatic detection purposes.
SMA overcomes the obstacle of being dependent on multiple image sources
through exploiting the spectral information of the HS image and is a fast
and acceptable method in many object recognition and material analysis
applications but it is limited in accuracy and unable in defining the
spatial dependence of the components.
SRM combines the abilities of the SMA and some powerful tools like Hopfield
neural network (HNN) to exploit spatial dependence of the components in HS
images. SRM usually suffers from high computational cost but has found its
application in high resolution HS imaging.
The last introduced method is SSJ which integrates the spatial–spectral
information of HS images using tools such as back-propagation neural
network (BPNN). It needs no a priori knowledge of landcovers and in terms
of consuming time, it is very fast. SSJ is good in real time target
recognition and tracking applications.

4. Conclusion

This study shows that there is no unique algorithm to response the
requirements of resolution enhancement of HS imaging. The paper develops a
framework for method selection in SR of HS through precisely considering
the applications, requirements, achievements and limitations of each
method. The main factors for such an evaluation include, access to
multisource information, computational complexity, availability of reliable
training data for learning-based methods, efficiency of the algorithm, and
the purpose of application."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Mi0907:Resolution,
AUTHOR="Fereidoun {A. Mianji} and Ye Zhang and Asad Babakhani",
TITLE="Resolution enhancement of hyperspectral images using a learning-based
superresolution mapping technique",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="fractional image; hyperspectral image; neural networks; resolution
enhancement; spectral mixture analysis; spectral unmixing; superresolution
mapping",
ABSTRACT="1. Introduction

     Hyperspectal (HS) imaging is a technique to measure the radiance of
the materials within each pixel area at a very large number of contiguous
spectral wavelength bands. There are many factors such as imperfect imaging
optics and atmospheric scattering that degrade the acquired image quality.
To improve the spatial resolution of HS images, we can make use of
superresolution techniques. A variety of algorithms for spatial resolution
enhancement of HS images is proposed in last decade, including joint
processing technique, Spectral mixture analysis, and superresolution
mapping (SRM) technique. Regarding the main limitations of these
approaches, namely, need to secondary high resolution source of data or
high computational cost, a new algorithm for spatial resolution enhancement
of HS images using a learning-based SRM technique is proposed in this
article.

2- Material and methods

2.1 The framework of the experiment     
     First the linear spectral unmixing is applied on the HS image to
extract the spatial-spectral information of the landcovers. This is carried
out based on the developed Linear mixture model (LMM) and fully constraint
least squares (FCLS) algorithm. The result of this step is fractional
images of the scene which provides us with the both spatial and spectral
information of the landcovers. The endmember extraction process needs no a
priori knowledge of the landcovers. The second step is the application of
the superresolution algorithm based on the proposed SRM technique. This
step establishes a relation between the abundances of endmembers in each
pixel and the abundances of the same endmembers in the neighboring pixels.

2.2 Data
     The training data and the test image are two remotely sensed HS images
which are collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging spectrometer
(AVIRIS-II). The training data is an AVIRIS-II HS data which is subjected
to removal of the water absorption regions, low SNR and bad bands. After
these corrections, 200 available bands from original data remain in the
0.4–2.5 μm wavelength range. A hard classification map (ground truth
map) is available for this data. As the test data, another AVIRIS-II data
is chosen. After the same corrections, 126 available bands from original
data remain in the 0.4–1.8 μm wavelength range. 
 
2.3 Validation of the results
     The reference data for necessary quantitative assessment include the
high resolution (HR) fractional images resulted of original images. Two
measures are adopted for assessing the effectiveness of the method, namely,
root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC).

3- Results

After down-sampling all the necessary bands by the nearest neighboring
filter, it is fed to the linear spectral unmixing program of the algorithm.
The outputs of this process are the low resolution (LR) fractional images.
On the other hand, the original test data is directly inputted to the
linear spectral unmixing process to yield the HR abundances (fractional
images) as the standard image for validation of the algorithm. The LR
fractional images are inputted to the SRM algorithm and the spatially
enhanced results are compared to the standard images through the RMSE and
CC. Enhancement in the resolution of the images especially on the edges is
achieved.

4- Conclusion

    A new method for spatial resolution enhancement of HS data is proposed
in this paper. The key elements of the method include SMA and SRM. SMA is
used for endmember extraction of the HS data through a linear model for
spectral unmixing. The analysis of the results validates the effectiveness
of the method and approves its performance. Furthermore, the technique is
independent of the secondary high resolution sources of data and needs no a
priori information about the landcovers of the HS test image."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Mi0907:Resolution,
AUTHOR="Fereidoun {A. Mianji} and Ye Zhang and Asad Babakhani",
TITLE="Resolution Enhancement of Hyperspectral Imagery Through {Spatial-Spectral}
Data Fusion",
BOOKTITLE="Second International workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization",
ADDRESS="Klagenfurt, Austria",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="fractional image; hyperspectral imagery; resolution enhancement; spectral
mixture analysis; spectral unmixing; super-resolution mapping",
ABSTRACT="Spatial resolution is one of the most expensive and hardest to improve in
imaging systems. An efficient spatial-spectral data fusion method for
superresolution of hyperspectral (HS) imagery through exploiting the
spatial correlation of the endmembers using a superresolution mapping (SRM)
technique is proposed in this paper. Endmember abundances (fractional
images) obtained using linear mixture model and fully constrained least
squares spectral unmixing algorithm, are processed using a spatial-spectral
information correlation model and a learning-based SRM technique. The key
element of the proposed technique is adopting a spatial-spectral
correlation model through a learning based SRM algorithm to efficiently
exploit the spatial dependence of the endmembers within any pixel of the HS
data. The obtained results validate the reliability of the technique. The
proposed method is independent of any high resolution secondary source of
data and is low in terms of computational cost which makes it favorable for
real-time applications."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Mi0907:Spatial,
AUTHOR="Fereidoun {A. Mianji} and Ye Zhang and Asad Babakhani",
TITLE="Spatial-spectral fusion for resolution enhancement of hyperspectral imagery",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="fractional image; hyperspectral imagery; resolution enhancement; spectral
mixture analysis; spectral unmixing; super-resolution mapping",
ABSTRACT="1. Introduction

     Hyperspectal (HS) imaging sensors measure the radiance of the
materials at a very large number of contiguous spectral wavelength bands,
however, technological constraints seriously limit the resolution and areas
of the spectrum which can be measured at the same time. The limitations of
the previously proposed approaches, i.e. the need for supplementary source
of information and high computational cost, have been the motivation of the
proposed fast spatial-spectral fusion method. 

2- Materials and methods

2.1	Experimental design
     The original images are used as high resolution (HR) standard data;
they are inputted to the linear spectral unmixing stage to obtain the HR
fractional image. HR fractional images resulted of this process are the
reference images for the algorithm. On the other hand, original data are
down-sampled by nearest neighboring filter in every band. The down-sampled
images which have the role of low resolution (LR) data in the algorithm,
are inputted to the linear spectral unmixing program to result the LR
fractional images. After obtaining both the LR and reference (original)
fractional images, the superresolution mapping (SRM) algorithm designed
based on image domain techniques is applied on the LR fractional images to
realize the resolution enhancement of the algorithm. It exploits the
spatial and spectral information of the LR images and outputs the spatially
enhanced data. Finally to validate the results, a quantitative assessment
is carried out on the outputs of the SRM by means of measuring the
correlation coefficient (CC) and the root mean square error (RMSE).

2.2	Data
     To determine the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, some simulated
images and also some real test HS images are chosen for experiment. Two
simulated images are chosen for this experiment, namely, circle and cross.
Experiment on these simulated images makes the understanding of the
technique easier and provides us with an evaluation of the overall
performance of the proposed SRM technique in supervised domain. The test
images in the experiment include two remotely sensed HS images which were
collected by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging spectrometer
(AVIRIS-II), namely Dataset-I and dataset-II. A hard classification map
(ground truth map) is available for Dataset-I.

2.3 Quantitative assessment
     Two measures are adopted for quantitative assessment of the results,
namely, root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (CC). The
high resolution fractional images resulted of original images are used as
the reference data in this evaluation.

3. Experiments and results

      Experiment are carried out on all simulated data and test data
according 2.1 above (spectral unmixing step is not necessary for simulated
images and Dataset-Ibecause the fractional images are available for them).
Results on simulated images and Dataset-I show a very good performance in
supervised domain and results on Dataset-II show a good performance for
unsupervised domain.

4. Conclusion

The necessary experiments are carried out on the real HS data without any a
priori information about the landcovers. The analysis of the results
validates the effectiveness and good performance of the method. The main
advantages of the proposed technique are as follows:
1-	It doesn’t need any secondary HR source of information.
2-	There is no need to a priori information about the test HS image.
3-	It is very fast so as makes it a proper choice for real-time
applications such as target recognition and tracking and applications which
are limited to the low cost computers."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Mi0907:Superresolution,
AUTHOR="Fereidoun {A. Mianji} and Ye Zhang and Asad Babakhani",
TITLE="Superresolution of Hyperspectral Images Using Back-propagation Neural
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Second International workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics and Synchronization",
ADDRESS="Klagenfurt, Austria",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="fractional image, hyperspectral imagery, resolution enhancement, spectral
mixture analysis, spectral unmixing, super-resolution mapping",
ABSTRACT="Hyperspectral technology has introduced a new perspective in remote sensing
applications but suffers from low spatial resolution. A new
spatial-spectral data fusion technique based on spectral mixture analysis
and super-resolution mapping for spatial resolution enhancement of
hyperspectral imagery is proposed in this paper. To this end a linear
mixture model and a fully constrained least squares based unmixing
algorithm are applied for spectral unmixing of the hyperspectral imagery
and the resulted fractional images are processed based on a
spatial-spectral information correlation model through a super-resolution
mapping technique. To validate the performance of the method, experiments
are carried out on real images. The obtained results validate the
effectiveness of the method. It doesn’t need any a priori information of
the scene or secondary high resolution source of data, and is low in terms
of computational cost."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Mi0907:Target,
AUTHOR="Fereidoun {A. Mianji} and Ye Zhang and Asad Babakhani",
TITLE="Target Recognition Enhancement Using Mathematical Morphology with Hopfield
Neural Network",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Remote sensing; Target recognition; Hopfield neural network; Mathematical
morphology; Feature extraction",
ABSTRACT="1. Introduction

Many applications involve remotely detection of objects such as species of
plants on the ground or military vehicles. In this paper morphological
processing is combined with Hopfield neural network (HNN) ability for
target recognition in remotely sensed images. Over the last forty years,
neural networks have become an integral tool in analysis and processing of
the large amount of data produced by sensing platforms. Many types of
neural network models exist, but in this paper Amari-Hopfield model is
used. HNN is a single-layer, non-linear, autoassociative, discrete or
continuous-time network that is easier to implement in hardware.
This approach focuses on some salient properties of remotely sensed images
such as their brightness, symmetry, angles, etc. Due to these features,
this method could be used to detect the similar properties in a certain
image and locate the position of the desired objects. In this paper
morphological processing is combined with HNN ability for target
recognition in remotely sensed images.

2. Materials and methods

The algorithm includes selection of region of interest (ROI), image
enhancement, morphological processing, feature extraction, and HNN
processing. Mathematical morphology (MM) is used as a tool for extracting
image components that are useful in the representation and description of
region shape, such as boundaries, skeletons, and the convex hull.
In the process, a remotely sensed image is fed to the system and it is
converted to sub-images. These sub-images undergo image enhancement methods
to modify contrast, reduce blurring if any. Morphological processing is
applied to the resulting images after image enhancement, thus the desired
features can be marked and extracted from the images. The features detected
are fed to an HNN network, where template matching is performed to detect
and recognize the objects.

3. Results and discussion

Some experiments were conducted using simulations for testing of the
proposed technique. The process can be divided into two parts, that is,
first the image segmentation and feature extraction were performed using
techniques using methods described above. The main processing was done by
applying MM. After feature extraction, the images are inputted to the HNN
to recognize the targets using image matching. The number of chosen
patterns for this task were four orthogonal directions in vertical and
horizontal directions, also to cover for the inclination of some targets,
the other four orthogonal directions have an offset of 45 degree from the
other four patterns. Experiments showed that the recognition performance of
the system was more than 80\%.

4. Conclusions

In neural networks, HNN is a class that is most commonly used for
optimization and object completion applications and MM is a relatively
recent development for image processing, in which we can perform operations
based on shape of objects, as it depends upon a structuring element.The
developed hybrid system through combination of MM for feature extraction
and HNN for template matching, gives acceptable results. This HNN system is
much better at recognizing a figure that has had considerable noise applied
to it than it is at discerning a hand-drawn shape."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Ra0903:Slotted,
AUTHOR="Mohamad Kamal {A. Rahim} and Osman Ayop and Thelaha Masri and Maisarah Abu",
TITLE="Slotted Patch Dual Band Electromagnetic band gap structure design",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="2618-2621",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper describes a comparison between slotted patch EBG structure and
mushroom EBG structure. The performance has been made based on forward
transmission coefficient, S21. One band gap frequency has been noticed for
mushroom EBG while two band gap have been noticed for slotted EBG
structure."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Ra0912:Information,
AUTHOR="Rozeha {A. Rashid} and Norazizah {Mohd Aripin} and Norsheila Fisal",
TITLE="Information Theoretic Analysis of Cooperative Relay in Cognitive Radio",
BOOKTITLE="First UK-India International Workshop on Cognitive Wireless Systems",
ADDRESS="IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Cooperative Relay, Cognitive Radio, Cooperative Transmission, Capacity",
ABSTRACT="Motivated by the inefficient usage of the licensed spectrum across many
frequency bands, cognitive radio (CR) was proposed to promote the spectrum
utilization by opportunistically exploiting the existence of spectrum
“holes.” Under this new paradigm, cognitive (unlicensed) user is
allowed unobtrusive access to a channel exhibiting negligible primary
(licensed) user activity. Cooperative communication is increasingly
regarded as a way to address hidden terminal issues and to improve spatial
diversity for the same spectrum frequency band. In this paper, we
investigate two scenarios of cooperation: cooperative transmission of
primary traffic by cognitive users (cognitive relaying) and cooperative
transmission between cognitive nodes. The first scenario focuses on one
cognitive transmitter which has the option to relay traffic of the primary
assuming that the primary is oblivious to its presence and thus exclude the
possibility of spectrum leasing. While the latter investigates a
spectrum-rich node that is selected as the relay node to improve the
performance between the source and the destination. To demonstrate the
feasibility and performance of cooperative relay for cognitive radio,
numerical results are provided in order to discuss the advantages and
limits of the two strategies."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Ra0912:Inner,
AUTHOR="Rozeha {A. Rashid} and Norazizah {Mohd Aripin}",
TITLE="Inner Bound Capacity Analysis of Cooperative Relay in Cognitive Radio Using
Information Theoretic Approach",
BOOKTITLE="9th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Cooperative Relay, Cognitive Radio, Cooperative Transmission, Capacity",
ABSTRACT="Motivated by the inefficient usage of the licensed spectrum across many
frequency bands, cognitive radio (CR) was proposed to promote the spectrum
utilization by opportunistically exploiting the existence of spectrum
“holes.” Under this new paradigm, cognitive (unlicensed) user is
allowed unobtrusive access to a channel exhibiting negligible primary
(licensed) user activity. Cooperative communication is increasingly
regarded as a way to address hidden terminal issues and to improve spatial
diversity for the same spectrum frequency band. In this paper, we
investigate a cooperative transmission of primary traffic by cognitive
users (cognitive relaying). The scenario focuses on one cognitive
transmitter which has the option to relay traffic of the primary assuming
that the primary is oblivious to its presence and thus exclude the
possibility of spectrum leasing. To demonstrate the feasibility and
performance of this cooperative relay for CR, numerical analysis based on
information theoretic approach is used in order to discuss the advantage
and capacity limits of the strategy."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A.Te0910:Polling,
AUTHOR="Marcio {A. Teixeira} and Paulo Guardieiro",
TITLE="Polling Adaptive Management and Scheduler Packets for Uplink Traffic at the
{IEEE} {802.16} Network",
BOOKTITLE="Second IEEE International Workshop on Selected Topics in Mobile and
Wireless Computing",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="IEEE 802.16, Quality of Service, Scheduling, WiMAX.",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, a scheduling algorithm for uplink traffic in IEEE 802.16
networks is proposed. This algorithm works with the management polling
mechanism of BS, and controls the periodicity of sending polling for the
rtPS and nrtPS services in accordance with the Quality of Service of the
applications. The proposed algorithm is based on the Earliest Deadline
First scheduling policy. Its evaluation by mean of modeling and simulation,
in scenarios that consider changes in the transmission rate of the SSs,
showed satisfactory results."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{A0000:Using,
AUTHOR="Vibhav Bukkapatanam and Antony Franklin A and Siva Ram Murthy",
TITLE="Using Partially Overlapped Channels for {End-to-End} Flow Allocation and
Channel Assignment in Wireless Mesh Networks",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Wireless Networking",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Channel assignment; end-to-end flow allocation; IEEE 802.11; partially
overlapped channels; MILP; wireless mesh networks.",
ABSTRACT="The performance of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) can be improved
significantly with the increase in number of channels and radios. Despite
the availability of multiple channels in several of the current wireless
standards, only a few of them are non-overlapping and many channels are
partially overlapped. In this paper, we formulate the joint channel
assignment and flow allocation problem for Multi-Channel Multi-Radio WMNs
as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). Unlike most of the previous
studies, we consider the case of using both non-overlapped and partially
overlapped channels. We consider an objective of maximizing aggregate
end-to-end throughput and minimizing queueing delay in the network, instead
of the sum of link capacities, since the traffic characteristics of a
multihop WMN are quite different from a single hop wireless network. Our
formulation takes into consideration several important network parameters
such as the transmission power of each node, path loss information, signal
to interference plus noise ratio at a node, and frequency response of the
filters used in the transmitter and receiver. We show by simulations that
our MILP formulation makes efficient use of the spectrum, by providing
superior channel assignments and flow allocations with the addition of
partially overlapped channels, without the use of any additional spectrum."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AAlA0912:Using,
AUTHOR="Abdulrahman {AAl Abdulsalam}",
TITLE="Using Model Checking Tool for Teaching Concurrent Programming Concepts",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology",
ADDRESS="Al-Ain, UAE",
PAGES="215-219",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="concurrent programming; model checking; computer science education",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents a tool that can be used to simulate a
system of concurrent processes which communicate through
shared variables. Mechanisms for defining nondeterminism,
atomic actions and process synchronization are supported.
In addition, it includes a prototype for verifying basic
safety properties such as mutual exclusion and absence
of deadlocks using model checking technique. The aim is
to provide teachers and students with a simple framework
where concurrency concepts can be examined and grasped
easily in an abstract and pure environment away from the
complexities and sophistication of conventional programming
environments."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aalo0903:Performance,
AUTHOR="Valentine Aalo and George Efthymoglou",
TITLE="Performance Analysis of Generalized Handover Model for Cellular Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Sarnoff Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Princeton , NJ, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Handover model, call completion probability, cell dwell time, call holding
time",
ABSTRACT="In this paper we analyze the call completion performance of a generalized
handoff model for the cellular network.  The proposed model allows more
than one failed handover attempts before a call can be dropped; and results
in a significant reduction in the call dropping probability. The analysis
uses the negative binomial compound sum approach to closely approximate the
distribution of the random sum of the cell dwell times for a complete call
by a weighted sum of Erlang distributions.  Furthermore, the analysis
considers the effect of unreliable physical link. The final expressions for
the required performance metrics are given in terms of the moment
generating function of the call holding time distribution."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aalo0909:Decision,
AUTHOR="Valentine Aalo and George Efthymoglou",
TITLE="Decision Fusion Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks Operating ia a
Nakagami-m Fading Channel",
BOOKTITLE="The 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications",
ADDRESS="Tokyo, Japan",
PAGES="2720-2724",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Nakagami fading channel; Wireless sensor networks; Decision fusion rules",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we study the performance of a wireless sensor network (WSN)
in which a number of independent geographically distributed local sensors
transmit hard decisions to a fusion center.  We assume that the
transmission channel is unreliable due to the presence of channel fading
and noise.  In particular, for a Nakagami-m fading environment, we consider
two optimum fusion rules based on the likelihood ratio; one that relies on
instantaneous channel state information and another that uses only the
channel fading statistics.   Since the optimum likelihood ratio based
fusion rules are quite complex and their performances difficult to evaluate
in practice, we also consider some suboptimum fusion rules which are very
easy to implement and whose performances are not substantially worse than
those of the optimum fusion rules.  Numerical results presented show that
the Nakagami fading parameter has a significant effect on the performances
of these well known fusion rules."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aazo0912:Schottky,
AUTHOR="Safae Aazou and El Mahdi Assaid",
TITLE="Schottky Diode Parameters Extraction Using Two Different Methods",
BOOKTITLE="21th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM 2009)",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
PAGES="240-243",
DAYS=19,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Schottky diode; Shottky barrier; Parasitic series resistance; Parasitic
shunt resistance; Physical parameters extraction; LambertW function.",
ABSTRACT="In the present study, we determine exact analytical
expression of the current flow through a Schottky barrier diode
as a function of the input voltage. The Schottky diode is modeled
by an electronic circuit containing four physical parameters: a
series resistance Rs, a shunt resistance Rsh, a Schottky diode
reverse saturation current Is and a Schottky diode ideality factor eta.
Firstly, we solve the characteristic equation and determine the
analytical expression of the input current I as a function of
the input voltage V of the Schottky diode using the LambertW
Function. Secondly, We present two different methods to extract
the four physical parameters appearing in the electronic circuit.
These methods are applied for two junctions: Iridium-Silicon
Carbide Schottky barrier diode at 200K and Gold-Gallium
Arsenide at 300K. Finally, we compare the results obtained via
the two methods presented."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abab0000:Achieving,
AUTHOR="Cristinel Ababei and Rajendra Katti",
TITLE="Achieving Network on Chip Fault Tolerance by Adaptive Remapping",
BOOKTITLE="Reconfigurable Architectures Workshop 2009",
ADDRESS="Rome, Italy",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="System on Chip, Network on Chip, Fault tolerance, Mapping algorithms,
Reconfigurable computing",
ABSTRACT="Achieving fault tolerance for Networks on Chip via 
adaptive application remapping is investigated. We formulate
the new problem of dynamic application remapping, and
propose an efficient remapping algorithm to address single
and multiple PE failures. The new algorithm is used to
dynamically react to PE failures and maintain System on
Chip functionality with gracefully degrading minimal 
network communication energy consumption. We assume a 2D
regular NOC architecture with homogeneous PEs and the
on-line remapping result is used for network and system 
reconfiguration. The proposed algorithm is very efficient and
provides results with quality similar to that achieved using
simulated annealing but in a much shorter runtime."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abab0903:Radio,
AUTHOR="Nedal Ababneh",
TITLE="Radio Irregularity Problem in Wireless Sensor Networks: New Experimental
Results",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Sarnoff Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Princeton , NJ, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="A key design issue in wireless networks is represented by the irregular and
dynamic radio coverage at each node. This is especially true for wireless
sensor networks, which usually employ low quality radio modules to reduce
the cost. It results in irregularity in radio coverage and variations in
packet reception in different directions. Due to its likely impact on the
upper layer protocols, many services, such as localization, routing and
others, needs to be resilient to the irregular and dynamic radio
propagation, and to include mechanisms to deal with these problems. As
such, accurate models of radio propagation patterns are important for
protocol design and evaluation. In this paper, measurements of radio
propagation patterns have been carried out using the motes themselves. With
empirical data obtained from the Mica2 platforms we were able to observe
and further quantify such phenomena. The results demonstrate that the radio
pattern is largely random; however, radio signal attenuation varies along
different direction, and more importantly, is time-varying while
stationary."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abab0906:ECTC,
AUTHOR="Nedal Ababneh and Houda Labiod and Nadia Boukhatem and Anastasios Viglas",
TITLE="{ECTC:} Energy effiCient Topology Control Algorithm for Wireless Sensor
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="10th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and
Multimedia Networks",
ADDRESS="Kos Island, Greece",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless Sensor Network; Topology Control; Energy Savings; Network
Lifetime.",
ABSTRACT="Sensor network which operates on battery are used to gather data in a
variety of environments. The data collected by each node is communicated
through the network to the sink, which uses all reported data to determine
characteristics of the environment or detect an event. Prolonging
sensor’s operable lifetime is a main design challenge of these networks.
A good energy saving technique in this direction is to schedule nodes sleep
interval with the communication radio turned off. In this paper, we propose
a distributed topology control algorithm, termed ECTC, which uses a
clustering approach. It is built on the notion that when a region of a
shared channel wireless sensor network has a sufficient density of nodes,
significant energy saving is obtained by allowing redundant nodes to sleep.
Using the two-hop neighborhood information, certain nodes sequentially
select a subset of nodes to be active among all nodes in the neighborhood,
to ensure connectivity. Moreover, to ensure fairness, the role of active
nodes is rotated periodically to ensure energy-balanced operations. Results
from stochastic geometry are used to derive solutions for the values of
parameters of our algorithm that minimize the total energy spent in the
network when all sensor nodes report data through the cluster heads to the
sink."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abab0907:Sensor,
AUTHOR="Ahmad Ababnah and Bala Natarajan",
TITLE="Sensor Deployment as an Optimal Control",
BOOKTITLE="ICCCN 2009 Track on Wireless Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (WASN)",
ADDRESS="San Francisco, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Wireless sensor networks are widely used for
detection and surveillance applications. In this paper, we
develop a novel sensor deployment algorithm by formulating
the deployment problem as an optimal control theory
problem. Specifically, the problem at hand is modeled as a
linear quadratic regulator. In contrast to prior efforts, that
mainly rely on heuristics, our formulation offers a complete
theoretical framework for deployment. As the complexity
of the optimal control based solution is high, we develop
a low complexity approximation called Max Deficiency
algorithm. Using simulation results, we show that the
proposed algorithms outperform existing methods by using
10\% to 30\% fewer number of sensors to satisfy detection
requirements."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abab0910:8,
AUTHOR="Abdallah Ababneh and Ulrich Schmid and Jorge Hernado and Jose-Luiz
{Sánchez-Rojas} and Helmut Seidel",
TITLE="{8.1} Ermittlung der piezoelektrischen Koeffizienten von",
BOOKTITLE="Mikrosystemtechnik Kongress 2009",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Auf Grund seiner CMOS kompatiblen Herstellung und seiner guten,
piezoelektrischen Eigenschaften ist Alumi-niumnitrid (AlN) ein bevorzugtes
Aktor- und Sensormaterial in MEMS Bauelementen. Ferner zeichnet es sich
durch eine große Bandlücke, eine hohe elektrische Isolationsfestigkeit,
eine hohe akustische Oberflächenwellen-geschwindigkeit und eine gute
Wärmeleitfähigkeit aus. Als typische Anwendungsgebiete sind die Erzeugung
der Primärschwingung bei resonant betriebenen Drehratensensoren, die
Realisierung von RF-MEMS Oszillatoren oder auch die Anregung
massesensitiver Resonatoren im Biosensor-Bereich zu nennen.
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Vergleich zwischen zwei AlN-Dünnfilmen
mit guter und schlechter c-Achsen Orientierung zu ziehen. Der Einfluss der
Kristallstruktur auf die piezoelektrischen Koeffizienten wurde mit Hilfe
einer neuer Methode ermittelt [1]. Für die Messung der piezoelektrischen
Koeffizienten wird die Struktur aus Abb. 1 verwendet. Die AlN-Schicht wird
mit den gewünschten Sputterparameter mit einer Dicke von 500 nm auf 400
µm Siliziumsubstrate abgeschieden. Als Topelektrode wird eine 500 nm dicke
Aluminiumschicht mit einer Größe von 100 µm x 100 µm verwendet. Die
Teststruktur wurde anschließend auf eine 3 mm dicke Alumi-niumplatte
geklebt. Für die Messungen wurde eine sinusförmige Spannung mit einer
Amplitude von 18 V ange-legt. Die Simulation erfolgte mit dem Softwarepaket
COVENTOR. 
Ein Vergleich zwischen den piezoelektrischen Koeffizienten und weiteren
Filmeigenschaften, wie Morphologie, Oberflächenrauhigkeit und
Ätzeigenschaften, wurde gezogen. Die beiden Schichten wurden anschließend
für die Realisierung von einseitig und doppelseitig eingespannten
AlN-Biegebalken eingesetzt.
Die AlN-Dünnschichten wurden auf 4” (100)-Siliziumsubstraten mit Hilfe
der reaktiven Sputtertechnik abge-schieden. Für die Charakterisierung der
Dünnschichten wurden verschiedene Methoden, wie XRD, REM und AFM,
eingesetzt. In der Untersuchung haben wir uns auf zwei Schichten
konzentriert [Abb. 2]. Die erste Schicht zeigt gute c-Achsen Orientierung
mit kreisförmigen Körnern [2] bei einer Korngröße zwischen 20 und 30 nm
und einer mittleren Oberflächenrauhigkeit (Rrms) von 1.7 nm (Rmax~ 13.9
nm). Die zweite Schicht ist (101) orien-tiert und hat eine linsenförmige
Kornstruktur mit einer mittleren Oberflächenrauhigkeit von 3.8 nm (Rmax~
27.5 nm). Des Weiteren zeigen Schichten mit c-Achsen Orientierung deutlich
geringere Ätzraten als Schichten mit (101) Orientierung. Diese Eigenschaft
kann deshalb als guter Indikator für die piezoelektrischen Koeffizien-ten
genommen werden [3]. Für die Ermittlung der piezoelektrischen
Koeffizienten dij wurden die Simulationspa-rameter solange variiert, bis
die Simulationsergebnisse mit den Messungen zu guter Übereinstimmung
kamen. Die Messungen wurden mit dem Laser-Scanning-Vibrometer durchgeführt
[1]. Effektive Werte für d33 und d31 [Abb. 3] für die Schicht mit guter
c-Achsen Orientierung sind 3.0 pm/V und -1.0 pm/V. Im Vergleich dazu zeigt
die Schicht mit (101) Orientierung deutlich geringere piezoelektrische
Koeffizienten von d33 = 1.2 pm/V und d31 = -0.3 pm/V. Damit konnte eine
deutliche Abhängigkeit zwischen den piezoelektrischen Koeffizienten und
der Kristallstruktur nachgewiesen werden. Die beiden Schichten wurden zum
Schluss für die Realisierung von einseitig eingespannten AlN-Balken [Abb.
4] eingesetzt. Die mittlere Auslenkung [Abb. 5] der ersten Mode betrug bei
dem gleichen Anregungssignal 12 nm für die Schicht mit c-Achsen
Orientierung und 0,3 nm für die Schicht mit (101) Orientierung."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abab0911:Optimal,
AUTHOR="Ahmad Ababnah and Bala Natarajan",
TITLE="Optimal Sensor Deployment for {Value-Fusion} Based Detection",
BOOKTITLE="Ad Hoc Sensor and Mesh Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="In many detection and surveillance applications, the goal is to
deploy a network of wireless sensors in an area of interest such
that certain false alarm and detection requirements are satisfied.
Additionally, data fusion methods can be used to combine information
from multiple sensors in order to enhance the ability of the network
to meet the detection/false alarm requirements. In this paper, we
pose the following question: Given a finite number of sensors that
have the ability to cooperate via data fusion, what is the best way
to deploy the sensors in order to meet the detection requirements in
a mean squared sense, while maintaining a specified false alarm
probability. Unlike prior efforts that rely on heuristics to address
the deployment question, we present an optimal control theory based
sensor deployment approach. Here, we model the system as a linear
quadratic regulator with the deployment locations serving as control
parameters. We quantify the effect of placing a sensor (and its
ability to cooperate with other sensors) on the overall detection
probability in order to develop an analytical solution. Using
simulation results, we illustrate that our proposed approach is
superior in performance relative to existing methods in terms of
number of sensors needed to satisfy detection and false alarm
requirements."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abad0000:3D,
AUTHOR="Javier {Abadía} and Francesco Merli and Jean-François {Zürcher} and Juan
Mosig and Anja Skrivervik",
TITLE="{3D-Spiral} Small Antenna for Biomedical Transmission operating within the
{MICS} band",
BOOKTITLE="EuCAP 2009 - Convened",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="1845-1849",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Implantable antennas, operating within the MICS band, need to be
electrically small in order to reach reasonable dimensions. The goal of
this paper is to design and realize an implantable antenna exploiting
several possibilities to reduce its physical size and, at the same time, to
improve its performances."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abas0902:Enhancement,
AUTHOR="Khairul Hamimah Abas",
TITLE="Enhancement of Infrared-based Image Identification System for Security
Robots by Image Decomposition",
BOOKTITLE="4th International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents",
ADDRESS="Wellington, New Zealand",
PAGES="398-402",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="decomposition; infrared; face recognition",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, a new infrared-based face identification system based on an
input image decomposition is presented. The proposed image decomposition is
a novel approach to transform an infrared image into a multilayer infrared
image based on energy levels. The proposed approach is able to identify
correct images from manifold poses by using frontal view of the infrared
images and its decomposition layers as training images. The application of
this finding is substantial, for security and rescue robots, for example,
where a single image is acquired and should be critically identified."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abas0905:Test,
AUTHOR="Ryma Abassi and Sihem {Guemara El Fatmi}",
TITLE="Towards a Test Cases Generation Method for Security Policies",
BOOKTITLE="16th International Conference on Telecommunications",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
PAGES="41-46",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Security Policies, Specification, Testing, Test Purposes, Test Cases, Model
Checkin",
ABSTRACT="Security Policy specification and testing constitute two fundamental
challenges in the development of secure communication systems since they
can ensure that a security policy is correctly enforced. Model checking
techniques can be used to do such task. Given a system modeling and a test
criterion, the model checker can generate a counterexample from which test
cases can be deduced.      To address the previous challenges, we propose
in this paper, a framework to specify a security policy and to test its
implementation. This framework is characterized as follows: (1) the
security policy enforcement is specified through a new modeling language,
S-Promela, (2) the test criteria are expressed by the use of a temporal
logic LTL and (3) the test cases are generated by a classical model
checking technique."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abaz0000:Classification,
AUTHOR="Usman Qureshi and Ayman Abaza and Diaa Eldin M. Nassar and Hany Ammar",
TITLE="Classification of Dental {X-Ray} Films",
BOOKTITLE="The 7th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Rabat, Morocco",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Postmortem Identification; Automated Dental Identification system (ADIS);
Dental Atlas Chart; Film Classification",
ABSTRACT="Identification of deceased individuals based on dental characteristics is
receiving increased attention especially with the large number of victims
encountered in mass disasters (such as Tsunami, 9/11, etc.). An automated
dental identification (ADIS) matches image features extracted from multiple
dental image records.
In this paper, we propose two techniques, the first to automatically
classify periapical images as maxilla (upper jaw) or mandible (lower jaw)
images and the second to identify whether dental bitewing films are
horizontally flipped/rotated or not. The proposed technique for the
identification of dental periapical images uses the crown curve detection
algorithm, while that for identifying bitewings depends upon the
characteristics of roots of the upper and lower molars. This is an
important step in the construction of a dental chart, which is a data
structure that guides tooth-to-tooth matching. We show by experimental
evidence that our approach achieves high accuracy and timeliness."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbAz0910:Automated,
AUTHOR="Mohd Juzaidin {Ab Aziz}",
TITLE="Automated Marking System for Short Answer Examination {(AMS-SAE)}",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="47-51",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="essay marking, natural language, malay language",
ABSTRACT="Short answers essay typed examination requires the students to write their
answers in short sentences. Marking the short answers essay typed
examination requires lecturers to compare the similarity of sentences from
the answer scripts and marking scheme. Sentence similarity is defined as
sentences that have similar meaning but they are different because of the
words used or their construction structure. Automatic Marking System for
Short Answers Examination (AMS-SAE) is a system that has been developed to
grade students’ answers based on the given marking scheme. To marks are
given to the essays based on the  representation of the Grammatical
Relations (GRs) extracted from the sentences. The results show that the
AMS-SAE could award similar marks as the human awarded."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0000:Arm,
AUTHOR="Qammer Abbasi and Andrea Sani and Akram Alomainy and Yang Hao",
TITLE="Arm Movements Effect on Ultra Wideband {On-Body} Propagation Channels and
Radio Systems",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Loughborough Antennas \& Propagation Conference",
ADDRESS="Burleigh Court Conference Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper presents experimental investigation of
ultra wideband on-body radio channel in both the anechoic
chamber and indoor environments including effects of time
varying movements of various body parts on the the channel
characteristics. Measured data are used to extract radio propagation
channel parameters and investigate the influence of body
movements on derived channel models. These models are applied
in conjunction with different modulation techniques commonly
used for impulse radios to evaluate the system performance of onbody
UWB radio systems. Bit error rate and signal-to-noise ratio
studies show that careful considerations need to be taken when
choosing the modulation technique for optimal ultra wideband
body-centric systems."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0000:Non,
AUTHOR="Abbas Abbas",
TITLE="Non-contact Respiratory Monitoring based on Real-time {IR-Thermography}",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 04 (Image Processing, Biosignal Processing, Modelling and Simulation,
Biomechanics)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="infrared thermography, respiration monitoring, thermal variation,
ROI-processing",
ABSTRACT="Vital signal monitoring based on Infrared thermography is a new growing
field of biomedical engineering. One important vital signal of interest in
a clinical diagnosis system is the respiration rate that can be monitored
based on the skin temperature profile associated with inspiration and
expiration of the subject. This work presents a new respiration monitor-ing
method that utilizes region-of-interest (ROI)-processed infrared
thermography images. A wavelet-based analysis method is introduced in order
to identify a thermal variation zone which is cooled by expiratory airflow.
Based on wavelet-decomposition, the overall performance of respiration
monitoring showed a good performance in 8 tested adult sub-jects and one
infant."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0000:Top,
AUTHOR="Hayder Abbas and Seung Ho Hong",
TITLE="A Top Down Approach To Add {Hot-Pluggable} Asynchronous Devices To
{RAPIEnet} Infrastructure",
BOOKTITLE="The 2009 International Symposium on Communications and Information
Technologies",
ADDRESS="Songdo-iFEZ ConvensiA, Incheon, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Full-duplex, RAPIEnet, Asynchronous, Conflict-Multigraph, Industrial
Communication",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents a new approach to add asynchronous sending devices like
Laptops or Personal Computers to the RAPIEnet network without affecting the
real-time performance. As a research result in formal modeling, we present
a way to generate bipartite conflict graphs out of a given network
infrastructure and communication requests of the devices. This graph can be
colored in polynomial time, which leads to obtain schedules for each switch
to be uploaded offline. Then we will be able to identify empty time slots
which can be used to forward nRT traffic of asynchronous devices."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0000:Unified,
AUTHOR="Abdelrahman Abbas and Peter Lehn",
TITLE="A Unified Scalable Multi-input Multi-level Voltage Sourced Converter",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="265-268",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="VSC; Multilevel converters; Multi-input converters",
ABSTRACT="This paper introduces a new multilevel converter topology. Its modular
construction allows it to be scalable to different voltage and power
levels. It can integrate power from both its dc, ac terminals and from
external energy storage units as well. The converter is developed starting
from the well-known cascaded H-bridge topology. A simulation case study is
presented to demonstrate the underlying concept."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0901:Source,
AUTHOR="Ali Abbasi and Mohammad Sadegh Talebi",
TITLE="Source Location Anonymity for Sensor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Special Session on Service-Oriented Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks",
ADDRESS="Las Vegas, USA",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="security and privacy, source anonymity, sensor networks, optimization",
ABSTRACT="Motivated by applications like sensor, peer to peer
networks there has been growing interest in monitoring large
scale distributed systems. In these applications, source location
anonymity is an attractive and critical security property which
despite its importance has not received enough attention. Most of
prior work assume a weak adversary model where the adversary
sees only local network traffic, but here we consider source
anonymity against a global eavesdropper. Attaining location unobservabilty
under global attacker is very difficult and expensive
to achieve, because sensor networks are very limited in resources.
In this work we propose a distributed algorithm to mix real event
traffic with carefully chosen dummy traffic to hide the real event
traffic pattern. We assume we have fixed amount of resources to
send dummy traffic and we try to distribute this among sensors
so as to maximize the degree of anonymity of the system. Through
simulation, we illustrate that the proposed technique is efficient
in protecting location information from the eavesdropper."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0903:Desirable,
AUTHOR="Akbar Abbasi",
TITLE="Desirable security for wireless sensor networks",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Sensor networks will play a key role in future smart
environments. Sensor nodes which are used to form wireless
sensor networks, are limited energy resources and have low
power capabilities. Thus, sensor networks need to be energy
efficient. When they are deployed in military environments,
they also need strong security services.
In this paper, an energy-efficient security protocol is proposed
for resource constrained sensor networks. The proposed
protocol provides a security mechanism to detect energy
consuming and useless packets that enemy injects into sensor
network. Both mathematical analysis and simulation of this
protocol are provided in this paper."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0903:Fast,
AUTHOR="Mohammad Abbasi",
TITLE="A Fast Transient Response Low Drop-out Voltage Regulator",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="CMOS analog integrated circuits, buffer stage, fast transient response,
line regulation, load regulation, low dropout voltage regulator",
ABSTRACT="A fast transient response low drop out voltage regulator (LDO) is
presented. The requirement of fast transient response is completely
application specific and is governed by the loading conditions. If load
current changes too quicker, then a fast transient response is a definite
requirement. The LDO is implemented in 0.18um generic CMOS technology, it
generates fixed 1.6V from a 3.6V supply which on discharging goes to 1.9V.
The buffer stage used is wide band OTA capable of providing rail-to-rail
swing and full current to charge and discharge the large driver transistor
capacitance, enabling fast slewing. Simulation result shows that the
proposed circuit provides full load transient response of less than 44ns
settling time and less than 30mV undershoot."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0905:Improving,
AUTHOR="Arash Abbasi",
TITLE="Improving Ultra-wideband Source Localization via Employing Channel
Statistics Information in Weighted Least Squares Algorithms",
BOOKTITLE="Seventh Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research",
ADDRESS="Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="UWB; Multipath Channel; NLOS and LOS Environments; WLS; Localization",
ABSTRACT="A source localization procedure that uses more accurately from channel
statistics information is proposed in this paper. WLS (Weighted Least
Squares) algorithm that is used in this paper for localization procedure
chooses its weights depend on likelihood-ratio test based on the channel
statistics information. Kurtosis, RMS (root mean square error), mean excess
delay are statistics parameters that are used in this paper as channel
statistics information for detecting LOS and NLOS channels. In the proposed
method, Weights in the WLS algorithms can take wider range of values depend
on the likelihood-ratio test. Simulation results show effectiveness of the
proposed algorithm, by reducing localization error."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0906:C2AM,
AUTHOR="Ameer Abbasi and Uthman Baroudi and Mohamed Younis and Kemal Akkaya",
TITLE="{C2AM:} An Algorithm for {Application-Aware} {Movement-Assisted} Recovery
in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IWCMC 2009 Wireless Sensor Networks Symposium",
ADDRESS="Leipzig, Germany",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks, Topology Maintenance, Cross Layer
Optimization, Connectivity Restoration, Fault tolerance",
ABSTRACT="In Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) a connected inter-actor
topology is desirable in order for the deployed actors to work
collaboratively. If a critical actor fails causing the inter-actor network
to get partitioned into disjoint segments, the other actors close to the
faulty node often exploit their mobility to autonomously restore the lost
inter-actor connectivity. However, such a solution focuses on resource
efficiency and assumes no constraints on the mobility of actors which can
be impractical in the real scenarios. In addition, since actors need to
carry out tasks to meet the application level requirements, unconstrained
movement of actor(s) to restore inter-actor connectivity can cause a major
failure at the application level. This paper presents C2AM; a recovery
algorithm that factors in application level constraints on actor’s
mobility while restoring the network connectivity. In addition to
considering physical level requirements, C2AM accounts for application
level concerns as well in order to avoid major disruptions to ongoing
missions. Simulation results have validated the effectiveness of the
algorithm in maintaining both objectives."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0906:Case,
AUTHOR="Anna Abbagnale and Emanuele Cipollone and Francesca Cuomo",
TITLE="A case study for evaluating {IEEE} {802.15.4} wireless sensor network
formation with mobile sinks",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Ad Hoc and Sensor Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless Sensor Network; IEEE 802.15.4; topology formation; sinks’
mobility.",
ABSTRACT="Wireless Sensor Networks are traditionally composed
of a multiplicity of sensor nodes that sense given phenomena
and deliver the sensed data to specific sink nodes. In
the most of the application scenarios sensor nodes have been
considered motionless. On the contrary, interesting possibilities
arise if some sensors are embedded in devices carried by mobile
agents as people, cars, animals, etc. If sinks move within the
considered sensor field, they are able to provide both sparse
sensing and collecting of data measured by static sensors placed
at fixed locations. The main goal of this work is to evaluate,
through simulations, the impact of the sinks’ mobility in a
wireless sensor network created by using the topology formation
mechanism provided by the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard. To this aim,
as a practical application scenario, we consider a wireless sensor
network deployed in a museum used to monitor the presence, the
localization and the integrity of artworks exposed in it. In this
context, we analyze, by performing simulations with Network
Simulator 2, how sinks’ mobility affects important performance
metrics like connectivity and power consumption for network
formation and re-configuration."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0906:Generalized,
AUTHOR="Aliazam Abbasfar",
TITLE="Generalized Differential Vector Signaling",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Signal Processing for Communications Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Differential signaling; single-ended signaling; multi-wire coding; parallel
links; data bus",
ABSTRACT="Binary NRZ signaling over single ended or fully differential parallel wired
channels is commonly used for chip-to-chip communications.  This paper
presents differential vector signaling as a generalized new class of
signaling for parallel wired links.  Differential vector signaling has many
of the benefits inherent to differential signaling while maintaining high
pin efficiency of single ended parallel links and offers an alternative
solution for high speed chip-to-chip interconnections. The signaling is
viewed as a multi-wire coded communication system. The encoding method and
the maximum likelihood decoding algorithm are presented. Also a variant of
this signaling which requires a reduced complexity receiver is proposed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0909:Continuous,
AUTHOR="Ziaul Haq Abbas and Frank Li",
TITLE="A {Continuous-Space} Analytical Approach for Relay Node Placement in Hybrid
Cellular and Ad Hoc Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems 2009",
ADDRESS="Siena, Italy",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="A hybrid network is composed of a cellular component and an ad hoc
component connected by a relay node, for the purpose of coverage extension
and/or capacity improvement. In this paper, we analyze the capacity of such
a network by employing a continuous-space analytical methodology based on
circular geometry. Uniform distribution of the nodes is assumed. To achieve
maximal overall capacity, the relay node needs to be placed in an optimum
location between the base station and the mobile station located at the
boundary of the hybrid network. Numerical results show that for obtaining
the optimum overall capacity for the hybrid network, the placement of the
relay node should be in a range which is neither too close nor too far away
from the base station.  For a given node density and path-loss coefficient,
a precise location for relay node placement to achieve maximum overall
capacity can be found using the presented method."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0909:CQSR,
AUTHOR="Ash Mohammad Abbas and Oivind Kure",
TITLE="{CQSR:} A Correlation Aware Quality of Service Routing for Mobile Ad hoc
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference and Exhibition on Next Generation Mobile
Applications, Services, and Technologies",
ADDRESS="Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Provision of quality of service in a mobile ad hoc network is a challenging
task. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol for providing QoS in a
mobile ad hoc network. Our protocol tries to discover multiple
node-disjoint paths between a given source and a destination. The protocol
is based on the awareness about the correlation among different
node-disjoint paths. We analyze the performance of the protocol and
evaluate probability of QoS violations and route discovery overheads."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0909:Extended,
AUTHOR="Ghulam Abbas and Atulya Nagar and Hissam Tawfik and Yannis Goulermas",
TITLE="Extended Adaptive Rate Allocation for Distributed Flow Control of
Multiclass Services in the Next Generation Networks",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference and Exhibition on Next Generation Mobile
Applications, Services, and Technologies",
ADDRESS="Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Global Optimization; Network Utility Maximization; Rate Allocation;
Surrogate Subgradient",
ABSTRACT="Next Generation Networks (NGN) are envisaged to see a vast and inevitable
convergence of diverse multimedia and mobile services with versatile
bandwidth utilities. As such, a design challenge for NGN is to allow
efficient rate allocation without compromising Quality of Service (QoS)
provisioning to any service and thereby enable a global welfare gain.
However, the traditional rate allocation schemes assume elasticity of
application services and strict-concavity of utility functions. Such
assumptions provide design simplicity, but in practice, limit the
applicability of resulting protocols, in that severe QoS problems are
encountered when bandwidth is shared by inelastic services with nonconcave
utility functions. As such, the current strict priority based schemes
cannot maximize the overall network utility for NGN, and hence bring a
significant global welfare loss.
This paper presents an adaptive rate control algorithm to distributively
allocate transmission rates to multiclass services. The proposed algorithm
is based on the Lagrangian Relaxation for a dual formulation by decomposing
the rate allocation problem into a master-slave framework. We use a novel
surrogate subgradient method to solve the master problem. For the nonconvex
subproblems, we compare the performance of a number of global optimization
methods, where the objectives are to achieve fast convergence as well as
accuracy."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0909:Hierarchical,
AUTHOR="Manzar Abbas and George Vachtsevanos",
TITLE="A hierarchical framework for fault propagation analysis in complex systems",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2009",
ADDRESS="Aneheim, CA, USA",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="ABSTRACT:"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0910:Analytical,
AUTHOR="Ataollah Abbasi and Mehrdad Rostami and Jafar Abdollahi and Hamid Abbasi",
TITLE="An analytical discrete model for evaluation the chaotic behavior of Buck
converter under current control mode",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="112-116",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Buck converter; Current control; Saturated feedback; Fuzzy
diagram;Bifurcation diagram; Fixed points analysis.",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents the chaotic behavior of buck converter for switching
sources
in current control mode by discrete equations. This behavior is
demonstrated by
presenting a piecewise linear discrete map for this converter and then
combining
the feedback equation to obtain the overall equation of the converter.
with
obtaining the overall equation, exact map behavior is then studied. For
this
purpose, the transiant state to chaotic behavior, discrete chaotic time
signals, and bifurcation diagram circuit are presented in different
conditions, based on various circuit control parameters."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0910:Analytical,
AUTHOR="Ataollah Abbasi and Mehrdad Rostami and Jafar Abdollahi and Hamid Abbasi
and Hasan {nazari Daneshmand}",
TITLE="An analytical discrete model for evaluation the chaotic behavior of Boost
converter under current control mode",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="403-407",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Boost converter; Current control; Saturated feedback; Fuzzy
diagram;Bifurcation diagram; Fixed points analysis.",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents the chaotic behavior of boost converter for switching
sources in current control mode by discrete equations. This behavior is
demonstrated by presenting a piecewise linear discrete map for this
converter and then combining the feedback equation to obtain the overall
equation of the converter. with obtaining the overall equation, exact map
behavior is then studied. For this purpose, the transiant state to chaotic
behavior, discrete chaotic time signals, and bifurcation diagram circuit
are presented in different conditions, based on various circuit control
parameters."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0911:Experiences,
AUTHOR="Fahim Abbasi and Richard Harris",
TITLE="Experiences with a Generation {III} Virtual Honeynet",
BOOKTITLE="Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Canberra, Australia, Australia",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Security, HoneyNets, virtualisation",
ABSTRACT="This paper proposes a methodology for establishing a virtual Honeynet on a
VMware Server [18] running Honeywall CDROM Roo. The implementation is
specific to a Linux based host having a single physical network interface
card. Security of virtual Honeynets is always a concern so special
techniques are discussed in the paper to ensure security and to mitigate
risks posed to the host and virtual machines. An effort has been made to
ensure that all the software (both the OS and associated tools) used for
the project are either free or Open Source. Through the use of
virtualization this reduces any implementation costs by a considerable
amount, making the project more feasible for universities and academic
institutes. Special techniques were implemented in order to enhance the
data capture mechanisms on the Linux-based Honeypot to efficiently generate
reports. Risk evaluation and suggestions for improvements to the
methodology are proposed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0912:Michelson,
AUTHOR="Karim Abbasian and Ali Rostami",
TITLE="Michelson Interferometer Based Gas Detector Design Using {EIT}",
BOOKTITLE="9th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Gas sensor; EIT; Michelson Interferometer; Detector.",
ABSTRACT="Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is one of the interesting
phenomena of light–matter interaction which modifies matter properties
for propagation of light. In other words, we can change the absorption and
refractive coefficient at the resonant frequency using EIT. In this paper,
we doped quantum dots 3-level in one of the Michelson Interferometer’s
mirror and used EIT to change its refractive index. So, a controllable
phase difference between lights in two arms of interferometer is created.
Long response time is the main drawback of Michelson interferometer based
sensor, which is resolved in this work."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abba0912:Performance,
AUTHOR="Ammar Abbas and Ibrahim Hussain",
TITLE="Performance and fairness analysis of {IEEE} 802.11e",
BOOKTITLE="9th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless; IEEE 802.11e; EDCA; throughput; QoS; MAC",
ABSTRACT="The IEEE 802.11e which is an enhanced version of the 802.11 WLAN standards
incorporates the Quality of Service (QoS) which makes it a better choice
for multimedia and real time applications. In this paper we study various
aspects concerned with 802.11e standard. Further, the analysis results for
this standard are compared with the legacy 802.11 standard. Simulation
results show that IEEE 802.11e out performs legacy IEEE 802.11 in terms of
quality of service due to its flow differentiated channel allocation and
better queue management architecture. We also propose a method to improve
the unfair allocation of bandwidth for downlink and uplink channels by
varying the medium access priority level.his document gives formatting
instructions for authors preparing papers for publication in the
Proceedings of an IEEE conference.  The authors must follow the
instructions given in the document for the papers to be published.  You can
use this document as both an instruction set and as a template into which
you can type your own text."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abbe0906:Coding,
AUTHOR="Emmanuel Abbe and Lizhong Zheng",
TITLE="Coding Along Hermite Polynomials for Gaussian Noise Channels",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Seoul, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Fading Broadcast Channel, Local Geometry, extremal entropic inequalities",
ABSTRACT="This paper shows that the capacity achieving input distribution for a
fading Gaussian broadcast channel is not Gaussian in general. The
construction of non-Gaussian distributions that strictly outperform
Gaussian ones, for certain characterized fading distributions, is provided.
The ability of analyzing non-Gaussian input distributions with closed form
expressions is made possible in a local setting. It is shown that there
exists a specific coordinate system, based on Hermite polynomials, which
parametrizes Gaussian neighborhoods and which is particularly suitable to
study the entropic operators encountered with Gaussian noise."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abbe0910:Coding,
AUTHOR="Emmanuel Abbe and Lizhong Zheng",
TITLE="Coding Along Hermite Polynomials for Interference Channels",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Information Theory Workshop, Taormina",
ADDRESS="Taormina, Sicily, Italy",
PAGES="584-588",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper analyzes the use of non-Gaussian input distributions over the
Gaussian interference channel. It has been recently proved that the iid
Gaussian code ensemble together with a decoder that treats interference as
noise is sum-capacity achieving, if the interference is below a threshold.
We show that, when the decoder treats interference as noise, and when the
interference is above a threshold, the iid Gaussian ensemble can be
strictly improved upon. In the block synchronous setting, the improvement
is obtained by a Gaussian but non iid ensemble, whereas in the asynchronous
setting, it is obtained by an iid but non Gaussian ensemble. The analysis
of non-Gaussian ensembles is made possible by the use of the Hermite
coordinate system."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abbo0000:Underlay,
AUTHOR="Osama Abboud and Aleksandra Kovacevic and Kalman Graffi and Konstantin
Pussep and Ralf Steinmetz",
TITLE="Underlay Awareness in {P2P} Systems: Techniques and Challenges",
BOOKTITLE="Sixth  International Workshop on Hot Topics in Peer-to-Peer Systems",
ADDRESS="Rome, Italy",
DAYS=29,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications have recently attracted a large number of
Internet users. Traditional P2P systems however, suffer from inefficiency
due to lack of information from the underlay, i.e. the physical network.
Although there is a plethora of research on underlay awareness, this aspect
of P2P systems is still not clearly structured. In this paper, we provide a
taxonomical survey that outlines the different steps for achieving underlay
awareness. The main contribution of this paper is presenting a clear
picture of what underlay awareness is and how it can be used to build next
generation P2P systems. Impacts of underlay awareness and open research
issues are also discussed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abbo0907:Study,
AUTHOR="Nadine Abboud and Chafic Salame and Alain Foucaran and Alain Hoffmann and
Mialhe Pierre",
TITLE="Study for the Electrical Quality Degradation of N-channel {VDMOSFET}
Transistor Induced by Gate Oxide Stress and Junction Hot Carriers Injection",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
PAGES="142-145",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="electrical stress, electronic devices, degradations",
ABSTRACT="The aim of this study is to develop the behavior modifications of a
VDMOSFET N-channel transistor induced by electrical stress that lead to a
gradual aging of the device characteristics. The applied stress generates
degradations which have been attributed to trapped holes, trapped electrons
and interface states.

The electrical stresses have been applied using two well known techniques,
widely used in the literature:
  
-	CVS (Constant Voltage Stress): A constant voltage is applied on the gate
oxide for different stress time. The drain is short circuited to the source
and both are grounded.

-	Hot carriers injection stress: A high electric field is applied across
the drain-source junction while the avalanche current was controlled in
order to assure a save injection of hot carriers without inducing a
breakdown in the device.
The gate was maintained at 0V to prevent the Oxide gate rupture. 
Reverse current could then induce an injection of hot electrons through the
MOS structure.

Degradation coming from the above mentioned stresses on the threshold
voltage, the gate to source capacitance and the drain to source capacitance
were followed for a commercial VDMOSFET.

Aging effects are discussed and related to quality and reliability of the
devices."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abbo0911:Modeling,
AUTHOR="Khadige Abboud and Weihua Zhuang",
TITLE="Modeling and Analysis for Emergency Messaging Delay in Vehicular Ad Hoc
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Ad Hoc Sensor and Mesh Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Emergency messaging; delay; vehicular communications; modeling; performance
analysis",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents mathematical modeling and analysis for the total delay
in disseminating safety messages in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET).
Node clustering can help in managing a large network and improving
scalability, thus cluster based broadcasting is considered so as to prevent
broadcast storms. Traffic flow theories developed in civil engineering are
employed, which suggest different mathematical models for different traffic
densities. This provides realistic models that account for the mobility and
randomness and matches the highly dynamic nature of a VANET. We also
investigate the minimum cluster size that achieves acceptable message
delivery latency. It is shown that network control and performance
parameters are dependent on the traffic density."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abd.0911:Development,
AUTHOR="Zamre {Abd. Ghani} and MA Hannan and Azah Mohamed",
TITLE="Development of {Three-Phase} Photovoltaic Inverter using {dSPACE} {DS1104}
Board",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="PV; dSPACE; inverter; SPWM; MATLAB/Simulink",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, the development of three-phase photovoltaic (PV) inverter by
using dSPACE DS1104 R\&D Controller Board is discussed. The controller
generates a sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) signals for power
switching, which is designed to maintain a 50 Hertz sinusoidal output with
a low total harmonic distortion (THD). The simulation results based on the
MATLAB/Simulink with dSPACE RTI library justifies the inverter performance
are presented. In this study, a standalone PV inverter is used and the PV
voltage is represented by a dc voltage."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abd.0911:Malaysian,
AUTHOR="Fadhilah {Abd. Razak}",
TITLE="Malaysian Peak Daily Load Forecasting",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Time series analysis has been applied intensively and sophisticatedly to
model and forecast many problems in the biological, physical and
environmental phenomena of interest. This fact accounts for the basic
engineering problem in forecasting the daily peak system load to use time
series analysis. The initial work attempts to fit a time series model for
forecasting the peak daily demand of electricity using ARIMA models. Only
two potential candidate models found namely the pure autoregressive model
with an order 2, or AR (2) and the moving average model with an order 1,
MA(1). AR (2) has the minimum AIC statistic value compared with MA (1)
model and post sample accuracy criteria of both models are compared and 
AR(2)  model recorded MAPE value of 1.27 \% in the prediction of 3 days
ahead from Jan 1 to 3 , 2005. which indicates further that AR(2) is a
better model for forecasting the peak daily demand of electricity. 
Since the time series of the peak daily load has many troughs, possibly due
to the weekends, and holidays, the load forecasting models are determined
separately to represent different day types namely, Mondays, Saturdays,
Sundays, and a group of Tuesdays until Fridays . Exponential Smoothing and
RegARMA model of order (1) with ARMA errors are among the best forecasting
models for these different day types.Their MAPE values are recorded between
1.2 \% until 1.9 \%.   The final model of seasonal decomposition can then
be considered   as given by Yt = C + b1 X1,t  + b2 X2,t + bb X3,t  + E
whereby Yt is  as a response variable for load and  X1,t  ,  X2,t ,  X3,t  
are independent variables for Mondays, weekdays and weekends respectively.
E is the random error that may come from holidays and other disturbance. 
Besides statistical time series forecasting models, the artificial
intelligent model namely Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is
also discussed to capture some features in the time series. Sub- clustering
method was used to the unbalanced data and the model based on forecasting
of 3 days ahead recorded 1.89\% as a MAPE value."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0000:Development,
AUTHOR="Omar Abdalla and Hilal Al-Hadi and Hisham Al-Riyami",
TITLE="Development of a Digital Model for Oman Electrical Transmission Main Grid",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
PAGES="451-456",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Digital Model; Electrical Power System ; Steady-State and Transient
Analyses.",
ABSTRACT="Electric utilities over the world perform studies by using digital models
to simulate the electric power systems. These models are based on computer
packages with versatile facilities to represent large scale power systems,
including generating units, transformers, transmission lines, loads and
various control devices.
The paper describes the development of a digital computer model
representing the main electric transmission system in Oman. The DIgSILENT
professional power system computation package is employed. A brief
description of system is given, which includes:
	8 power stations of total capacity of about 3840 MW
	686 circuit-km of 220 kV transmission lines
	2838 circuit-km of 132 kV transmission lines
	5630 MVA of 220/132 kV transformer capacity
	7070 MVA of 132/33 kV transformer capacity
	Six 220/132 kV interconnection substations
	Thirty six 132/33 kV grid supply point substations
The system is connected with a number of internal industrial plants to
exchange electric power in addition to the interconnection between Oman and
UAE.
The model is used to perform computer studies such as load flows, short
circuit analysis, stability, transient responses, etc. The simulation
results are used for evaluating system performance and strategic planning
purposes. Sample results are presented in the paper to show the
capabilities of developed model."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0000:Innovativer,
AUTHOR="Omar Abdallah and Armin Bolz",
TITLE="Innovativer Multisensor zur Nichtinvasiven Überwachung vitaler Parameter
und Prävention von Lungen- und Herzkreislauferkrankungen",
BOOKTITLE="Ambient Assisted Living Kongress",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
DAYS=27,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Lungen- und Herzkreislauferkrankungen stellen bei mehr als  der Hälfte der
Fälle die  Todesursache in Deutschland dar. Eine kontinuierliche
Sauerstoffzufuhr ist für das Leben der menschlichen Zellen notwendig. Ohne
Sauerstoffversorgung der Gehirnzellen treten nach ca. fünf Minuten
irreversible Schäden im Gehirn ein. Es ist nicht nur erforderlich, die
momentane Sauerstoffsättigung zu überwachen, sondern auch jegliche
Änderungen, die auch einen Sauerstoffmangel später verursachen könnten,
möglichst frühzeitig zu diagnostizieren und damit rechtzeitig zu
beseitigen. 

Mit einem entwickelten Pulsmultidiagnostiker (PMD-Multisensor) werden
wichtige Vitalparameter wie Sauerstoffsättigung, Herzrate, Blutdruck (BD),
Elektrokardiogramm (EKG), Temperatur sowie die Hämoglobinkonzentration mit
einer einfachen nichtinvasiven Methode ermittelt. Weitere Parameter wie
Herzfrequenz, Herzraten-, Blutdruck- und Temperaturvariabilitäten werden
aus den gemessenen Signalen durch Signalverarbeitung und
Parameterextraktion abgeleitet. Aus den zeitgleich erfassten Signalen
werden weitere Merkmale sowohl im Zeit- als auch im Frequenzbereich mit
neuronalen  Netzen und Datafusion extrahiert, um pathologische Änderungen
wie z. B. lokale Blutgefäßzustände oder Herzanomalien, zu detektieren.
Zum Beispiel kann mit dem neuen Multisensor eine Ischämie bei Patienten
mittels optischer und thermischer Sensoren detektiert werden. Mit optischen
und elektrischen Sensoren können Herzarrhythmien und ihre Einflüsse auf
die Blutzirkulation ermittelt werden. Aus den kardiovaskularen
Oszillationen, berechnet aus mehreren Parametern (z.B.
Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) aus EKG und Pulsratenvariabilität aus
Pulssignal), könnten Sympathikus- und Parasympathikusaktivitäten sowie
kardiovaskuläre Krankheiten detektiert werden. Blutinhaltstoffe,
Herzfrequenz, EKG, Blutdruck sowie Temperatur und  ihre Variabilitäten
ermöglichen mit weiteren Parametern wie Atmungssignalen, Herzzeitvolumen
(zur Detektion von Herzinsuffizienz) und Herzfrequenzturbulenz eine
umfassende Diagnose vor allem bei Herzkreislaufsystemerkrankungen
durchzuführen. Die Abhängigkeit von gemessenen Parametern voneinander
wird betrachtet, um genaue Messungen und eine aussagekräftige Diagnose zu
ermöglichen. Der Multisensor wird in seiner vollen Funktionalität zum
Monitoring von vitalen Parametern sowie zur Diagnose eingesetzt, was die
Prävention von zahlreichen Pathologien ermöglichen wird. 

Weitere Parameter wie Blutzucker und venöse Sauerstoffsättigung sollen
zukünftig berechnet und im PMD integriert werden, um Glukose nichtinvasiv
zu überwachen und Aussagen über die Stoffwechsel im Gewebe zu treffen.
Durch den Einsatz der Telemetrie und weitere Miniaturisierung der Sensoren
durch Integration von Hardwareelementen und Powermanagement werden neue
Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Multisensors ermöglicht. Ansteuerung eines
Implantates, wie einer Insulinpumpe (künstlicher Pankreas) sowie
Intelligente Kleidung für den mobilen belastungsfreien Dauereinsatz im
Alltagsleben, sind Beispiele für weitere Anwendungen des PMD`s. Im
normalen Alltagsleben wird die Überwachung der Vitalparameter durch
Bewegungsartefakte  gestört, so dass ein kontinuierliches Monitoring
dieser Parameter meist nicht möglich ist. Sauerstoffsättigung,
Pulsfrequenz und Atmungssignale könnten damit unter Umständen für eine
lange Zeitperiode nicht registriert werden. Beim PMD ist ein adaptives
Filter zum nichtinvasiven zuverlässigen Monitoring von Vitalparametern im
Alltagsleben entwickelt. Andere Parameter wie Blutdruckschwankungen und
HRV, die für die Prävention von Herzkreislauferkrankungen notwendig sind,
könnten auch damit kontinuierlich detektiert werden."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0000:VoroGame,
AUTHOR="Maha Abdallah and Eliya Buyukkaya",
TITLE="{VoroGame} : A Hybrid {P2P} Architecture for Massively Multiplayer Games",
BOOKTITLE="Special Session on Digital Entertainment, Networked Virtual Environment and
Creative Technology",
ADDRESS="Las Vegas, USA",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Massively multiplayer games; peer-to-peer systems; distributed hash tables;
voronoi diagram; interest management; data distribution; state management",
ABSTRACT="Peer-to-peer (P2P) architectures have recently become very popular in
massively multiplayer games (MMGs). While P2P gaming offers high
scalability compared to client/server architectures, it introduces several
major issues related to data distribution and game state consistency. In
this paper, we report our initial version of VoroGame, a P2P architecture
for MMGs that addresses these issues by combining a structured P2P overlay
based on a distributed hash table (DHT) for data distribution, with a
Voronoi diagram used for virtual game world decomposition and semantic
overlay support. The resulting hybrid architecture enables a fully
distributed management of data and state information, and ensures efficient
dissemination of game state updates to relevant peers."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0905:Noisy,
AUTHOR="Hanan {Abd ala}",
TITLE="Noisy Password Scheme: A New One Time Password System",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="841-846",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Noisy Password; One Time Password",
ABSTRACT="The purpose of a one-time password (OTP) is to make it more difficult to
gain unauthorized access to restricted resources, like a computer account.
Traditionally static passwords can more easily be accessed by an
unauthorized intruder given enough attempts and time. By constantly
altering the password, as is done with a one-time password, this risk can
be greatly reduced. In this paper, we propose the new noisy password
technique. The proposed system attempts to alleviate the problem of
shoulder surfing or eves dropping by making the replay of a password
useless. Every time a user is authenticated by totally different password.
The noisy password constitute of several parts, the actual password and
additional noisy parts that are well studied to generate different
passwords almost every time a user wants to authenticate himself. The noisy
parts are proven to be robust against any hacking attacks. Experimental
results give good indication of the ease of utilization of the new system
with low error rates that can be enhanced by time."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0905:Strategic,
AUTHOR="Salam Abdallah and Fayez Albadri",
TITLE="Strategic information systems planning: A case in the context of United
Arab Emirates",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Information Resources Management",
ADDRESS="Dubai, UAE",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="SISP, case study, Middle East",
ABSTRACT="Strategic Information Systems Planning (SISP) is increasingly regarded as
critical to help business organizations decide their preferences and
priorities that are pertinent to IS\&T investment, and to ensure that the
adoption of such technologies will culminate in tangible business gains and
drive value creation for competitive advantages. This study is part of a
much wider scoped-research that is concerned with SISP in UAE
organizations. The objective of this explorative research is to provide
insights on the SISP implementation processes in one of the organizations
in the UAE. Future studies would follow to examine multiple organizations
and to evaluate the effectiveness of SISP on the organizations performance
and to track success factors, strengths weaknesses, processes, methods,
techniques, and tools that practitioners are adopting."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0906:Cooperative,
AUTHOR="Mohamed Abdallah",
TITLE="Cooperative Beamforming For Multi-hop Relaying in Wireless Sensor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IWCMC 2009 Wireless Sensor Networks Symposium",
ADDRESS="Leipzig, Germany",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Beamforming, Cooperative Communications, Multihop Sensor Networks",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we present a class of cooperative beamforming algorithms for
information relaying in wireless multihop sensor networks. We focus on
networks whereby the source is communicating to the destination via a set 
of  multihop relay nodes organized via hierarchical clustering. In
particular, at each hop, a set of clusters are formed using a number of
relay nodes where for each cluster, the relay nodes employ two different
relaying strategies: i) amplify-and-forward via beamforming, ii)
decode-and-forward via beamforming. For both strategies, we present
algorithms that systematically select the beamforming weights for the
relays at each cluster that optimize the uncoded bit error rates at the
destination."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0907:Public,
AUTHOR="Walid Abdallah and Mohamed Hamdi and Noureddine Boudriga",
TITLE="A {Public-Key} Encryption Algorithm for Optical Networks Based on Lattice
Cryptography",
BOOKTITLE="14th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications",
ADDRESS="Sousse, Tunisia",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper proposes a security architecture for optical code
division multiaccess networks based on lattice cryptography. Unlike
existing approaches, which have mainly focused on optical components
such as phase masks and delay lines, our cryptosystem encompasses a
secure code construction process. In fact, given a set of optical
orthogonal codewords, we associate a pair of bases (a public basis
and a private basis) to every user and we show that the projection
of a codeword on the public basis of the receiver and the addition
of a random error enhances the confidentiality performance of the
code. The proposed public key cryptosystem is based on lattice
cryptography. The security of this scheme relies mainly on the
complexity of the closest vector-problem in an integer lattice. We
found that our technique performs better than the existing
approaches in terms of robustness to cryptanalysis. We also study
the security of our lattice cryptosystem with regard to the
properties of the bases pairs and the error vectors."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdA0909:Equal,
AUTHOR="Raed Abd-Alhameed and Dawei Zhou and Marhoun AlKhambashi and Chan See and
Musa Abusitta and Peter Excell",
TITLE="{Equal-Spaced} Rectangular Meander-line Antenna {RFID} Tag Design for {UHF}
Band",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications",
ADDRESS="Wrexham, North Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=8,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="RFID; Antenna design; Electromagnetic simulation; Printed antennas",
ABSTRACT="Design and testing of an equal-spaced rectangular meander-line antenna
(ESRMLA) for RFID tag applications in the European UHF band 865-868 MHz is
presented. The tag antenna was modelled and analysed using two established
electromagnetic simulator packages. For validation, a prototype tag antenna
was constructed and tested. The input impedance of the proposed antenna was
verified against the simulated data results and the measured and simulated
results were found to be in good agreement. The tag has a compact size
(63.2 mm x 21.9 mm) and shows excellent impedance matching to the typical
input impedance of an RFID integrated circuit chip."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0910:ARQ,
AUTHOR="Yara Abdallah and Moustafa Youssef and Hesham {El Gamal}",
TITLE="{ARQ} Secrecy: From Theory to Practice",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Information Theory Workshop, Taormina",
ADDRESS="Taormina, Sicily, Italy",
PAGES="6-10",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Inspired by our earlier work on Automatic Repeat
reQuest (ARQ) secrecy, we propose a simple, yet efficient,
security overlay protocol to existing 802.11 networks. Our work
targets networks secured by the Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
protocol because of its widespread use and vulnerability to a
multitude of security threats. By exploiting the existing ARQ
protocol in the 802.11 standard, our proposed opportunistic
secrecy scheme is shown to defend against all known passive
WEP attacks. Moreover, our implementation on the madwifi-ng
driver is used to establish the achievability of a vanishing secrecy
outage probability in several realistic scenarios."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abda0911:Efficient,
AUTHOR="Walid Abdallah and Mohamed Hamdi and Noureddine Boudriga and Mohammad S.
Obaidat",
TITLE="Efficient Resource Reservation for Optical Burst Switching Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Communications Software and Services Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, HI, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Networking services, optical burst switching, quality of service, resource
reservation, random packet dropping, virtual optical memory, optical delay
lines, performance evaluation.",
ABSTRACT="Abstract—Optical burst switching (OBS) is one promising method for data
transfer in photonic networks based on a WDM (Wavelength Division
Multiplexing) technology. In the OBS scheme, the wavelength is exclusively
reserved along the source and destination nodes, when the burst data is
generated at the source. Then, efficient data transfer is expected.
However, its performance is heavily dependent on the number of links that
the lightpath goes through. TCP-based applications account for a majority
of data traffic in the Internet; thus understanding and improving the
performance of TCP over OBS networks is critical. In this paper, we present
a new parallel wavelength reservation method for optical burst switching
(OBS) networks based on adapting the set of potential wavelengths with the
number of hops in the path. The uniqueness of this work when compared to
existing works is that buffering resources, which consist of Optical Delay
Lines (ODLs), are considered in the reservation mechanism. The consequence
of this is that the time made by the segments in the various buffers across
the selected path is taken into consideration. Various simulation
experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the scheme.
We find out that our approach has better performance than previous related
works reported in the literature."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdE0000:Optimization,
AUTHOR="Emad {Abd Elrahman} and Hossam Afifi",
TITLE="Optimization of File Allocation for Video Sharing Servers",
BOOKTITLE="NTMS - New Technologies and ServicesTrack",
ADDRESS="Cairo, Egypt",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Servers hits; Social networks; File allocation optimizations.",
ABSTRACT="This paper focuses on one of the most used short video servers on the
Internet, it is YouTube. YouTube has the third rank of the internet sites
related to its traffic transactions.
In this work, firstly, we study the effect of the huge numbers of viewers,
hits, users and files on the video sharing servers’ behaviours by
analyzing some recent statistics about YouTube. Then, we propose an
optimization for file
allocation procedures in general and then we apply the algorithm to some
examples of YouTube videos. This solution improves the number of hits
related to those kinds of servers over the Internet. Finally, we try to
optimize the revenue from the file allocation and propose a hybrid solution
for the file
hosting or server caching systems."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0000:Semi,
AUTHOR="Mohamed {Abdel Hady} and Friedhelm Schwenker and Guenther Palm",
TITLE="{Semi-Supervised} Learning for Regression with {Co-Training} by Committee",
BOOKTITLE="19th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks",
ADDRESS="Limassol, Cyprus",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="semi-supervised learning, regression, co-training, ensemble learning,
bagging, radial basis function networks",
ABSTRACT="Semi-supervised learning is a paradigm that exploits the unlabeled data in
addition to the labeled data to improve the generalization error of a
supervised learning algorithm. Although in real-world applications
regression is as important as classification, most of the research in
semi-supervised learning concentrates on classification. In particular,
although Co-Training is a popular semi-supervised learning algorithm, there
is not much work to develop new Co-Training style algorithms for
semi-supervised regression. 
In this paper, a semi-supervised regression framework, denoted by CoBCReg
is proposed, in which an ensemble of diverse regressors is used for
semi-supervised learning that requires neither redundant independent views
nor different base learning algorithms. Experimental results show that
CoBCReg can effectively exploit unlabeled data to improve the regression
estimates."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdE0900:Mobility,
AUTHOR="Shereen {Abd El-Hameed} and Hossam Faheem and Eman Shaaban and Said
Ghoneimy",
TITLE="{Mobility-Aware} {MAC} Protocol for {Delay-Sensitive} Wireless Sensor
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE SASN '09 The International Workshop on Scalable Ad Hoc and Sensor
Networks",
ADDRESS="St. Petersburg, Russia",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless sensor networks; medium access control; mobility-handling;
delay-reduction; energy-efficiency; simulation",
ABSTRACT="Most of the MAC protocols proposed for the wireless sensor networks (WSN)
assume sensor nodes to be static and therefore they usually fail or provide
very bad network performance in mobile sensor networks. Since WSN mobile
applications have become popular nowadays, there is a need for MAC
protocols that consider mobility. In this paper, we propose a
mobility-aware MAC protocol for WSN that can work with satisfactory
performance in both stationary and mobile sensor networks. Besides, most of
the WSN mobile applications are considered critical ones (e.g. a patient
assistance system which monitors patients’ health via wearable
bio-sensors). Such applications require very quick responses. So, in
addition to handling mobility, the proposed MAC protocol considers the
problem of latency as well. In summary, this paper proposes a WSN MAC
protocol (MD-SMAC) that is considered to be mobility-aware, delay-sensitive
and provides satisfactory level of energy efficiency. In addition, we study
the performance of the proposed MD-SMAC protocol by simulating it using the
NS-2 simulator and comparing it to other MAC protocols. The results show
that the MD-SMAC protocol outperforms other existing WSN MAC protocols in
terms of mobility-handling, delay-reduction, and energy-efficiency in
scenarios involving mobile sensors."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0901:Energy,
AUTHOR="Hady AbdelSalam",
TITLE="{Energy-Aware} Task Assignment and Data Aggregation Protocols in Wireless
Sensor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Special Session on Service-Oriented Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks",
ADDRESS="Las Vegas, USA",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Durability; Sensor Networks; Energy Efficient ; Reliability; Data
Aggregation; Lightweight",
ABSTRACT="In a typical sensor network environment, sensor energy is considered a
precious resource that must be used wisely and only if necessary.
Energy-unaware task assignment protocols can deplete the energy of some
sensors much more than they do for others. This results in reducing network
density around those heavily loaded sensors and eventually creates energy
holes that isolate the network into separated islands. These problems have
negative impacts on network durability and reliability. To avoid these
problems, we propose and evaluate a lightweight management protocol that
assigns tasks to sensors based on their energy so that energy consumption
is almost even among network sensors. In addition, we propose another
mechanism to aggregate data collected by sensors before sending them back
to the base station. Using simulation, we compare the lifetime achieved by
assigning tasks to network sensors using the proposed protocol against
another energy-neutral protocol. Simulation results verified that the
proposed approach increases network durability by balancing task load among
sensors."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0901:Media,
AUTHOR="Yousef Abdelmalek",
TITLE="Media Aware Caching Mechanism over differentiated services networks",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference - Entertainment
and Multimedia Networking",
ADDRESS="Las Vegas, USA",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Differentiated service networks, multicast",
ABSTRACT="Video transmission is becoming gradually more
essential part of the current internet; however before the
high video quality at the client side becomes a reality,
the best effort model has to vary its best effort to the
video characteristic flows. In this paper, we study such
mechanism which allows the sender application to mark
video packets based on its importance in reconstructing
the video. Passing such video frames to differentiated
services-enables network will increase the video quality
and treat the video frames based on its priority. Media
aware sub-layer has been deployed at the edge
differentiated services routers. The media aware sublayer
has the responsibility to cache only the high
priority video frames. We demonstrate through
simulation that the proposed mechanism decreases the
average packet delay, and decreases the packet loss.
This in turn produces video quality at the clients side
that is much better than that produced under the existing
techniques.
Index-Terms-Differentiated service networks, multicast
routing protocol, media aware, QoS, video
transmission."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0902:Multisensor,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abdelgawad",
TITLE="Multisensor Data Fusion Methods for Petroleum Engineering Applications",
BOOKTITLE="Sensors Applications Symposium",
ADDRESS="New Orleans, LA, USA",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Multisensor Data Fusion; Moving Average Filter;Fuzzy Art",
ABSTRACT="Small amount of sand in oil pipelines can result in significant erosion in
a very short time period. This Produced sand is a serious problem in many
production situations. Installation of a system to monitor and quantify
sand production from a well would be valuable to assist in optimizing well
productivity and to detect sand as early as possible. We present a
multi-sensor framework for sand detection. Wireless acoustic sensors are
applied in networked data fusion systems for sand detection. The framework
is designed to collect real time data from oil pipeline using acoustic
sensors and flow analyzer. Fusion was implemented using two methods; Fuzzy
Art (FA) and Moving Average Filter (MAF). A test bed was established from
ten acoustic sensors. The flow rate was monitored as well in order to
collect the data with the same flow rate.  For each acoustic sensor the
average percentage error between the observed sand rate and the actual sand
rate is very high and inconsistence. However, using the fusion methods, the
result shows that the average percentage error of the fusion methods is
decreased."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:Analytical,
AUTHOR="Imen Abdennadher",
TITLE="Analytical Derivation and {FEA} Validation of the Inductances of {CWPMM}",
BOOKTITLE="6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices",
ADDRESS="Djerba, Tunisia",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Permanent magnet machines, concentrated winding, inductance machines,
finite element analysis, electromagnetic torque.",
ABSTRACT="The paper deals with the derivation of the inductances of
permanent magnet synchronous machines equipped by distributed
windings and those equipped by concentrated ones.
A special attention is paid for the determination of the
leakage inductances. A case study is considered where
the stator magnetic circuit has the same geometrical parameters
for both machines. The calculated inductances
are compared to those yielded by FEA, which leads to a
good agreement. The obtained results show that the concentrated
winding machine has a direct inductance twice
greater than the one of the distributed winding machine,
which is of great importance for the extension of the flux
weakening range."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:Bifurcation,
AUTHOR="Saidi Abdelaziz",
TITLE="Bifurcation in power systems distribution networks integration variable
speed wind generator",
BOOKTITLE="6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices",
ADDRESS="Djerba, Tunisia",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Bifurcation, doubly fed induction generator, static load, dynamic load,
distribution network",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents a bifurcation analysis of power system distribution
networks taking into account   distributed induction generator and the load
frequency, voltage gradient and angle dynamics. The generator and load
dynamic interaction may trigger nonlinear phenomena in distribution
networks, such as voltage oscillations and the appearance of bifurcations.
The wind farm is a 32 DFIG represented by an equivalent synchronous model.
Three distribution network models are proposed: a differential -algebraic
equations model (DAE) with an infinite bus, a DAE model with a voltage
dependent static load and a DAE model with a fully dynamic load.
Bifurcation diagrams for the factor of impact the generator input
mechanical power, the loading factor and the reactive loading are obtained.
Bifurcation analysis has indicated the occurrence of Saddle node and Hopf
bifurcations. The bifurcation points indicated the interaction between wind
power penetration and static load. Bifurcation analysis has shown the
effect of the dynamic load on the dynamic stability of the network."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:Body,
AUTHOR="Mehrez Abdellaoui and Ali Douik and Kamel Besbes",
TITLE="Body tracking and motion analysis using hybrid model",
BOOKTITLE="6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices",
ADDRESS="Djerba, Tunisia",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Tracking; Object recognition; Motion analysis; Image sequence analysis",
ABSTRACT="In this paper we present a new approach for tracking movements of human
body in dynamic scenes. The body is characterized by a set of points of
interest (PI) issued from Harris corner detector where every one is
characterized by its local appearance and its position in each frame of the
video sequence. Tracking is achieved by template matching between PI in a
pair of consecutive frames in the sequence and is based on various distance
calculation criteria. Movement analysis is made by an intelligent
decision-making tool based on least squares method, able to estimate
direction and orientation of body motion."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:Comparative,
AUTHOR="Kouzou Abdellah and Mahmoudi {Moh.O} and Boucherit {Mohamed S.}",
TITLE="Comparative Study of the {SVPWM} {3-D} Algorithms Used for four-Leg
inverters",
BOOKTITLE="6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices",
ADDRESS="Djerba, Tunisia",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="SVPWM 3-D, abc frame, alpha-béta frame,four leg inverter",
ABSTRACT="- This paper deals with the comparative study of two families of algorithms
used in the SVPWM 3-D control of the four leg inverters. The aim of these
algorithms is the improvement of the quality of the output voltage and the
current absorbed by the load . on the other side the control of the fourth
leg currents, which presents the neutral current, this is important mainly
when the load is unbalanced and is generating an important amount of
harmonics components that can affect the neutral of the power source.The
comparison is based on the time execution,complexity and simplicity of
application and measurements."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:Destination,
AUTHOR="Yousef Abdelmalek",
TITLE="Destination Assisted Routing Enhancement {(DARE)} Protocol for Ad Hoc
Mobile Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Sarnoff Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Princeton , NJ, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Ad hoc, beacon packets, broadcasting, connection set up time, destination
trails, dynamic source routing (DSR), high mobility, mobile ad hoc network
(MANET), on demand routing, route discovery time, routing protocol.",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we propose destination assisted routing enhancement (DARE)
module as a generic add-on middleware to mobile ad hoc network (MANET)
protocols. The goal of DARE is to assist the routing protocol to establish
a path between the source and destination quickly with high reachability
probability by generating destination beacon packets, while considering the
dynamic characteristic of MANET and the need for low routing control
overhead. These beacon packets act like some form of trail packets to aid
in finding the destination.  In particular, beacon packets are generated
from the destination to move randomly in the network modifying routing
tables to favor some routes which leads to the source node. After a few of
these beacon packets being sent, the probability of route request packet to
intersect with one of the destination beacon packets increases. A
simplified mathematical model as a proof of concept is presented. We prove
that the probability of finding the path between the source and destination
using DARE outperforms the traditional routing technique. The DARE approach
is a generic approach and can be applied to most of the ad hoc routing
protocols. Specifically, dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) is used here
as a platform in this paper to demonstrate the DARE concept. The simulation
results show the potential of adding DARE middleware to DSR protocol to
achieve higher network performance in terms of throughput, route discovery
time, and connection set up probability. A route discovery time was
reported to be 40\% less than the original DSR in mobile ad hoc nodes. A
penalty of less than 5\% of the total routing traffic due to the
destination beacon packets is reported. Moreover, the results illustrate
the ability of the DARE to solve MANET’s routing challenging problems
such as high mobility, large size mobile network, and limited nodes energy."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdE0903:Double,
AUTHOR="Hany AbdEl-Raouf and Sulaiman Syed Zaheer and Yahia Antar",
TITLE="Design of Double Layered Metamaterial Antenna",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="3572-3574",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="A new Double Negative metamaterial antenna is presented. The design of the
unit cell is based on the Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line
model. The antenna resonates at different frequencies. One of these
resonant frequencies is the Zero-Order Resonance which depends mainly on
the equivalent circuit of the unit cell."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:Multi,
AUTHOR="Abdelhamid Abdesselam",
TITLE="{Multi-Resolution} {Fourier-Based} Texture Image Retrieval",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Information Science, Technology and
Applications (ISTA 2009)",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Multiresolution Analysis; Fourier Transform; Texture-based Image Retrieval",
ABSTRACT="During the last decades, several approaches were proposed to describe
texture contents of an image. In early research works, the texture features
were mainly extracted from the pixel space itself (Edge histograms,
Co-occurrence-based features). Later on, the focus was more on the use of
dual spaces (transform of pixel space) such as frequency space or spaces
resulting from Gabor and wavelet transforms. Recent studies on human visual
system showed that it can be modeled as a set of independent channels of
various orientations and scales, this finding motivated the proliferation
of multi-resolution methods for describing texture images. Most of these
methods are either wavelet-based or Gabor-based. In this paper we propose a
multi-resolution technique for characterizing and retrieving images which
works on the Fourier domain. Our approach differs from the work of [3]
since it applies global Fourier transform on a hierarchy of images of
various resolutions while their approach uses local (windowed) Fourier
transform of increasing sizes. The experiments we have conducted showed
that the multi-resolution approach improves the retrieval accuracy of the
similar method that uses the same texture feature vector but in a single
resolution. The experiments have also demonstrated that our Fourier based
multi-resolution technique outperforms many wavelet-based multi-resolution
techniques recently described in literature."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:PWM,
AUTHOR="Kouzou Abdellah and Saadi Slami and Mahmoudi {Moh.O} and Boucherit {Mohamed
S.}",
TITLE="{PWM} {AC/AC} Choppers Output Voltage improvment Using Particle Swarm
Optimization",
BOOKTITLE="6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices",
ADDRESS="Djerba, Tunisia",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="AC/AC Chopper,Power converter, Particle swarm, Optimization",
ABSTRACT="This paper deals with the improvement of the output voltage quality of the
AC/AC choppers delivered to the loads in a way to minimize the harmonics
continents and to increase the power factor of the voltage source. Indeed a
lot of works were done in this field using several algorithms to fulfill
the objective mentioned. In the present work the Swarm Particle
Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to achieve the minimization of the
harmonic continents of the deliver voltage, to improve the power factor of
the voltage source and finally to increase the control range of the outer
voltage ."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0903:SIW,
AUTHOR="Wael {Abdel Wahab} and Safieddin Safavi-Naeini and Dan. Busuioc",
TITLE="{SIW-} Series Fed {RDRA} Array System for {Millimeter-Wave} Applications",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="979-981",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="A simple, low cost novel series feeding scheme to rectangular dielectric
resonator antenna linear array (RDRA) is proposed at millimeter wave
frequency range. The coupling to resonator is achieved through narrow slots
cut on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) broad wall excited by the
waveguide dominant mode."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0904:Portable,
AUTHOR="Mohamed Abdel-Aty and Amr Oloufa and Helai Huang and Mohamed Ahmed and Hany
Hassan and Mohammad Yaseen Ekram Al-Ahad and Ahmed El-Nashar",
TITLE="Portable visibility warning system for the safety and efficiency of
highways",
BOOKTITLE="The 18th Intenational Conference for management of Technology",
ADDRESS="Orlando, Florida, USA",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=apr,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Patches of fog and wildfires have become a recurring problem for the safety
and operation of Florida highways or States with similar environment. The
most recent example is the 70 vehicle pileup on I-4 in Polk County in
January 2008, which caused 5 fatalities and many injuries, in addition to
shutting I-4 for extended time with very high cost. Hence, there is a need
to detect significant visibility reduction and develop means to convey
effective warnings in advance to drivers in an effective way. 

This paper presents an ongoing study of developing an innovative portable
visibility warning system by the Center of Advanced Transportation Systems
Simulation (CATSS) of University of Central Florida (UCF), in conjunction
with District 5 of Florida. Specifically, system architecture is described
in detail, which includes visibility sensor subsystem, warning subsystem,
power subsystem, communication subsystem and auxiliary subsystem for
traffic monitoring and visibility verification. This proposed system is
able to detect any reduction in visibility below certain thresholds that
would be considered hazardous for normal traffic flow conditions. Advisory
and control traffic management strategies, using variable massage signs
(VMS) with changeable warning massages and variable speed limits (VMS), are
integrated in the system to mitigate the visibility problems."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0905:Architecture,
AUTHOR="Berdai Abdellah and Jean-Yves Chouinard",
TITLE="Architecture itérative de faible complexité d'égalisation, d'estimation,
et de décodage pour les canaux multi trajets {à} évanouissements rapides",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="514-519",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Codage, Égaliseur adaptatif, Apprentissage, Fonction de coût,
Auto-corrélation / Coding, Adaptive equalizer, Training, Cost function,
Autocorrelation.",
ABSTRACT="Une procédure d'initialisation avec une nouvelle séquence
d'apprentissages périodiques pour la turbo égalisation incluant
l'estimation et le décodage de canal ont été proposées pour les canaux
multi trajets à évanouissements rapides. Dans cet article, l'égalisation
est assurée à l'aide d'un annuleur d'interférence et l'estimation de
canal est réalisée en utilisant la méthode de Valenti et Woerner. Quant
au codeur, ce dernier est de type LDPC dont la matrice de parité est
générée à partir des permutations circulaires d'une matrice d'identité
prédéfinie. Afin d'assurer l'adaptation entre l'égaliseur et le
décodeur, nous avons déterminé analytiquement l'expression de
l'information extrinsèque a l'entrée du décodeur. Un égaliseur
adaptatif utilisant une fonction de coût non linéaire a été proposé
afin d'offrir un taux d'erreur suffisamment faible pour l'initialisation.
L'architecture proposée est de faible complexité et permet de réduire
considérablement les effets de sélectivité tant fréquentielle et que
temporelle pour des canaux de Rayleigh multi trajets pour les fréquences
Doppler normalisées f\_m=f\_D T\_s=0.02 et 0.04."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdE0905:Detection,
AUTHOR="Samer {Abd El-Wahed} and Ahmed Elfatatry and Mohamed Abogabal",
TITLE="Detection of Plagiarism in Database Schemas Using Structural Fingerprints",
BOOKTITLE="The 7th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Rabat, Morocco",
PAGES="787-790",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Copyright infringement; Intellectual property; Plagiarism; Software
forensics; Database",
ABSTRACT="This research is concerned with plagiarism in software design.
Specifically, the focus is on database design. Generally, producing
plagiarized software may be done through illegal use of someone else's
source code or database design. Since it is hard to steal source code from
the original author(s), the database schema is usually easier to be viewed,
studied and hence plagiarized.
Efficient design of a database schema requires an understanding of the
application area, the data usage patterns, and the underlying database
management system. Stealing the effort of this step may be rewarding to
some. The main contribution of this paper is the suggestion of a software
tool for detecting plagiarized database schemas using structural
fingerprints of database tables."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0905:Multi,
AUTHOR="Yousry Abdel-Hamid and Fayez Gebali and T. Aaron Gulliver",
TITLE="A {Multi-Channel} {QoS} Model for Random Access Systems",
BOOKTITLE="Seventh Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research",
ADDRESS="Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="QoS;Random access;Markov chain",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we present a simple two-class QoS model for random access
systems.
We provide a practical mechanism for categorizing the available resources
into two distinct service classes prior to medium access. We use an
analytical Markov chain model to define the states and transitions, and
derive the system access success probability. This provides a mathematical
basis for an accurate model that can be efficiently used to determine the
resource allocation for each class.
This model provides a useful analytical tool for contention systems that
utilize random access for network entry, resource acquisition, and/or
contention-based data transmission, e.g. the IEEE 802.16 uplink contention
channel. We also study the trade-off between resources allocated and the
input traffic from each class.
For simplicity, we only consider two classes, however, the technique can
easily be extended to any number of classes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0906:Adaptive,
AUTHOR="Mai Abdelhakim and Mohammed Nafie and Ahmed Shalash and Ayman Elezabi",
TITLE="Adaptive Puncturing for Coded {OFDMA} Systems",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Signal Processing for Communications Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Adaptive Modulation-Coding, OFDM, WiMAX, MIESM, adaptive puncturing",
ABSTRACT="A scheme is proposed for adaptively changing the code rate of coded OFDMA
systems via changing the puncturing rate within a single codeword (SCW). In
the proposed structure, the data is encoded with the lowest available code
rate then it is divided among different resource blocks (tiles) where it is
punctured adaptively based on some measure of the channel quality for each
tile. The proposed scheme is compared against using multiple codewords
(MCWs) where the transmitter divides the data over tiles and encodes them
separately. We investigate two different adaptive modulation and coding
(AMC) selection methods. The first is a recursive scheme that operates
directly on the SNR whereas the second operates on the effective SNR value
that is obtained using Mutual Information Effective SNR Mapping (MIESM).,
We then compare our scheme to Per-Frame Adaptation (PFA) where we fix the
modulation and coding scheme (MCS) over the whole frame. We show via
simulations that when using the recursive rate selection method the SCW
scheme significantly outperforms the MCWs and the PFA. It is also shown
that applying the MIESM rate selection method, the PFA improves
significantly. We also introduce a novel interleaving method prior to
puncturing that improves the performance for certain restricted adaptation
mechanisms."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0906:Lightweight,
AUTHOR="Hady AbdelSalam and Stephan Olariu",
TITLE="A Lightweight Skeleton Construction Algorithm for {Self-Organizing} Sensor
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Ad Hoc and Sensor Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Infrastructure; skeleton ; Sensor Networks; Localization ; Clustering ;
Geographic Routing; Self Organizing",
ABSTRACT="Although, current technology enables an inexpensive massive production of
sensors, it raises numerous challenges on the protocols needed to interact
with these sensors efficiently. Several techniques have been proposed to
address each of these challenges individually (i.e. localization,
clustering, routing, aggregation ... etc). Instead of solving each of these
problems individually facing the same common challenges with each problem,
we propose to construct what we call a network skeleton that is constructed
immediately after network deployment and provides a topology that makes the
network more tractable and manageable. The skeleton provides sensors with
coarse localization information that enables them to associate their
sensory data with the geographic location in which the data was measured.
Moreover, it promotes a geographic routing scheme that simplifies data
communication across the network through skeleton sensors. By
hypothetically tiling the deployment area using identical hexagons, the
construction algorithm clusters sensors based on their locations into
hexagons. Skeleton sensors are chosen to be the closest sensors to the
centers of these hexagons. Simulation results show that the accuracy of the
proposed protocol to establish the skeleton is sufficient to make the
approach applicable for most WSN applications."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0906:Prolonging,
AUTHOR="Hady AbdelSalam",
TITLE="On Prolonging Network Lifetime By Adjusting {Sleep/Awake} Cycles in
Wireless Sensor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Six International Conference on Networked Sensing Systems",
ADDRESS="Pittsburgh, USA",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Prolonging ; Network Lifetime ;  Sleep Cycle ; Awake Cycle ;  WSN ;
Wireless Sensor Networks",
ABSTRACT="To save their energy, sensors spent most of their life in sleeping mode
waking up randomly for short intervals to achieve their tasks. While
performing their sensing and communicational obligations to the network and
due to the random nature of sleep and awake cycles, sensors are usually
assigned different workloads which in turn consume their energy unevenly.
Eventually, the energy of those heavily loaded sensors will be totally
depleted. This results in reducing network density around those sensors and
creates energy holes that isolate the network into disconnected islands.
These problems have their negative impacts on network durability and
reliability. To avoid these problems, we propose and evaluate a distributed
protocol that adjusts sensor sleep and wake up times based on the relative
differences between sensor energy and the energy of surrounding sensors.
Using simulation, we first show that during network lifetime, variations in
sensors energy can be very large compared to what can be achieved using our
proposed protocol. In addition to this, we show the impact of these
variations on the network lifetime measured in terms of the number of tasks
the network can perform."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0907:Adaptive,
AUTHOR="Mai Abdelhakim and Mohammed Nafie and Ahmed Shalash and Ayman Elezabi",
TITLE="Adaptive Puncturing and Rate Selection in {Single-Codeword} {Turbo-Coded}
{OFDMA}",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Napa Valley, California, USA",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Adaptive Modulation-Coding, Adaptive puncturing, MIESM, OFDM",
ABSTRACT="This paper proposes using adaptive puncturing for rate-adaptive OFDMA
systems utilizing turbo codes. The scheme is based on adaptively puncturing
a Single Code Word (SCW) and hence adaptively changing the rate within the
codeword. We compare the SCW against the Multiple Code-Words (MCWs) scheme
where different rates are obtained by separate encoding, puncturing, and
interleaving on a per-tile basis. Noticeable gains are obtained over the
MCW scheme due to the use of larger turbo block sizes and hence larger
interleavers. The SCW has around 1dB gain in goodput compared to MCWs, with
much improved BER performance. We also propose a novel rate selection
scheme for the SCW which we call Recursive Mutual Information Effective SNR
mapping (R-MIESM) and compare it against the conventional MIESM scheme. A
slight gain results but is expected to increase with optimizing the rate
selection thresholds in the case of the SCW scheme."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0907:Globallocal,
AUTHOR="Layeb Abdesslem and Souham Meshoul and Batouche Mohamed",
TITLE="A new Global/local algorithm for multiple sequence alignment",
BOOKTITLE="14th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications",
ADDRESS="Sousse, Tunisia",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Bioinformatics, multiple sequence alignment, Global/local algorithm",
ABSTRACT="We present a new algorithm to improve the accuracy of progressive global
alignments in the case of family including sequences with large NC-terminal
extension. This algorithm combines the global and the local pairwise
algorithms. It has been showed that the global methods often fail to locate
the flanking core blocks. In order to surmount this misalignment, we have
introduced the possibility of using both the local and global pairwise
algorithms in the traditional tree-based progressive alignment in order to
take part of their advantages in the progressive alignment process. In the
case of two sequences with large length difference, our algorithm uses the
local pairwise algorithm instead of the global pairwise algorithm. However,
in the case belonging sequences of similar length, it uses the global
pairwise algorithm. Experiments on a wide range of data sets have shown the
effectiveness of the proposed framework and its ability to achieve good
quality solutions."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0909:Almost,
AUTHOR="Mohammed Abdel-Hafez",
TITLE="Almost Exact Outage Capacity of Cooperative Relay Protocols in Wireless
Communication Systems over Nakagami-m Fading Channels",
BOOKTITLE="The 12th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia
Communications",
ADDRESS="Sendai, Miyagi, Japan",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="cooperative diversity, relay networks, multipath diversity, MRC, fading
channels, information capacity",
ABSTRACT="The outage capacity performance for cooperative wireless communication
schemes are investigated over independent nonidentical Nakagami-m fading
channels. The network consists of multiple dual-hop nonregenerative relays
to achieve the cooperative diversity with maximal ratio combining (MRC) at
the destination. Closed form expressions for the outage probability are
derived for both channel state information and fixed state information.
Simple and approximate solutions for the upper and lower bounds are also
derived. In this contribution, we derive general expressions for outage
probability for nonidentical with real valued fading parameters. In almost
all research done in this area, integer values were assumed so far. The
proposed mathematical analysis are complimented by numerical examples for
outage probability; including the effect of fading severity of the channel,
number of acting relays, and transmitted signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0909:Direct,
AUTHOR="Mohammad Abdeen and Mustapha Yagoub",
TITLE="Direct Automatic Generation of Mind Maps from text with {M2Gen}",
BOOKTITLE="TIC-STH Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics",
ADDRESS="Toronto, Canada, Canada",
PAGES="95-99",
DAYS=26,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="text processing; semantic; web mining",
ABSTRACT="A mind map is a diagram used to represent words, ideas, or other items
linked to and arranged around a central keyword or idea. Mind maps are used
to generate, visualize, structure, and classify ideas, and as an aid in
organization, study, project management,  problem solving, decision making,
and writing. It has been long used in brainstorming and as an effective
educational tool.
There are numerous tools in the market, either as freeware or as
proprietary software, that help users generate mind maps.. However, these
tools are more of mind map “editing” tools to help users project their
ideas from their minds into the tool mapping space. These tools also
provide a comprehensive library of images that suits the most popular mind
map types. The tools act as the media into which users projects the maps
that has already more-or-less matured in their minds.
In this work, we present a software tool that automatically generates mind
maps directly from text. This tool provides a prospect to transform many
literatures automatically into mind maps. One significant application of
this tool is education. Many students finds it easier to follow and
remember information presented in the mid map form rather than pure text"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdE0909:Unified,
AUTHOR="Reem {Abd Elhadi} and Hesham {El badawy} and Salwa Elramly",
TITLE="A Unified Approach for Performance Analysis in Mobile {WiMAX} Networks with
Adaptive Modulation and Coding Schemes Over Rayleigh Fading Channels",
BOOKTITLE="The 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications",
ADDRESS="Tokyo, Japan",
PAGES="3183-3187",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Mobile WiMAX, OFDM, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, ICI, Channel Estimation",
ABSTRACT="WiMAX technology is considered one of the most important solutions capable
to provide a Broadband Wireless Access in metropolitan areas. Mobility
issues have become challenging for the rollout for WiMAX networks in order
to compete against the other competitive technologies such as 3.5G and LTE.
In this paper, a unified approach to derive the overall BER and data rate
for mobile WiMAX (in uplink direction) will be introduced. This approach
will take into consideration different operational scenarios such as time
varying channels with different values of channel estimation precision
values, different number of subcarriers, and different symbol durations. An
analytical expression for the effect of ICI power on the bit error
probability and effective bit rate will be obtained for BPSK, QPSK, and
16QAM in presence of AMC.  This paper also investigates the effect of the
use of AMC techniques on the obtained system performance."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0911:Implementing,
AUTHOR="Omar {Abdel Aziz}",
TITLE="Implementing wireless communication between microcontrollers: using
Bluetooth",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless networks; Bluetooth technology; sensors actuators network.",
ABSTRACT="Several applications now days prefer wireless solution for reasons of
flexibility, easy deployment and mobility instead of wire connections. This
paper discuses the implementation of wireless communication between
controllers using Bluetooth wireless standard. The verification was done
through a simple experimental setup which includes the implement of
algorithm in the sensors /actuators network.
The algorithm demonstrates the operation of transmitting and receiving of
data packets in Bluetooth network."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0911:Particle,
AUTHOR="Kouzou Abdellah and Mahmoudi {Moh.O} and Boucherit {Mohamed S}",
TITLE="Particle Swarm Optimization Applied for the Improvement of the {PWM}
{DC/DC} Choppers Output Voltage",
BOOKTITLE="European Modelling Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Athens, Greece",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Particle swarm, Optimization, PWM dc/Dc Choppers",
ABSTRACT="The prsent paper deals with the improvement of the output voltage quality
of the DC/DC choppers  in a way to minimize the harmonics continents, to
decrease the conversion loses and to improve the control the average value
of the output voltage. Indeed a lot of works were done in this field using
several algorithms to fulfill the objective mentioned. In the present work
the Swarm Particle Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to achieve the
minimization of the harmonic continents of the deliver voltage, to minimize
the conversion loses  and finally to increase the control range of the
outer voltage."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0912:Interconnects,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abdellatif and Alaa {El Rouby} and Mohamed Abdelhalim and Ahmed
Khalil",
TITLE="Interconnects Parasitic Extraction Using Modified Genetic Algorithm",
BOOKTITLE="21th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM 2009)",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
PAGES="312-315",
DAYS=19,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Natural Optimization; Genetic Algorithm; Macro modeling; Parasitic
Extraction",
ABSTRACT="Three new Genetic Algorithm approaches are proposed and used to solve a
Curve fitting problem for Parasitic Extraction Macro-modeling application.
The first approach, Diagonal GA (DGA); is based on replacing the
traditional random population initialization method with a deterministic
diagonal-like one. The second proposed approach, Elite Condensation GA
(ECGA); is based on fine tuning the GA by explicitly condensing the
population around a number of elite individuals. The third proposed
approach, ECGA2, is a modified version of ECGA; that divides the population
into a number of sub-populations where each sub-population is composed of a
single elite and a condensed population around it. Then, it performs GA
operations on each of those sub-population separately before merging them
all into one population and keep repeating that divide-merging sequence.
The performances of the three proposed modifications of GA were measured
– on an extensive real data sets– and used along with the understanding
of the physical problem to offer various explanations of the theoretical
aspects of the new algorithms."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0912:Interconnects,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abdellatif and Alaa {El Rouby} and Mohamed Abdelhalim and Ahmed
Khalil",
TITLE="Interconnects Parasitic Extraction Using Modified Particle Swarm
Optimization",
BOOKTITLE="21th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM 2009)",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
PAGES="316-319",
DAYS=19,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Natural Optimization; Particle Swarm Optimization; Macro modeling;
Parasitic Extraction.",
ABSTRACT="Three new Particle Swarm Optimization approaches are proposed. We used
these approaches to solve a Curve fitting problem for Parasitic Extraction
Macro-modeling application. The first approach is called Wiggling PSO
(WPSO); it is an approach where we enforce the particles to vibrate in
their motion towards the best position instead of straight motion targeting
to larger the scanning area. The second one is called Incrementally Social
PSO (ISPSO) which has a variable weight for the social term (xg-xl). This
variability enabled us to change the social relationship between the
particles from highly repulsive to highly attractive. Finally, we proposed
a new Control inspired approach called PID-PSO, where we dealt with PSO
motion, as a process needs a controller to be optimized. Many researchers
use PSO to tune PID parameters but in this context we used PID to tune PSO
motion. Performances were measured on extensive real data sets provided by
Mentor Graphics. Based on our understanding of the physical background of
the method, various explanations of the theoretical aspects of the new
algorithms are presented."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0912:Joint,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abdelkader and Shahram Shahbazpanahi and Alex Gershman",
TITLE="Joint Subcarrier Power Loading and Distrbuted Beamforming",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor
Adaptive Processing",
ADDRESS="Aruba, Dutch Antilles, The Netherlands",
PAGES="105-108",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Asynchronous relay networks; Cooperative communications, network",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we consider an asynchronous relay network where different
relaying paths are subject to different propagation delays thus causing
inter-symbol-interference (ISI) at the destination. To eliminate such an
ISI,
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is deployed at the source
and
destination but not at the relays. In fact each relay performs a simple
amplify-and-forward operation: it multiply its received signal with a
complex coefficient. We model such a network as a multipath channel where
the
equivalent channel impulse response can be carefully adjusted through
optimal
design of the relay complex weights. Based on this model, we use a max-min
fair
design approach where the smallest of the subcarrier SNRs is maximized
subject
to individual constraints on the source and relay transmit powers. Our
numerical results show that the proposed asynchronous scheme achieves SNRs
which are only $2$~dB lower than those achieved by the synchronous scheme
where
the relays perfectly compensate their corresponding delays."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0912:Local,
AUTHOR="Maha {Abdel Haq}",
TITLE="A Local Intrusion Detection Routing Security Protocol",
BOOKTITLE="9th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MANET, AODV, LID-RS, SID-RS, Black hole attack.",
ABSTRACT="Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless nodes that are
distributed without relying on any existing network infrastructure. The
best known routing protocols of MANET were designed to accommodate the
properties of a self organised environment but were not supported to be
protected against any inside or outside threats. In this paper we propose a
Local Intrusion Detection-Routing Security (LID-RS) protocol to detect
black hole attack over MANET. LID-RS is extended from Adhoc on Demand
Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol to make it effective in the
measurements of both security and networks. In LID-RS protocol, the
intrusion detection is performed locally using the previous node from the
intermediate node instead of performing the intrusion detection via the
source node as in Source Intrusion Detection-Routing Security (SID-RS)
protocol. By performing LID-RS, the security mechanisms overhead would be
decreased. Simulation results using Glomosim simulator show that the
improvement ratio of the throughput gained by LID-RS is 2.1\%. The overall
improvement reduction in the end-to-end delay and routing overhead are 14\%
and 5.5\% respectively."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abde0912:Wireless,
AUTHOR="Omar {Abdel Aziz}",
TITLE="Wireless Adaptive Voltage Regulator for {WVR}",
BOOKTITLE="Third Asia-Pacific Embedded Systems Education and Research Conference",
ADDRESS="Singapore, Singapore",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The demands of the wireless network in applications is required now days
for some reasons such as; flexibility, mobility and deployment.
The control system is usually consisting of sensors and actuators for this
reason there is a popular topic this days known by WSAN (wireless sensors
actuator network).voltage regulation is one of the main parameters in
control system and it can be used for controlling some Actuators as DC and
servo motors.
 This paper shows an adaptive voltage regulator can be used as DC motor
driver, this voltage regulator was developed for the WVR (wireless
voltmeter/voltage regulatory control) applying the fuzzy control for this
operation.
We designed a new commands API (Application programming interface) to
facilitate for the developer the interfacing with WVR wirelessly."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdH0911:Carbon,
AUTHOR="Mohd Ikram {Abd Halim} and Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi and Zaharah Johari and
Desmond Chek and Razali Ismail",
TITLE="Carbon Nanoribbon Carrier Statistics in Non-parabolic region of band
structure",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Graphene Nanoribbon; carrier statistics; non-parabolic band structure;
Fermi energy.",
ABSTRACT="Abstract: Carbon nanoribbon (CNR) is unrolled single-walled of carbon
nanotube. The band energy of CNR near to the minimum band energy is
parabolic. However it’s not parabolic in other regions. In the parabolic
band structure Fermi-Dirac Integrals for carrier study are sufficient,
because tabulated solutions are available. On the contrary, for
non-parabolic condition density of state and carriers velocity proportion
of numerical integrals those are different from Fermi integrals. The
carrier statistics to all degeneracy level is presented and its limits
obtained. In the nondegenrate regime the results reproduce what is expected
from, the Boltzmann statistics. However, the results differ in degenerate
regime. The Fermi energy with respect to the transformed conduction band
edge is a function of carrier concentration. Given density of state the
carrier concentration is obtained based on the Numerical method as an
alternative for Fermi – Dirac integrals that we call it Carbon nanoribbon
Fermi integral. Fermi energy with respect to band edge is function of
temperature that independent of the carrier concentration in the
nondegenrate regime. In the other strongly degenerate, the Fermi energy is
a function of carrier concentration appropriate for given dimensionality,
but is independent of temperature. On the other hand in nondegenerate
regime for total part of the band structure carrier velocity limit has been
presented."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdi0909:Multiuser,
AUTHOR="Mohammad Abdizadeh and Ali Jafarnia",
TITLE="Multiuser Power Allocation in Downlink of Cooperative {CDMA} Networks",
BOOKTITLE="The 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications",
ADDRESS="Tokyo, Japan",
PAGES="546-550",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Cooperative networks, dowlink CDMA, Precoding",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we study the downlink of cooperative Direct-Sequence Code
Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) systems, where a set of Mobile Terminals
(MT) cooperate with the purpose of improving their downlink communications
reliability with the Base Station (BS). For combating multiple-access
interference (MAI) as well as transferring complexity and spatial
processing from the mobile terminals to the transmitter of BS, multiuser
transmitter precoding is considered. In addition to multiuser precoding
based on Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) criterion for mitigating MAI, the
proper transmission power control strategy under a fixed total power
constraint is proposed and analyzed. Compared with equal transmission power
assigning where BS and cooperative terminals transmit with the same power,
the proposed power allocation scheme enables significant performance gain
at the destination. Finally, simulation results demonstrate acceptable
performance of the proposed multiuser precoding algorithms and power
allocation schemes in synchronous DS-CDMA systems."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdL0911:Utilizing,
AUTHOR="Norizal {Abd Latif} and Mohd Fadzil Hassan and Mohd Hilmi Hasan",
TITLE="Utilizing Electronic Institution For Protocol Specification In
{Agent-Based} {E-Learning} System",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Electronic Institution; E-learning; Interaction Protocol, Agent-Based;
Electronic Institution Integrated Development Environment;",
ABSTRACT="This paper describes the specification of interaction protocol for
automating the document downloading and notification in the e-learning by
adopting the Electronic Institution (EI) infrastructure. This interaction
protocol is designed using specific tool called ISLANDER editor which is
one of the Electronic Institution Integrated Development Environment (EIDE)
components. The idea of designing this interaction protocol is believed can
eliminate the tendency of students from missing out the latest updates
available in their e-learning. Furthermore, with the adoption of
agent-based environment for e-learning will add a new feature to the
existing e-learning in a way of assisting a busy lifestyle of students to
hand over the task of downloading lecture materials and checking the latest
announcements available in the e-learning to the software agent straight to
their desktop. Hence, the students will not miss any important
announcements or latest learning materials uploaded by their lecturers.  In
this paper, we are only focusing and describing the process of specifying
interaction protocol using ISLANDER editor."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdM0000:Results,
AUTHOR="Mohd Fareq {Abd Malek} and James Lucas and Yi Huang",
TITLE="Results of a novel X-band pre-bunched free electron maser",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Loughborough Antennas \& Propagation Conference",
ADDRESS="Burleigh Court Conference Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Pre-bunching; X-band; Velocity modulation; Free electron maser",
ABSTRACT="We have developed a prototype free electron maser
that is compact and powerful. The design, set-up and results of
a novel X-band rectangular waveguide pre-bunched free
electron maser (PFEM) are presented in this paper. Our device
operates at 10 GHz, with 10 mWatt seeding input power and
employs two rectangular waveguide cavities (one for velocity
modulation and the other for energy extraction). The electron
beam used in this experiment is produced by Thoria coated
Iridium filament which can operate at 3 kV and up to 5 mA
beam current. The effect of the aperture on the power leaking
out of the waveguide is also analyzed. The TE10 mode
propagation of the EM standing wave is used to pre-bunch the
electron beams in the input cavity. The bunched electron beams
are in the same phase as they interact with the TE10 mode
propagation of the EM standing wave in the output cavity."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdM0911:Control,
AUTHOR="Arhami {Abd. Mutalib}",
TITLE="Control and Stability Analysis of a Small {Air-Land-Water} Vehicle",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Small vehicle control; Stability analysis; Two-time scaleanalysis; Linear
control; Non-linear control",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, a theoretical method for analyzing the control and stability
of a small air-land-water vehicle is presented. It is based on both linear
and on-linear control laws. A two-time scale decomposition of the vehicle
dynamic has been used to analyze the dynamic behavior of the system. The
stability of the fast dynamics is demonstrated by means of a Lyapunov
function. The performance of the control model is evaluated under various
maneuvers on land, air, and surface of the water conditions through pure
computer simulations. The result stated that the control laws govern the
control mechanism of the small air-land-water vehicle according to the
changes in the medium, position and orientation of the vehicle."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdo0903:Theoretical,
AUTHOR="Wafa Abdouni and Anne-Claude Tarot and Ala Sharaiha",
TITLE="Theoretical and Experimental Effective Parameters of Metamaterial",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="3214-3217",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The effective parameters ε and μ are fundamental quantities in the
conception of materials. We use the inversion and the field summation
methods to determine the effective permeability and permittivity of a
metamaterial structure. A prototype is realized and we compare the
theoretical to the experimental results."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdo0909:Effort,
AUTHOR="Hana' {Abdol Razak} and Abu Bakar Majeed and Mustafar Kamal Hamzah and
Habibah Hashim and Ngah Ramzi Hamzah",
TITLE="An Effort on Structuring the Contribution of Biomarker and Risk Factor of
Susceptibility to Alzheimer’s Disease",
BOOKTITLE="WC 2009 Post Deadline Poster Abstracts Submissions",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Structuring; biomarker; risk factor; AD",
ABSTRACT="Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the neurodegenerative disease characterized
by a loss of memory, a decline in ability to perform activities of daily
living, and changes in personality and behavior. Despite the absence of a
cure for AD, continuous researches for better way to treat the disease,
delays its onset, or prevent it from developing are growing faster. In this
study, a structure of most contributed factor towards AD being analyzed
between biomarker and risk factor of AD.  The percentage of susceptible to
AD was increase due to the raise of biomarkers and risk factors."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdo0911:Constructing,
AUTHOR="Hana' {Abdol Razak} and Abu Bakar Majeed and Mustafar Kamal Hamzah and
Habibah Hashim and Ngah Ramzi Hamzah",
TITLE="Constructing the Structure of Susceptibility to Alzheimer’s Disease by
Using Biomarkers \& Risk Factors",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Constructing; biomarker; risk factor; AD",
ABSTRACT="Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia due to
progressive brain disease. It still has no current cure and scientists
endeavor better ways to treat the disease, delay its onset, or prevent it
from developing.  This study aims to construct a structure of
susceptibility to AD by using biomarkers and risk factors.  The probability
of susceptibility to AD is enhanced by the presence of biomarkers and risk
factors."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdo0911:Training,
AUTHOR="Mohammadreza Abdollahi",
TITLE="Training {ANFIS} based on Particle Swarm Optimization",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Particle Swarm Optimization; ANFIS;  gradient decent",
ABSTRACT="This paper applies Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to tune the parameters
of an Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). Previous works
in this area, have focused on gradient-based or least square-based methods
to tune the ANFIS. In this work, PSO is utalized for tuinng of the
parameters in the antenceesdent part of the ANFIS. We use ths proposed
method to control a complex plant model and compare it with the gradient
decent method. The simulation results show that the proposed method yeilds
more accurate adaptation, faster convergence and higher perfomace in the
control of a complex plant."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdR0910:MultiPoint,
AUTHOR="Shukor {Abd Razak} and Hassan Chizari and Majid Hosseini",
TITLE="{MultiPoint} Relay Selection Using {GA}",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="957-962",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Ad hoc Network; Genetic Algorithm; MANET; MPR; MultiPoint Relay; Maximal
Independent Set",
ABSTRACT="Multi-Point Relay (MPR) mechanism is a selection
algorithm to reduce the number of control packets in ad-hoc
network routing protocols. This study presents a new MPR
selection method using genetic algorithm (GA) while the MPR
sets follow the maximal independent concept. Although original
greedy algorithm works well in sparse networks, as MPR
selection is an NP-hard problem, the proposed method can
improve MPR selection phase in the presence of large number of
nodes. The simulation shows that our method obtains up to 35\%
more independent sets when node density is high and incurs less
memory usage, less power-consumption, and less retransmissions
due to interferences."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbdR0911:Online,
AUTHOR="Muhamad Ariff {Abd Rahim} and Irraivan Elamvazuthi and Noor Hazrin Hany
{Mohamad Hanif}",
TITLE="Online Monitoring of Palm Oil Mill Effluent",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Online Monitoring, Palm oil Mill Effluent, LabView, DAQ",
ABSTRACT="Discharge of poor quality effluents by the palm oil mill poses a serious
threat to water resources.  Since there are very few continuous monitoring
system of palm oil effluent, there is need to extend this to other palm oil
mills. The objective of the project is to develop an online continuous
monitoring system of palm oil mill effluent. The paper discusses the
development of a laboratory scale online monitoring system for palm oil
mill effluent. The system configuration that comprises of hardware and
software are described."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdr0911:Stochastic,
AUTHOR="Atef Abdrabou and Weihua Zhuang",
TITLE="On a Stochastic Delay Bound for Disrupted {Vehicle-to-Infrastructure}
Communication with Random Traffic",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Wireless Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Delay, multihop, vehicular ad hoc network, vehicle-to-infrastructure,
disrupted connectivity, road side unit placement",
ABSTRACT="This paper studies the multihop packet delivery delay in a disrupted
vehicle-to-infrastructure communication scenario, where no connected
end-to-end path exists between a vehicle and the nearest road side unit
(RSU). We present an analytical framework that takes into account the
randomness of vehicles' traffic and the statistical variation of the
disrupted communication channel. Our framework employs the effective
bandwidth theory and its dual, the effective capacity concept, in order to
obtain the maximum distance between RSUs that stochastically limits the
worst case packet delivery delay to a certain maximum value (i.e., allows
only an arbitrarily small fraction of the packets received by the farthest
vehicle from the RSU to exceed a required delay bound). Simulation results
demonstrate that our analytical framework is accurate in deploying the RSUs
at locations that probabilistically limit the worst case delay bound."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:"Convened",
AUTHOR="Muhammad Faiz {Abdul Kadir}",
TITLE={{"}Convened{"} - {MIMO} Beamforming Network Having Polarization Diversity},
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="1743-1747",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="These paper present a MIMO beamforming network that having polarization
diversity at both ends.The operating frequency is 2.4 GHz. Different
polarization and section array of the antenna will be measured throughout
this project. The correlation coefficient of polarization diversity (PD) in
MIMO environment channel will be constructed"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Cellular,
AUTHOR="Mouhamed Abdulla and Yousef Shayan",
TITLE="Cellular-based Statistical Model for Mobile Dispersion",
BOOKTITLE="14th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling, Analysis and Design
of Communication Links and Networks",
ADDRESS="Pisa, Italy, Italy",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Mobile Network; Hexagon Cell; Spatial Distribution; Stochastic Model;
Simulation",
ABSTRACT="While analyzing mobile systems we often approximate the actual coverage
surface and assume an ideal cell shape. In a multi-cellular network,
because of its tessellating nature, a hexagon is more preferred than a
circular geometry. Despite this reality, perhaps due to the inherent
simplicity, only a model for circular based random spreading is available.
However, if used, this results an unfair terminal distribution for
non-circular contours. Therefore, in this paper we specifically derived an
unbiased node density model for a hexagon. We then extended the principle
and established stochastic ways to handle sectored cells. Next, based on
these mathematical findings, we created a generic modeling tool that can
support a complex network with varying position, capacity, size, user
density, and sectoring capability. Last, simulation was used to verify the
theoretical analysis."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Convergence,
AUTHOR="Amin Abdul and Petru Lupas",
TITLE="Convergence of Frequency, Time and Data over Ethernet networks",
BOOKTITLE="International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement,
Control, and Communication",
ADDRESS="Brecia, Italy, Italy",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="SyncE, PTP, RSTP, Smart Grid",
ABSTRACT="this paper outlines one instance of frequency, time and data networks
convergence based on Ethernet technology which can be utilized in smart
grid in a cost effective manner.  The basic components of this network
convergence are Ethernet transport, Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)
[1], Synchronous Ethernet [2] and Precision Time Protocol version 2 (PTPv2)
[5].  RSTP provides loop-free active network topology. Synchronous Ethernet
provides the means to achieve frequency synchronization between peers.
PTPv2 provides the means of synchronizing the time between different nodes
on an Ethernet network. The mechanisms to distribute time, frequency and
data are different from one another, which results in different active
network topologies with respect to time, frequency and data. The driving
force behind much of this convergence work is to design a framework which
captures the information from individual building blocks and creates a
network model which achieves better accuracy and predictable network
settling time under network failure conditions without compromising
reliability, availability and simplicity of the network design."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Generation,
AUTHOR="Mohd Nizam Abdullah and Abang Annuar Ehsan and Sahbudin Shaari",
TITLE="Generation of Wavelengths in Triple {Wavelength-Fibre} Ring Laser",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Photonic Crystal Fibre,Four Wave Mixing",
ABSTRACT="We report the experimentally demonstrated an efficient source of wavelength
conversion. Tunable wavelength conversion is described by using photonic
crystal fibre. Inclusion of single pump, a signal is converted from an
arbitrary frequency to another one regardless of the zero dispersion
wavelength of the fibre. Selective conversion is also possible by adjusting
one of the pump light power  where one of the multiplexed signals is
selectively converted."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Harnessing,
AUTHOR="Mouhamed Abdulla and Yousef Shayan",
TITLE="Harnessing Simultaneously the Benefits of {UWB} and {MBWA:} A Practical
Scenario",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="508-513",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Application; UWB; MBWA; IEEE 802.20; Interference.",
ABSTRACT="UWB has a very large bandwidth in a WPAN network, which is best used for
HD-video applications. Meanwhile, MBWA is a WMAN option optimized for
wireless-IP in a fast moving vehicle. In this paper, we propose a practical
engineering scenario that harnesses simultaneously the distinctive feature
of both UWB and MBWA. However, this in-proximity operation of the
technologies will inevitably cause mutual interference to both systems. In
light of this, as a preliminary phase to coexistence, we have derived,
under various circumstances, the maximum interference power limit that
needs to be respected in order to ensure an acceptable system performance
as requested by the new IEEE 802.20 standard."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Modeling,
AUTHOR="Ahmad Abdullah and Fayez Gebali and Lin Cai",
TITLE="Modeling the Throughput and Delay in Wireless Multihop {Ad-Hoc} Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Ad Hoc Sensor and Mesh Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless; Multihop; Ad-hoc; MAC; Throughput; Delay; Transmission range;",
ABSTRACT="In wireless multihop ad hoc networks, the use of the RTS/CTS mechanism does
not completely eliminate the hidden-terminals problem. Consequently,
considering the hidden-terminals problem add more
complexity to the existing analysis found in single-hop networks. In this
paper, we provide precise and accurate analytical models for quantifying
the throughput and delay in wireless multihop ad hoc networks. The proposed
analysis is  applicable to many wireless MAC protocols and applications.
The results of our analytical models are compared with extensive NS-2
simulation results in which they show a good agreement. Using our analysis,
we show how the throughput and delay in wireless multihop ad hoc networks
are affected by the hidden-terminals. In addition, we reveal how the
transmission and interference ranges of the wireless devices affect the
network performance. These results are important for network planning and
protocol optimization in wireless multihop ad hoc networks."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Optimum,
AUTHOR="Omar Abdul-Latif and Peter Shepherd and Stephen Pennock",
TITLE="Optimum {TDoA/AoA} Data Fusion Positioning System for {Team-Sport} Players",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="data fusion, positioning, TDoA, AoA, UWB",
ABSTRACT="Ultra Wideband technology (UWB) is an emerging technology that has proven
to be quite suitable for short range applications. This paper is part of an
ongoing research for using UWB technology for positioning team-sport
players. The newly adopted scheme combines the Time Difference of Arrival
(TDoA) and the Angle of Arrival (AoA) positioning techniques in order to
enhance the accuracy of the positioning system. Simulation is conducted for
a number of “players” who are carrying RFIDs transmitting linear
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave signals to a number of receiving
antennas positioned around a football (soccer) playground. We investigate
the performance of UWB wireless systems using a novel Data Fusion technique
in a partially developed fading channel in the presence of AWGN. The main
goal is determine the best setup for the system to have the best
performance in terms of MSE between the actual location and the detected
location."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Performance,
AUTHOR="Nur {Abdul Razak} and Fatin Said and Hamid Aghvami",
TITLE="Performance of Relay Cyclic Delay Diversity in Multicarrier System",
BOOKTITLE="The 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications",
ADDRESS="Tokyo, Japan",
PAGES="2025-2029",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MIMO; OFDM; cooperative communication; cyclic delay diversity",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, the performance of a cooperative relaying scheme with cyclic
delay diversity (CDD) for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
(OFDM) system is investigated. The system under consideration consists of
multiple singleantenna
terminals acting as relays and cooperating to provide spatial diversity.
Cyclic shift is introduced at each relay and thus increase the frequency
selectivity of relay channels. To exploit a highly selective channel,
convolutional code is employed together with OFDM. Simulations demonstrate
the bit error performance of the proposed scheme with different numbers of
relays as well as performance in flat and frequency selective fading
channels. The performance of the system is also compared to conventional
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with CDD and a conventional
amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system. The results indicate that the
proposed scheme provides enhanced performance under various considerations."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Revisiting,
AUTHOR="Mouhamed Abdulla and Yousef Shayan and Junho Baek",
TITLE="Revisiting {Circular-Based} Random Node Simulation",
BOOKTITLE="The 2009 International Symposium on Communications and Information
Technologies",
ADDRESS="Songdo-iFEZ ConvensiA, Incheon, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Simulation, Spatial Distribution, Path-Loss",
ABSTRACT="In literature, a stochastic model for spreading nodes in a cellular cell is
available. Despite its existence, the current method does not offer any
versatility in dealing with sectored layers. Of course, this needed
adaptability could be created synthetically through heuristic means.
However, due to selective sampling, such practice dissolves the true
randomness sought. Hence, in this paper, a universal exact scattering model
is derived. Also, as an alternative to exhaustive simulation, a generic
close-form path-loss predictor between a node and a BS is obtained.
Further, using these results, an algorithm based on the superposition
principle is proposed. This will ensure greater emulation flexibility, and
attain a heterogeneous spatial density."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Robust,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abdurrhman",
TITLE="Robust Transmission of {H.264/AVC} video using {64-QAM} and unequal error
protection",
BOOKTITLE="Second Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference",
ADDRESS="Gdansk, Poland",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="H.264/AVC , video over wireless , Hierarchical QAM , unequal error
protection",
ABSTRACT="Robust transmission of H264/AVC coded video using hierarchical quadrature
amplitude modulation (HQAM), which takes into consideration the
non-uniformly distributed importance of  frames in a group of pictures
(GOP)  intracoded  (I-frames) and predictive coded frames (P-frames) as
well as the sensitivity of the coded bitsream against transmission errors.
Unequal error protection is based on uniform and non-uniform HQAM
constellations in conjunction with different scenarios of splitting the 
bits of transmitted symbol for protection of the more important information
of the video content. The performance of the transmission system is
evaluated under additive Gaussion Noise (AWGN) conditions."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0000:Uplink,
AUTHOR="Anzil {Abdul Rasheed} and Simone Redana and Jyri {Hämäläinen} and
Bernhard Raaf",
TITLE="Uplink Resource Partitioning in Relay Enhanced {LTE-Advanced} Networks",
BOOKTITLE="The 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications",
ADDRESS="Tokyo, Japan",
PAGES="1502-1506",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="LTE Release 8, LTE-Advanced, Relay Deployment, Uplink Resource Allocation,
Grouped Reuse",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents the Uplink (UL) performance of Long Term Evolution -
Advanced (LTE–Advanced) cellular networks upon Relay Node (RN)
deployment. The uplink interference upon deploying relays is analyzed, and
a resource allocation scheme based on user grouping is proposed to mitigate
the interference and improve system performance. Simulation results for the
proposed resource allocation scheme reveals that the throughput experienced
by the User Equipment (UE) upon relay deployment is clearly better than the
throughput in conventional macro cellular deployments. Also, an improvement
in UE battery life is foreseen."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Circular,
AUTHOR="Khaizuran Abdullah",
TITLE="Circular {16-QAM} Modulation Scheme for Wavelet and Fourier Based {OFDM}
Systems",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Circular 16-QAM;Square 16-QAM;Fourier based OFDM;wavelet-based OFDM.",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we have derived the circular 16-QAM constellation and apply
it in Fourier and wavelet based OFDM systems. In order to derive the
circular scheme, we first begin with the derivation of the square scheme as
the scale of
measurement for the purpose of comparisons. It is found out that the power
consumption of the circular constellations is lower than the square signals
by -2.71dB for a similar minimum distance of 2. To further claim our
result, we extend the work using Fourier and wavelet based OFDM systems.
The results showed that the circular constellation signals have performed
slightly better than the square in terms of BER performance for different
subcarriers in Fourier based OFDM system. When applying to the wavelet
based OFDM, the circular scheme has also performed slightly less errors
using different wavelet families."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:DWT,
AUTHOR="Khaizuran Abdullah",
TITLE="On the {DWT-} and {WPT-} {OFDM} versus {FFT-OFDM}",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Discrete Wavelet Transform;Wavelet PacketTransform;Fourier-based
OFDM;wavelet-based OFDM.",
ABSTRACT="We demonstrate simulation approaches for wavelet based OFDM, particularly
in DWT and WPT-OFDM as alternative substitutions for Fourier based OFDM. We
begin by constructing the models of the inverse and forward transforms,
which can be flexible for substitutions in an OFDM system. We explain in
detail each model and study the BER performance. The wavelet based OFDM
(DWT-OFDM and WPT-OFDM) is assumed to have orthonormal bases properties and
satisfy the perfect reconstruction property. We use different wavelet
families and compare with conventional FFT-OFDM system. We found that the
DWT-OFDM platform is superior as compared to others as it has less error
rate, especially when it uses ior5.5 or rbior3.3 wavelet family."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Extracting,
AUTHOR="Lili Abdullah",
TITLE="Extracting and Integrating Multimodality Features for Video",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Information Science, Technology and
Applications (ISTA 2009)",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="data extraction, multimodality, video retrieval and detection.",
ABSTRACT="This work discusses the application of an Artificial Intelligence technique
called data extraction and a process-based ontology in constructing
experimental qualitative models for video retrieval and detection. We
present a framework architecture that uses multimodality features as the
knowledge representation scheme to model the behaviors of a number of human
actions in the video scenes. The main focus of this paper placed on the
design of two
main components (model classifier and inference engine) for a tool
abbreviated as VSAD (Video Action Scene Detector) for retrieving and
detecting human actions from video scenes. The discussion starts by
presenting the workflow of the retrieving and detection process and the
automated model classifier construction logi c. We then move on to
demonstrate how the constructed classifiers can be used with multimodality
features for detecting human actions.
Finally, behavioral explanation manifestation is discussed. The simulator
is implemented in bilingual; Math Lab and C++ are at the backend supplying
data and theories while Java handles all front-end GUI and action pattern
updating."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Genetic,
AUTHOR="Rasha Abdul-Wahab",
TITLE="Genetic Algorithm in Web Search Using Inverted Index Representation",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Web Mining, Genetic Algorithm, Inverted Index, AI",
ABSTRACT="This paper proposes genetic-based algorithm that
uses inverted index model as a preprocessing step called GAWS.
It is used as a method for finding best set of documents related to
the entered user keywords. These keywords are divided into three
types: main keywords, should exist keywords and should not exist
keywords. Different sets of data are used to evaluate GAWS each
of which is double of the initial space size. Experimental results
show that GAWS demonstrate high quality and also found be
competitive with the standard search engines."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Miniaturization,
AUTHOR="Muhammad Ezanuddin {Abdul Aziz} and Ping Jack Soh and Sooliam Ooi",
TITLE="Miniaturization and Broadbanding Techniques for Folded Meander Line
Microstrip Antennas",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology - Small Antennas and
Novel Metamaterials",
ADDRESS="Santa Monica, California, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Microstrip antennas, meanderline antennas, broadband antenna, antenna
miniaturization",
ABSTRACT="A Folded Meander Line Antenna (FMLA) had been designed to operate in WLAN
b/g band. The design of this antenna is utilized through the usage of
Folded Meander Line. Via will be used to increase the bandwidth for this
antenna and at the same time implementing proximity coupled method. These
well known techniques are used to demonstrate its effectiveness in this
antenna design. Design show increased efficiency and effectiveness of the
antenna in WLAN application."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Performance,
AUTHOR="Omar Abdul-Latif and Jean-Pierre Dubois",
TITLE="Performance of a {UWB} System in a Partially Developed Fading Channel with
{CCI}",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="CCI;diversity  combining;MAI;RMSGC;UWB",
ABSTRACT="Ultra Wideband  technology  (UWB)  is an  emerging technology that has
proven to be quite suitable for short range  applications.  This  paper  is
 part  of  an  ongoing research  for using UWB  technology  for positioning
and remote  sensing  biometric  information  for  team-sport players on a
pitch, Simulation is conducted for a number of  “players”  who  are 
carrying  RFIDs  transmitting signals  with  biometric  information  data 
about  each player  to  a  number  of  receiving  antennas  positioned
around  the  field.  We  investigate  the  effect  of  multiple access 
interference  (MAI)  on  the  performance  of UWB wireless  systems  using 
a  novel  MISO  diversity combining  scheme.  The  main  goal  is  to 
determine  the number of  interferers  that  the system can handle before
producing  an  unacceptable  Quality  of  Service  (QoS).  The  results 
show  that, due  to UWB  low power  spectral density  characteristics,  the
 system  can  handle  a relatively large number of interferers."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Proposed,
AUTHOR="Laith Abdul-Rahaim and Ali Ali",
TITLE="Proposed Realization of modified {FRAT} Based {OFDM} Transceiver",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="FFT/IFFT module, OFDM systems, DWT/IDWT, ridgelets, Radon transform",
ABSTRACT="Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), has drawn a lot of
attention in mobile radio communications. The Finite Radon transform (FRAT)
was chosen in the OFDM structure to serve as a data mapper instead of the
conventional data mapping techniques like QPSK and QAM schemes. The Fourier
domain approach was found to be the more suitable way for obtaining the
forward and inverse FRAT. This structure has result in a more suitable
realization of FFT-based OFDM. It was shown that it increased the
orthogonality significantly due to the use of IFFT twice, in the data
mapping and in the sub-carrier modulation. As a result, a modification has
been performed in this work by replacing (1D and 2D-FFT) by (1D and 2D-DWT)
in FRAT and IFRAT. This modification gave a significant improvement in the
BER performance in comparison with the conventional OFDM and conventional
FRAT."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Three,
AUTHOR="Mohamad {Abdul kadir} and Saad Mekhilef and Hew {Wooi Ping}",
TITLE="{Three-Stage} 18-Level Hybrid Multilevel Inverter With Novel Control
Strategy",
BOOKTITLE="6th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices",
ADDRESS="Djerba, Tunisia",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Converters; Multilevel inverters; DSP control; Pulse width modulation.",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents a multilevel multistage inverter design and its
corresponding control strategy. The hybrid inverter has a high voltage
stage composed of the six-switch conventional three phase inverter with its
output connected in series with the outputs of three-level H-bridge medium
and low voltage stages. The voltage ratio has been selected to enable both
one state approximation and PWM control modes effectively. The suggested
control strategy has been developed to ensure minimum switching losses
focusing on holding the higher voltage stage state as long as it is
feasible. The reference voltage vector has been approximated to the nearest
of the 919 vectors provided by the 18-level inverter. A special definition
of state zone has been introduced for the low voltage stage to enable the
achievement of the reference vector with minimum error. The proposed
control strategy has been tested and its short computational time and low
memory requirement has been proven."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0903:Transmission,
AUTHOR="Omar Abdul-Latif and Peter Shepherd and Stephen Pennock",
TITLE="{Transmission-Power} vs. {BER} in {UWB} Wireless Telecommunication System",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="diversity combining; Transmission Range; partially developed fading; RMSGC;
UWB",
ABSTRACT="Ultra Wideband technology (UWB) is an emerging technology that has proven
to be quite suitable for short range applications. This paper is part of an
ongoing 
research for using UWB  technology for positioning team-sport players on a
playing area, Simulation is conducted for a number of “players” who are
carrying RFIDs transmitting signals with biometric information data about
each player to a number of receiving antennas positioned around the field.
We investigate the performance of UWB wireless systems using a novel
partially developed fading  channel and a novel SIMO diversity combining
scheme with respect to the transmission range of the UWB devices. The main
goal is to determine the required transmission power in order to get an
acceptable QoS over the covered area in which the players are being
tracked. The results showed that, UWB system is an excellent choice for
such short-range applications."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0905:Iterative,
AUTHOR="Mohd Abdullah and Saeed Binajjaj and Tareeq Zanoun",
TITLE="Iterative and Single-step Solutions of Multi-offset Ultra Wide Band Data in
the Time Domain",
BOOKTITLE="International Workshop on Imaging Systems and Techniques",
ADDRESS="ShenZhen, P.R. China",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Electromagnetic tomography, ultrawide band, FDTD, inverse problem",
ABSTRACT="This paper deals with the inverse scattering of the ultra wide band (UWB)
tomography used in the  reconstruction the dielectical properties of the
unknown targets in 2D. The image reconstruction algorithm is based on the
gradient minimization of an augmented cost function defined as the
different between measured and calculated fields. The computation requires
two successive steps: (i) direct and (ii) adjoint solutions. The
forward-backward time stepping algorithm, implementing the
finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with Mur’s absorbing
boundaries is employed in both steps. The imaging  algorithm is based on
non-linear optimization technique from which the single-step and iterative
inversion schemes are derived.  The experimental results demonstrate that
the algorithms can resolve features whose sizes are comparable to the half
wave-length even though scaterring data are collected only from limited
view angles."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0907:Propsed,
AUTHOR=" {Abdul Hassan}",
TITLE="propsed motion planning method for single mobile robot using Petri nets
t-invariants",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="motion ;planning ;mobile robot;  Petri nets ;t-invariants",
ABSTRACT="Abstract.
 This paper presents a method for single mobile robot motion planning. This
method based on cell decomposition motion planning approach  for single
mobile robot motion planning which require simple computation and it will
find path from any start point to any goal position in the workspace if one
exist. As in cell decomposition we will divide the 2D configuration space
into a set of reshaped cells of free space by using Petri net in which a
marking of free position places is the result of the decomposition of the
free space. An initial marking of free position places determine robot
current position and goal marking determine the robot desired position.
finally Petri net T-invariants computation  find all possible paths from
start position to the goal position."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0908:Effect,
AUTHOR="Anees {Abdul Aziz} and Nur Shazwany Zamani and Ahmad Sabirin Zoolfakar",
TITLE="The Effect of p-Type Doping of Polysilicon for {PMOS} Application",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper presents the effect of p-type doping of polysilicon for BF2+,
boron, gallium and indium at various doping concentration from 1011 to
1020(atoms/cm3) for PMOS device using SILVACO TCAD (Technology Computer
Aided Design) software.The threshold voltage of polysilicon obtain from
ID-VGS curve was analyzed. The results show that BF2+ at dose 1014 to 1019
(atoms/cm3) and gallium at dose 1013 to 1020 (atoms/cm3), both are giving
the better characteristics of the PMOS and give almost the same threshold
voltage at 1.0V to 1.3V."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0908:Impact,
AUTHOR="Nor Azlian {Abdul Manaf} and Mohd Sharizal Alias and Sufian Mousa Mitani
and Mohamed Razman Yahya",
TITLE="The Impact of Device Operating Temperature on the Performance of {1.3} μm
Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="vertical cavity surface emitting laser; thermal effect; numerical
simulation;",
ABSTRACT="INTRODUCTION
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) have established their
place in data communication application over traditional edge-emitting
lasers due in part to their single longitudinal mode output
characteristics. However, the nature of this characteristic drag thus
device to be extremely sensitive to thermal effect. VCSEL tend to generate
more heat per current compared to edge laser due to the resistivity of the
DBR stacks. The optical length of the spacer region between the two DBRs
sets the resonance wavelength of the laser and the refractive index with
function of temperature. So as the temperature changes, the resonance
wavelength also changes. Both the peak gain and cavity resonance will shift
in the same direction with temperature but they shift at the different
rates. This leads to the phenomenon of thermal roll-over where the laser
becomes less efficient and produces less power for more current and as the
current increases. The higher operating temperature also leads the crystal
heating and band-gap shrinkage that cause the shift in the wavelength of
the peak gain. Lattice heating will heats the carriers, spreading out their
Fermi-Dirac distributions of carriers in the conduction band and thus
reducing the gain. In this paper, we will systematically studied and
further discuss the thermal effect on the devices characteristic, affecting
wavelength, maximum output power, threshold current and slope efficiency of
1.3µm VCSEL.  

DESIGN AND SIMULATION METHOD
The modeling of VCSEL structure and device is performed using Crosslight
PIC3D (Photonic Integrated Circuit Simulator) software. The VCSELs were
designed for double-intra cavity device configuration with 1.5 λ cavity.
Detail of the structure shown in Fig. 1. The device consist of quarter-wave
distribute Bragg reflector (DBR) stacks with 36 and 24 periods for the
bottom and top mirrors respectively. The laser active region consists of
triple quantum wells of Ga0.65In0.35N0.018As0.982 separate by GaAs barrier.
Transverse confinement for the top cavity is achieved with the 6µm oxide
aperture.The operating temperature have been varied from 30 to 105 0C. The
effect of device performance towards temperature will be discussed further.


Fig. 1:  The cross section of 1310 nm VCSEL epitaxial wafer structure


RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig 2 shows the emission spectrum of 1.3 µm VCSEL with different
temperature. The graph shows that the spectrum emits laser at 1310 nm,
which it follow the design wavelength. The emission spectrum of VCSEL also
shifted to the higher wavelength (red shift) with increasing of
temperature. It is clearly shown that the intensity of the spectrum
emission is decrease when the temperature increased from 30ºC to 100 ºC.
This decreasing is due to the fact that higher temperature especially more
than 60 ºC would affect negatively the performance of the VCSELs device. 
 
Fig 2. The emission mode spectrum various temperatures ranging from 30 ºC
to 100 ºC for 1.3 µm VCSELs

The graph in Fig. 3 shows that the highest output power is obtained at
operating temperature of 30 0C and the the intensity of LI curve is
decrease with increasing temperature. This is due to the phenomenon of
thermal roll-over. As the injection is increased, the cavity heats and the
Fabry-Pérot resonance and the peak-gain separate. The laser becomes less
efficient and produces less power for more current. 

Fig 3. Power variation with the injection current at various temperatures
ranging from 30 ºC to 100 ºC for 1.3 µm VCSELs


CONCLUSION
The 1.3 µm VCSELs was studied with variance of operating temperature. The
simulated results show that the lasing wavelength shows the red shift with
higher temperature. The threshold current varies parabolically while the
highest output power decrease with increasing operating temperature. 

REFERENCE
[1] S. Odermatt, S. Eitel, M. Pfeiffer, A. Bregy and B. Witzigmann,
“Physics of VCSELs: Temperature dependent modulation response”,
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on
Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, 2005. 19-22 Sept. 2005, pp.
25 - 26

[2] M. Jungo, D. Erni and W. Baechtold, “An efficient system oriented
VCSEL model including 2D modal dynamics and thermal effects,”
www.ifh.ee.ethz.ch/~erni/PDF\_Paper/LEOS02.pdf 

[3] D. Luerben, M. Farzaneh and J.A Hudgings, “Thermal lensing in
oxide-confined, single mode VCSELs” in CLEO ’06. Conference on laser \&
Electro optics, May 2006. 2006. Baltimore, MD, USA: Opt. Soc. America.

[4] A. C. Lehman and K. D. Choquette, “Threshold gain temperature
dependence of composite resonator Vertical-Cavity lasers”, IEEE J. of
selected topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 11 No.5, 2005, pp. 962-967."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0908:Wavelength,
AUTHOR="Mohd Nizam Abdullah and Sahbudin Shaari and Abang Annuar Ehsan",
TITLE="Wavelength Lasing in Fiber Ring Laser Stimulate {Four-Wave} Mixing",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Photonic Crystal Fibre, Four Wave Mixing, FBG",
ABSTRACT="A Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) is utilized in multwavelength conversion in
an oscillation. Eventhough the zero dispersion of the fibre is beyond
signal oscillation, we had successfully generated four wave mixing.
Inclusion of a signal, commercial EDFA and arrangement of Fibre Bragg
Grating (FBGs) side by side in oscillation, generates signal which
converted from an arbitrary wavelength to another one regardless of the
zero dispersion wavelength of the fibre. Switchable configuration is also
possible"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0909:Modeling,
AUTHOR="Husniyah Abdus-Salaam and Lauren Davis and Daniel Mota",
TITLE="Modeling Dependent Demand Arrivals within an {Open-Access} Scheduling
System",
BOOKTITLE="TIC-STH Symposium on Technology, Information and Knowledge Management",
ADDRESS="Toronto, Canada, Canada",
PAGES="256-261",
DAYS=26,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Dependent demand, batch appointments, open-access scheduling, Markov
decision process",
ABSTRACT="Within an open-access scheduling system, there is an associated risk of
managing the clinic’s capacity with the expected daily demand.  This
involves a process of limiting the likelihood of no-shows with prescheduled
appointments, while ensuring there are enough available slots for same-day
appointment requests.   A preliminary discrete-time, discrete-space,
stationary infinite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP) model is used to
study the impact that batch arrivals have on an open-access scheduling
system. The model will assist pediatric dental care providers in
determining whether or not to accept batch appointments, where patient
demand is dependent on one another.  The underlying assumption is that the
number of patients within the batch appointment is equal to half of the
clinic’s total capacity.  The objective is to maximize clinic’s
revenue, while also maintaining timely access to care for patients."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0909:Putting,
AUTHOR="Mohd Syaiful Rizal {Abdul Hamid}",
TITLE="Putting technology management principles into future contexts: What’s
new? Where next",
BOOKTITLE="4th European Conference on Technology Management",
ADDRESS="Glasgow (U.K.), United Kingdom",
DAYS=6,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Technology Management Principles; Future Contexts; Web 2.0 and Open Source
Movement",
ABSTRACT="PUTTING TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES INTO FUTURE CONTEXTS: WHAT’S
NEW? WHERE NEXT?
 
Syaiful-Rizal Hamid  (E-mail:mohd.abdul-hamid(at)strath.ac.uk) 
Umit S. Bititci (E-mail: u.s.bititci(at)strath.ac.uk)
Department of Design Manufacture Engineering Management (DMEM) 
University of Strathclyde

Viktor Dofler (E-mail: viktor.dorfler(at)strath.ac.uk)
Department of Management Science
University of Strathclyde
 
Abstract

Background (Purpose of this paper): 
This research is a part of Doctoral work to investigate the area of
technology management and attempt to predict technology movement and
business trends in the future. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is
to examine the importance of the present and predicted future social and
global trends. As such, this paper’s aim is to analyse, organise and
structure knowledge from an academic standpoint and offer potential
predictions for future research. In order to achieve this, the research
focuses on two issues:-

1.An overview of how today’s global issues and social trends will
continue into the future.
2.A discussion of how current Technology Management principles will be
affected by these trends.

In addition, the researchers have expanded the view of business trends to
include the predicted future business trends, which the researchers have
categorised as ‘future contexts’.

Design/methodology/approach 
A systematic literature review is carried out covering technology
management and business literature. Consequently, sixteen (16) drivers are
established as future contexts. Further, the potential impact of the
corresponding future contexts on the corresponding current technology
management principles are being mapped in the form of a Matrix. Nine
technology management principles are tested in this study. Figure 1
illustrates the future contexts. 

Figure 1: Mind Map of Future Contexts 
 
Source: Originated by authors (2009). 
Findings 
This paper identifies and explains the potential of technology management
principles and the new wave of technology management (TM 2.0), and their
effect on the future. Figure 2 below shows how the predicted future changes
shown in Figure 1 may impact on the current technology management
principles. Additionally, this research reveals the transition dynamic of
future contexts, which reflects the predicted movement of future changes
that may impact on the current technology management principles as they are
today.

Figure 2: Putting Current Technology Management Principles into Future
Contexts
 
(x) Identifies the potential impact of the corresponding future contexts on
the corresponding current technology management principles


 
The researchers believe that these principles will have the greatest impact
on the future of technology management. This idea is in line with Hamel
where in his recent book ‘The Future of Management’ he insists that
embracing new principles is essential for future management (Hamel, 2007,
p. 147). This also aligns with (Malone, 2004) who claims that the practise
of future work (i.e. networked organisations) must be built from
principle.

Research limitations/implications
The paper presented is a concept paper and the conceptualised ideas need to
be tested and verified in the next stage of progress. Hence, it is not
possible to carry out empirical study in technology management principles
into the future context. Therefore, the next step of this research is to
test and validate the proposed conceptual framework with real cases. 

Originality/value
Literature in technology management says very little about placing
technology management principles into future contexts. Even the principles
of technology management are rarely discussed in the literature. Therefore,
it is believed that the proposed concept and pertinent ideas in this study
are expected to be of high value for the researchers and practitioners in
exploring the future contexts of Technology Management. This study also
reveals what are the principles in technology management as of today and
attempts to answers what impact these principles might have in the future
(on Technology Management) and how future development (future contexts)
might affect current technology management principles. Further, this study
also leads to new insight on how this future vision is being realised in
real cases. 

Article type: Conceptual Paper  
Keywords: Technology Management Principles, Future Contexts, Web 2.0 and
Open Source Movement

References:

Hamel, Gary. (2007). The future of management. Boston: Harvard Business
School Press.
Malone, Thomas W. (2004). The future of work: How the new order of business
will shape your organization, your management style, and your life. Boston:
Harvard Business School Press.
Prahalad, C.K., Managing discontinuities: The Emerging Challenges. Research
Technology Management, 1998. 41(3): p. 14-22.
Ulhøi, J.P., Open source development: A hybrid in innovation and
management theory. Management Decision, 2004. 42(9): p. 1095-1114."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0909:Simple,
AUTHOR="Abror Abduvaliyev and Sungyoung Lee and Young-Koo Lee",
TITLE="Simple Hash based Message Authentication Scheme for Wireless Sensor
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="The 2009 International Symposium on Communications and Information
Technologies",
ADDRESS="Songdo-iFEZ ConvensiA, Incheon, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="authentication, keyed hash function, wireless sensor networks",
ABSTRACT="In this work, we propose simple hash based message
authentication and integrity code algorithm for wireless sensor
networks. The proposed scheme uses pre-shared secret key
which is obtained from Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellmann (ECDH)
key exchange algorithm, and is based on modified SHA-1
(mSHA-1) hash function which helps to compute message
authentication code for given messages. We suggest two
scenarios depending on scale of the network, and also analyze
security of the proposed algorithm. This algorithm provides
both integrity and authenticity of a message with only one hash
value."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0910:Development,
AUTHOR="Mohd Abdullah and Lee Yoot Khuan and Nina Madzhi and Marianah Masrie and
Anuar Ahmad",
TITLE="Development of Transduction Circuit for Piezoresistive {MEMS} Sensor for
Biosensing",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="679-683",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Piezeoresistive MEMS Sensor, Potentiometric, Transducer, Salivary Alpha
Amylase, Human Stress.",
ABSTRACT="This paper concerns the development of potentiometric transduction circuit
for a piezoresistive MEMS sensor to detect human stress. Biosensor is
comprised of a bioreceptor and a transducer. The sensing principle is based
on immobilization of the bioreceptor to produce a biochemical reaction. The
novel piezoresistive microcantilever sensor integrated with a transduction
circuit converts this biochemical event into a measurable electrical
signal. From previous work, it has been found that the level of alpha
amylase activity corresponds to human stress. The piezoresistive MEMS
sensing and transduction method are described, with enzyme concentration as
the input and voltage as output. The transduction circuit designed enables
the small change in resistivity due to the enzymatic reaction to be
detected. Testing on the circuit has been conducted and compared with
theoretical and simulation study."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0910:Exact,
AUTHOR="Mouhamed Abdulla and Yousef Shayan",
TITLE="An Exact {Path-Loss} Density Model for Mobiles in a Cellular System",
BOOKTITLE="The 7th ACM International Symposium on  Mobility Management and Wireless
Access",
ADDRESS="Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain",
DAYS=26,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Spatial Distribution, Simulation, Stochastic Modeling, Path-Loss.",
ABSTRACT="In trying to emulate the spatial position of wireless nodes for purpose of
analysis, we rely on stochastic simulation. And, it is customary, for
mobile systems, to consider a base-station radiation coverage by an ideal
cell shape. For cellular analysis, a hexagon contour is always preferred
mainly because of its tessellating nature. Despite this fact, largely due
to its intrinsic simplicity, in literature only random dispersion model for
a circular shape is known. However, if considered, this will result an
unfair nodes density specifically at the edges of non-circular contours. As
a result, in this paper, we showed the exact random number generation
technique required for nodes scattering inside a hexagon. Next, motivated
from a system channel perspective, we argued the need for the exhaustive
random mobile dropping process, and hence derived a generic close-form
expression for the path-loss distribution density between a base-station
and a mobile. Last, simulation was used to reaffirm the validity of the
theoretical analysis using values from the new IEEE 802.20 standard."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0910:Improved,
AUTHOR="Mohd Azri {Abdul Aziz} and Mohd Nasir Taib and Naimah {Mohd Hussin}",
TITLE="An Improved Event Selection Technique in a Modified {PSO} Algorithm to
Solve Class Scheduling Problems",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="203-208",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="scheduling, particle swarm optimisation",
ABSTRACT="In solving class scheduling problems, among the initial steps taken by
optimization algorithms is to generate initial solutions. These initial
solutions which are random or feasible will be improved iteratively to
obtain better solutions. In this iterative process, the re-assignment of
events to a new time slot and the selection of event to be re-assigned
plays an important role in assuring the re-assignment process manage to
improve the quality of the solutions. This paper proposes an event
selection technique namely Event Selection based on Selection Limit (ESSL)
applied in a modified PSO algorithm to solve class scheduling problems.
This technique was based on Tabu List used in Tabu Search algorithm. Using
this technique, the selection of event in each iteration step will be
limited based on percentage selection limit. Five percentage selection
limits plus adaptive limit were tested in order to see their effect towards
the final penalty of the solution. The performance of the proposed
technique was measured based on final penalty and execution time. Five sets
of data from International Timetabling Competition were used in the
experiment. The experimental results shows that ESSL with adaptive limit
managed to produce the highest percentage of penalty reduction and also the
lowest execution time. Furthermore, this technique also managed to reduce
the effect of early convergence which is known to be one of the weaknesses
of the original PSO"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0910:Improved,
AUTHOR="Wael Abdulal and Ahmad Jabas and Omar {Al Jadaan} and Sirandas Ramachandram",
TITLE="An Improved Rank-based Genetic Algorithm with Limited Iterations for Grid
Scheduling",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="215-220",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Genetic Algorithms, Rank, Grid Scheduling, Makespan, Heuristic.",
ABSTRACT="In most cases, the number of resources and tasks in Grid
Computing enviroment is large. Accordingly, the comlexity
of task schuduling is significally increased. This results very
complex optimization problem.
This paper proposes an improved Rank-based Roulette
Wheel Selection Genetic Algorithm (IRRWSGA) for
scheduling independent tasks in the grid environment. The
modified algorithm speeds up convergence and shortens the
search time, at the same time the hueristic initialization
of initial population using MCT algorithm allow the algorithm
to obtain a high quality feasible scheduling solution.
The simulation results, show that IRRWSGA has better
search performance than both IGA and standard genetic
algorithms in terms of both time and quality of the schedule.
IRRWSGA improves the reliability in the selection process
and produces an enhanced solution. Fast reduction
of makespan is a practical concern for grid environment.
Real-world scheduling problems may utilize this algorithm
for better results."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0911:Chemical,
AUTHOR="Wan Fazlida Abdullah and Masuri Othman and Mohd Alauddin {Mohd Ali}",
TITLE="Chemical {Field-Effect} Transistor with {Constant-Voltage}
{Constant-Current} {Drain-Source} Readout Circuit",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="chemfet; readout circuit; semiconductor device sensor; chemical sensor;
chemical noise",
ABSTRACT="Response of Chemical Field-Effect Transistor (CHEMFET) electrochemical
sensors are taken from the output of a readout interface circuit that
maintains constant drain- source voltage and current levels. We employ the
readout circuit for the purpose of supervised learning training data
collection. Sample solutions are prepared by keeping the main ion
concentration constant while the activity of an interfering ion varied
based on the fixed interference method. Results show that the voltage
response demonstrates linear relationship to the ion concentration within
the detection limit. However, noise in the form of abrupt and random
changes in DC levels reduces correlation and increases mean square error
between similarly repeated measurements. We find that referencing the
voltage response to the sensor response in DIW prior to measurement greatly
improves the repeatability.  The process of approximating ionic
concentration level is achieved up to 80\% recognition by feeding the
readout circuit output to a neural network post-processing stage."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0911:Effect,
AUTHOR="Anees {Abdul Aziz} and Nur Shazwany Zamani",
TITLE="Effect of The Various Doping Concentration of {BF2+} on Polysilicon-gate
{pMOS}",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper presents the effect of various doping concentration of BF2+ from
1e11 to 1e20 (atoms/cm3) for PMOS device using SILVACO TCAD (Technology
Computer Aided Design) software. It is seen that the effect of p-type
doping at certain level of dose significantly effects the performance of
the PMOS device. The threshold voltage (VT) of polysilicon obtain from
ID-VGS curve was analyzed. The results show that BF2+ at dose 1e14 to 1e19
(atoms/cm3) is giving the better characteristics of the PMOS and threshold
voltage at 1.0V.The resistivity of the polysilicon is gradually decreased
as a concentration of doping increase, while the conductivity is reciprocal
of the resistivity."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0911:Malaysian,
AUTHOR="Yona Falinie {Abdul Gaus} and Farrah Wong and Kenneth Teo {Tze Kin}",
TITLE="Malaysian Sign Language Recognition using Neural Network",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Image processing are used to extract relevant features of sign language
from video images of a person communicating in Malaysian Sign Language
(MSL). The key features are hand motion, hand location with respect to the
body, and handshape. Applying neural network for a translational system is
needed to facilitate communication between deaf and hearing people. The
centroids will be used as a feature vector as a training set of gesture.
With 39 sets of sign performing by 3 people, the implementation of Back
Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) in MATLAB will be used to recognize the
sign."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0911:QAM,
AUTHOR="Khaizuran Abdullah and Seyed Mehdi Lajevardi and Zahir Hussain",
TITLE="{QAM} Modulations over Wavelet based {OFDM} Channel for Facial Expression
Recognition",
BOOKTITLE="Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Canberra, Australia, Australia",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="QAM;Facial expression recognition;wavelet-based OFDM;DWT-OFDM",
ABSTRACT="Facial expression recognition (FER) has attracted significant
interest in the scientific community due to its importance for human
centred interfaces. This study compare the effect of different
modulation for person-independent facial expression recognition from
face images. The image is transmitted based on wavelet based OFDM
channel. Then, the higher order local autocorrelation (HLAC) is used
for feature extraction and the features are classified using the
naive Bayesian (NB) classifier. Six different facial expressions are
considered. Experiments carried out on Cohn-Kanade database shows
comparable performance between different modulation in received
images based on classification accuracy. BER performance is also
included to observe when FER is applied to the wavelet based OFDM
channel in two different QAM modulations, 4- and 16-QAMs. It is
shown that the biorthogonal wavelet family of bior5.5 of 4-QAM
outperforms db2 of 4-QAM. When the system uses 16-QAM, the BER
result also shows that bior5.5 is better than db2."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0912:Optimization,
AUTHOR="Hairul Abdul-Rashid",
TITLE="Optimization of Fiber Length and Bending Diameter in Depressed Cladding
Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier",
BOOKTITLE="9th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="optical amplifier; S-band; DC-EDFA; optimization",
ABSTRACT="The bending Diameter and depressed cladding erbium doped fiber (DC-EDF)
length for single-pass depressed cladding Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
(DC-EDFA) are theoretically optimized by solving differential equations. 22
dB peak gain at 1502 nm wavelength has been obtained with 18 m long DC-EDFA
and 16 cm bending diameter."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abdu0912:Uplink,
AUTHOR="Mahmud Syubli {Abdul Rahman} and Mohammad Faizal Ismail and Kaharudin
Dimyati",
TITLE="Uplink Call Admission Control with Adaptive Bit Rate Degradation for
{WCDMA}",
BOOKTITLE="9th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Call Admission Control, UMTS, WCDMA",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we propose an uplink call admission control (CAC) scheme for
WCDMA. The proposed scheme employs two-stage bit rate degradation
strategies to reduce the total number of interference in order to increase
the achievable SIR of the to-be-admit call especially in congested
situation. The proposed scheme has shown improvement in the QoS performance
by reducing the percentage of blocked calls and the percentage of dropped
calls."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abe0000:Is,
AUTHOR="Shigeo Abe",
TITLE="Is Primal Better Than Dual",
BOOKTITLE="19th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks",
ADDRESS="Limassol, Cyprus",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Dual; Support Vector Machines, Primal; Training",
ABSTRACT="Chapelle proposed to train support vector machines (SVMs) in the primal
form by Newton's method and discussed the advantages of training SVMs in
the primal.
In this paper we propose training L2 SVMs in the dual form in the similar
way that Chapelle proposed. Namely, we solve the quadratic programming
problem for the initial working set of training data by Newton's method,
delete from the working set the data with negative Lagrange multipliers as
well as the data with the associated margins larger than or equal to 1, add
to the working set training data with the associated margins less than 1,
and repeat training the SVM until the working set does not change. The
matrix associated with the dual quadratic form is positive definite while
that with the primal quadratic form is positive semi-definite. And the
former matrix requires less kernel evaluation. Computer experiments show
that for most cases training the SVM by the proposed method is more stable
and faster than training the SVM in the primal."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abe0000:Mutual,
AUTHOR="Akiyoshi Abe and Naobumi Michishita and Yoshihide Yamada and Junya
Muramatsu and Toshiaki Watanabe and Kazuo Sato",
TITLE="Mutual Coupling Reduction between Two Dipole Antennas with Parasitic
Elements Composed of Composite {Right-/Left-handed} Transmission Lines",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology - Small Antennas and
Novel Metamaterials",
ADDRESS="Santa Monica, California, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="composite right-/left-handed transmission line;CRLH parasitic element;band
rejection characteristics;mutual coupling",
ABSTRACT="In this study, a composite right-/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL)
is used as a parasitic element. It is shown that a right-handed (RH) dipole
antenna with the CRLH parasitic element has band rejection characteristics.
Moreover, transmission characteristics and electric field distribution
confirm that mutual coupling between the two dipole antennas can be reduced
by using CRLH parasitic elements between the two antennas."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abe0902:Link,
AUTHOR="Tetsushi Abe and Gerhard Bauch",
TITLE="Link Adaptation for {MIMO-OFDM} Systems using {MLD}",
BOOKTITLE="International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas 2009",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MIMO-OFDM, MLD, Link adaptation, adaptive modulation and coding",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we develop a suboptimum link adaption scheme for 2-Tx
MIMO-OFDM spatial multiplexing systems using non-iterative MLD. We derive
an approximate post-MLD SINR for each spatial stream, which is then
utilized to perform link adaptation for adaptive modulation and coding. The
effectiveness of the proposed approach will be shown via computer
simulations."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abe0909:Control,
AUTHOR="Yusuke Abe",
TITLE="Control of the Artificial Heart",
BOOKTITLE="11th International Congress of the IUPESM - Medical Physics and Biomedical
Engineering World Congress 2009 - For the benefit of the Patient",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Control; Artificial heart; Central venous pressure; Central nervous system;
1/R control",
ABSTRACT="How the artificial heart should be controlled in the absence of neural and
hormonal interfaces has been a subject of great debate since the beginning
of artificial heart research. Many control methods have been tried in the
past. To sustain a life with a total artificial heart (TAH), at least two
controls are necessary. One is the balance control of the left and the
right blood pumps. The other is the flow control. The animal replaced with
TAH can survive long with the balance control as long as the cardiac output
is within the normal range. However, the TAH animals which lacks
physiological flow control gradually suffered from systemic venous
hypertension, slight anemia, slight hypertension, and so on. 1/R control,
which is a physiological control method of the TAH, was developed to
provide the direct link between the TAH and the central nervous system to
meet the purpose. In 1/R control, the right atrial pressure reliably
stabilized and other pathological responses were not observed. In treadmill
exercise, the cardiac output increased, which was similar to the reaction
of intact natural heart. The goal in the control of the artificial heart is
to develop a built-in control unit as an implantable device."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abe0909:Controllability,
AUTHOR="Yusuke Abe",
TITLE="Controllability of {1/R} control in non-pulsatile total artificial heart",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 07 (Diagnostic and Therapeutic Instrumentation, Clinical Engineering)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Control; Undulation pump; Total artificial heart; Non-pulsatile; 1/R
control",
ABSTRACT="The role of pulsatility in a total artificial heart (TAH) has been a
subject of great debate. Additionally, it is unclear whether, in
nonpulsatile TAH, a physiological control method such as 1/R control can
keep the animal in physiological condition or not. To examine a
controllability of 1/R control in non-pulsatile TAH, non-pulsatile flow
mode was introduced to the undulation pump TAH (UPTAH) and the hemodynamic
parameters in pulsatile and non-pulsatile flow modes with 1/R control was
analyzed. The artificial valve was removed from UPTAH and the goat’s
natural heart was replaced with it. The UPTAH was first driven with a
pulsatile flow mode and 1/R control was applied within one week after
surgery. The pulsatile flow mode was switched to a non-pulsatile flow mode
on the day 2 weeks after surgery. General condition did not change before
and after the flow mode switching. Cardiac output and arterial pressure
changed with the physiological condition of the goat in also non-pulsatile
flow mode, which seemed not different from that in pulsatile flow mode.
However, the sucking effect of atria was very significant in nonpulsatile
mode. Although 1/R control could keep the animal in physiological condition
in a non-pulsatile flow mode, nonpulsatile TAH was considered to be
inadequate for 1/R control to stabilize atrial pressures in the present
circumstances or some pulsatility would be necessary to avoid fatal sucking
effect and to ensure sufficient inflow condition."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abe0911:Effective,
AUTHOR="Tetsushi Abe and Gerhard Bauch",
TITLE="Effective {SINR} Computation for Maximum Likelihood Detector in {MIMO}
Spatial Multiplexing Systems",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Wireless Communications Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, HI, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MIMO/OFDM MLD adaptive modulation and coding",
ABSTRACT="This paper studies the computation of post-processing
signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for maximum likelihood
detector (MLD) in multiple-input and multiple output (MIMO)-orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) spatial multiplexing systems. We
derive an effective post-MLD SINR for each spatial stream, which is
computed as post minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) SINR plus gain factor,
where the gain factor is adaptively computed based on the instantaneous
channel and modulation format of interfering streams. The post-MLD SINR is
then applied to modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection in adaptive
modulation and coding. Simulation results show that the MCS selection using
proposed post-MLD SINR can achieve throughput performance close to that of
the optimum approach, and considerable gain can be achieved over
linear-MMSE receiver."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abed0905:Economic,
AUTHOR="Khalid Abedlkader and Jan Broeckhove and Kurt Vanmechelen",
TITLE="Economic-based Resource Management for Dynamic Computational Grids:
Extension to Substitutable {CPU} Resources",
BOOKTITLE="The 7th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Rabat, Morocco",
PAGES="1-6",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Commodity market; Grids; Grid Economics; Resource Management; Spot markets",
ABSTRACT="In economic resource management systems, the objective is to bring about an
efficient allocation of resource while allowing market participants,
resource consumers and owners, to act on their individual valuations of
jobs and resources.

In this paper we investigate the pricing of resources in dynamic grids.
Particularly, we investigate grid resource management based on a
computational commodity market of CPU resources, where resources are
determined by supply-and-demand equilibrium. In particular introduce
several categories of CPU's characterized by execution speed. These differ
in cost and performance but may be used interchangeably in executing jobs
and thus represent so-called substitutable resources. We investigate, using
the Grid Economics Simulator, whether the algorithms for computing the
supply-and-demand equilibrium, function in this context."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abed0909:P2,
AUTHOR="Kazi Abedin and Ryoichi Akimoto and Haruhiko Kuwatsuka and Tetsuya Miyazaki",
TITLE="{P2.23:} {Fabry-Perot} Resonator Based on {InGaAs/AlGaAs/AlAsSb} Quantum
Well Waveguide and its all-optical Tuning at {GHz-Repetition} Rate",
BOOKTITLE="ECOC 2009 - 35th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical
Communication",
ADDRESS="Austria Center Vienna, Austria",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="We report a Fabry-Perot resonator constructed from InGaAs/AlGaAs/AlAsSb
quantum well waveguide, which can be optically tuned. Tuning using optical
pulses at 1.552μm at 1GHz-repetition-rate is achieved by intersubband
transition induced cross-phase modulation effect."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abed0910:Reliability,
AUTHOR="Sa'ed Abed and Sahel Alouneh and Otmane {Ait Mohamed}",
TITLE="Reliability of Recursive Concentrator Structure",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="174-177",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Inverse omega network; recursive concentrator structure; fault tolerance;
reliability index",
ABSTRACT="The inverse omega network possesses various attractive
properties and its constituent node has a fixed degree
independent of the system size. In this paper, a proof for a technique
applied recursively to construct an N-input concentrator
switching network which is similar in topology to the inverse
omega network will be introduced. Also an examination of a
reliable inverse omega network in the presence of any single node
failure will be presented. The new configuration of the system
ensures providing the same high performance results obtained
before the failure. In this paper, we show how to check the
passibility by the inverse omega network of any given connection
set and list some of the general patterns passable by this network.
We also show that the concentrate operation passable by the
inverse omega network is just a special case of the more general
alternate sequence operation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abed0910:Study,
AUTHOR="Afshin Abedi",
TITLE="A Study Of Solar Powered Air Conditioning Systems In Iran",
BOOKTITLE="Sixth International New Exploratory Technologies Conference",
ADDRESS="Shanghai, P.R. China",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Air conditioning, Solar energy, Absorption chiller",
ABSTRACT="Energy supply to Iran requires the substitution of an energy model based on
fossil by one based on renewable energy sources. The building sector, about
40\% of total annual energy consumption, has an important share in energy
demand in Iran. Solar energy appears as the most appropriate technology to
lead this sector towards sustainability since Iran, as well as most of the
other Middle East countries, enjoys an abundance of solar radiation, and
therefore it has recently begun to use solar energy. Iran is one of the
richest countries in the world in solar energy potential. Hence solar
energy can be used for air conditioning because of the near coincidence of
peak cooling loads with the available solar power. The absorption system
appears to be one of the most promising methods. In this paper an
open-cycle and a closed-cycle solar system in hot and dry climate is
studied. Closed-cycle solar powered cooling devices are based mainly on
absorption chillers, a proven technology employing LiBr–water as the
working fluid pair. Recent developments make available double- and
triple-effect chillers with considerably higher COP than their
single-effect counterparts. These systems require, however,
high-temperature solar collectors. An economic comparison is provided which
shows the total system cost to be dominated by the solar part of the system
and at current prices, the high COP, high temperature alternative is still
more costly than the low temperature one. Also open-cycle desiccant systems
employing either solid or liquid sorbents are described which makes it
possible to use the solar heat at relatively low temperatures, for
producing both chilled water and cold air in variable quantities, as
required by the load."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abed0911:Detecting,
AUTHOR="Ali Abedi and Karim Faez and Saeed Mozaffari",
TITLE="Detecting and Recognizing Numerical Strings in Farsi Document Images",
BOOKTITLE="Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2009",
ADDRESS="Wellington, New Zealand",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Farsi/Arabic document analysis; Feature extraction; Information extraction;
Numerical Strings",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we propose a new approach for detecting and recognizing
numerical strings in Farsi/Arabic handwritten or machine-printed document
images. We assign a label to each of the connected components as they
belong to a numerical string or not. First, in order to differentiate
between digit and non-digit connected components, some simple features are
extracted from all connected components in each text line. Then, these
features are classified with a fuzzy rule-based classifier to extract some
candidate strings. After using a digit recognizer, syntax of the numerical
strings are validated by a syntactic verifier. Experimental results show an
acceptable detection rate with low false positive rate."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abei0911:EM,
AUTHOR="Habti Abeida and Jean-Marc Brossier",
TITLE="An {EM} algorithm for path delay and complex gain estimation of slowly
varying fading channel for {CPM} signals",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Signal Processing for Communications Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, HI, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="CPM signal, EM algorithm, hybrid Cramér Rao bound, path delay estimation,
maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation, Kalman smoother filter, Kalman filter,
fading channels.",
ABSTRACT="This paper addresses the joint path delay and time-varying complex gain
estimation for continuous phase modulation (CPM) over a time-selective
slowly varying flat Rayleigh fading channel. We propose an
expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for path delay estimation in a
Kalman smoother framework. The time-varying complex gain is modeled by a
first order autoregressive (AR) process. Such a modeling yields to the
representation of the problem by a dynamic bayesian system in a state-space
form that allows the application of EM algorithm in the context of
unobserved data for obtaining an estimate of the path delay. This is used
with Kalman smoother for state estimation. We derive analytically a
closed-form expression of the modified hybrid Cramér-Rao bound (MHCRB) for
path delay and complex gain parameters. Finally, some numerical examples
are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm
compared to the conventional generalized correlation method and to the
MHCRB."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abel0909:Comparison,
AUTHOR="Vicente Abella and R Miro and Belén Juste and Gumersindo Verdu",
TITLE="Comparison of Two different Methods for describing the geometry of a
Voxelized Anthropomorphic Phantom in Radiotherapy Treatment Plans",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 01 (Radiation Oncology)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Voxelization; Anthropomorphic Phantoms; Latice Geomtry; MCNP, Radiotherapy;",
ABSTRACT="The main purpose of this work is to provide a comparison between two
different methods for building up Voxelized Anthropomorphic Phantoms in
Radiotherapy Treatment Plans. The Zubal Phantom is the reference phantom
utilized in order to construct the voxelized models by means of a Matlab
program, in which the two different methodologies for the description of
the geometry are implemented. The irradiation of the resulting phantoms was
simulated with the MCNP5 (Monte Carlo N-Particle) transport code, version
5, and the calculations presented in particle flux maps inside the
phan-toms by utilizing the FMESH tool, superimposed mesh tally. The two
different methodologies used for the description of the geometry of the
phantoms are subject to the MCNP5 language, one uses intersecting planes to
depict every voxel, and the other makes use of the lattice card. The
different variables involved in the simulation were analyzed: particle
flux, MCNP standard deviation and real simulation CPU time cost."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aben0000:Optimal,
AUTHOR="Luca Abeni and Csaba Kiraly and Renato {Lo Cigno}",
TITLE="On the Optimal Scheduling of Streaming Applications in Unstructured Meshes",
BOOKTITLE="IFIP/TC6 NETWORKING 2009",
ADDRESS="Aachen, Germany",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="P2P Streaming; Video Distribution; Optimal Scheduling; Distributed
Scheduling",
ABSTRACT="Unstructured, chunk-based P2P streaming (TV and Video) systems 
are becoming popular and are subject of intense research. 
Chunk and peer selection strategies (or scheduling) are among the main
driver 
of performance. This work presents the formal proof that there exist a {\em

distributed} optimal scheduling strategy which distributes every chunk 
to all N peers in exactly log(N)+1 steps. This strategy is implementable 
and there exist an entire class of deadline-based schedulers that realize
it. 
We show that at least one of the deadline-based schedulers is resilient to
the 
reduction of the neighborhood size down to values as small as log(N). 
Simulation results of different configurations complete the paper."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aben0000:Scheduling,
AUTHOR="Luca Abeni and Csaba Kiraly and Renato {Lo Cigno}",
TITLE="Scheduling {P2P} Multimedia Streams: Can We Achieve Performance and
Robustness?",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE International Conference on Internet Multimedia Systems Architecture
and Application",
ADDRESS="Bangalore, India",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="P2P Streaming; Chunk and Peer Scheduling; P2PTV; Real-Time Scheduling",
ABSTRACT="Scheduling the transmission of information in P2P applications is one of
the main challenges and one of the keys to success for these applications.
We concentrate on low-latency streaming applications (e.g. TV) and explore
many different combinations of chunk and peer scheduling strategies,
finding that the majority of the proposals found in the literature are not
robust to changing conditions. We then propose a new scheduling combination
that aims at robustness in face of heterogeneous distribution of peers'
available bandwidth and we show, through a comprehensive set of simulated
realistic scenarios, that this scheduler outperforms all other combinations
in any scenario experimented."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aben0906:SSSim,
AUTHOR="Luca Abeni and Csaba Kiraly and Renato {Lo Cigno}",
TITLE="{SSSim:} a Simple and Scalable Simulator for {P2P} Streaming Systems",
BOOKTITLE="14th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling, Analysis and Design
of Communication Links and Networks",
ADDRESS="Pisa, Italy, Italy",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="P2P streaming; simulation",
ABSTRACT="This paper describes SSSim, the Simple and Scalable Simulator for P2P
streaming systems. SSSim is designed for performance and scalability, and
allows to simulate the diffusion of large numbers of chunks over large
numbers of peers in reasonable times. This result has been obtained by
optimising the simulator for some recurrent workloads.
After describing the simulator's structure and the most important design
decisions, the paper presents some experimental results comparing the
simulation times of SSSim and a traditional simulator."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aber0905:Development,
AUTHOR="Fasil Abera and Mohammad Uddin",
TITLE="Development of a Model Based Efficiency Optimization for {IPMSM} Drive",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="837-840",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Efficiency optimization, permanent-magnet synchronous motor, speed control,
vector control",
ABSTRACT="A model based efficiency optimization algorithm for speed control of
interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive is proposed in
this paper. In order to optimize the efficiency the loss minimization
algorithm is developed based on motor model and operating conditions. The
d-axis armature current is utilized to minimize the losses of the IPMSM in
a closed loop vector control environment. The complete simulation model for
the closed loop vector control of IPMSM drive incorporating the proposed
loss minimization algorithm is developed using Matlab/Simulink software.
The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested in simulation at
different dynamic operating conditions. It is found for the results that
the efficiency of the proposed IPMSM drive is improved significantly as
compared to the conventional id=0 control technique."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbGh0909:Rate,
AUTHOR="Hadhrami {Ab Ghani} and Mustafa Gurcan",
TITLE="Rate Multiplication and Two-group Resource Allocation in Multi-code {CDMA}
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="The 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications",
ADDRESS="Tokyo, Japan",
PAGES="551-555",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="residual energy; incremental energy; sum capacity",
ABSTRACT="The residual energy in multi-code CDMA systems is not used to transmit any
useful information and may increase up to the incremental energy multiplied
with the number of multi-code channels. A two-group resource allocation
scheme is developed to reduce this upper bound on the residual energy down
to as low as a single-channel incremental energy, resulting higher energy
utilization to improve the sum capacity. Since the incremental energy is
the additional energy required to increase a data rate to a higher data
rate by an additional amount called bit granularity, a new design of
modulation and coding scheme based on the rate multiplication of outer and
inner codes can be developed to produce different data rates such that the
bit granularity is reduced, hence decreasing the incremental energy to
further maximize the sum capacity. The two-group resource allocation scheme
implemented with the proposed modulation and coding scheme is observed to
have a 4dB gain over the current HSDPA systems."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abgr0912:Inter,
AUTHOR="Cédric Abgrall and Emilio {Calvanese Strinati} and Jean-Claude Belfiore",
TITLE="{Inter-Cell} Interference Mitigation Allocation for {Half-Duplex} Relays
Based Cooperation",
BOOKTITLE="IFIP Wireless Days conference",
ADDRESS="Paris, France",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Inter-cell interference is one of the most limiting problems in high
capacity mobile wireless networks. The goal of our work is to limit
inter-cell interference in two-hop cooperative communication systems, by
exploiting the half-duplex per chunk property of relays. Such relays cannot
be interfered on a chunk while they are transmitting on it. Cooperative
communications may improve the reliability of transmissions, but can also
be prejudicial if relays are strongly interfered. Furthermore, additional
inter-cell interference is introduced by cooperative communications. For
these reasons we propose novel resource allocation modes for such relays;
our modes try to protect relays from inter-cell interference and reduce
energy needs. We compare our proposals to modes based on classical design.
Simulation results show how our proposed allocation modes permit to
outperform classical modes in terms of cooperation effectiveness, power
consumption and perceived Quality of Service."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0900:Autonomic,
AUTHOR="Meriem Abid and Ilhem Fejjari and Guy Pujolle",
TITLE="An Autonomic Piloting Plane for the Handover Decision Optimization",
BOOKTITLE="NTMS - Mobility Track",
ADDRESS="Cairo, Egypt",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Piloting Plane; Autonomic Networking; Knowledge Plane;  Seamless Mobility;
Handover Decision; Situated View",
ABSTRACT="With the expansion and the diversification of current networks in terms of
applications, technologies and services, the network control and management
are becoming overly hard to manage manually even for skilled
administrators. The autonomic computing and the knowledge plane are two
promising initiatives proposed to cope with the ever-growth network
complexity. In this article, we propose to use the piloting plane concept
to grant autonomicity in current networks. This plane aims at optimizing
existing applications by using elaborate algorithms fed by pertinent
knowledge recovered from the knowledge plane. In our approach, we
demonstrate that the knowledge and the piloting planes are complementary
and both are required when implementing autonomic solutions. We illustrate
our proposal by applying these concepts on the handover selection phase
which is a key issue in the handover process for granting global mobility
to users in heterogeneous environment. We also describe a first
implementation of our handover piloting system. Results from preliminary
tests in real environments scenario exhibit the effectiveness of our
system."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0903:Optimal,
AUTHOR="Mohammad Abido",
TITLE="Optimal {VAR} Dispatch Considering Control Variable Adjustment Costs",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Optimal VAR dispatch, Evolutionary algorithms, Multiobjective optimization",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) for optimal
reactive power (VAR) dispatch problem is presented. The optimal VAR
dispatch problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained multiobjective
optimization problem where the real power loss and the control variable
adjustment costs are to be optimized simultaneously. The proposed approach
handles the problem as a true multiobjective optimization problem. A
hierarchical clustering algorithm is imposed to provide the decision maker
with a representative and manageable Pareto-optimal set. Moreover, fuzzy
set theory is employed to extract the best compromise solution over the
trade-off curve. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed
approach to generate true and well-distributed Pareto-optimal solutions of
the multiobjective VAR dispatch problem in one single run. In addition, the
effectiveness of the proposed approach and its potential to solve the
multiobjective VAR dispatch problem are confirmed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0906:Implementation,
AUTHOR="Asmaa Abid and Qassim Nasir and Ahmed Elwakil",
TITLE="Implementation of a Chaotically Encrypted Wireless Communication System",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Communication and Information Systems Security Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="pseudo-TRBG; chaotic maps; chaotic synchronization; NIST statistical test
suite",
ABSTRACT="Abstract—Implementing the synchronization of chaotic systems presents new
challenges that are difficult to handle by using currently adopted schemes.
The paper proposes an implementation of a synchronization method for a
pseudo- True Random Bit Generator (pseudo-TRBG) based on chaotic systems. 
Synchronization of the chaotic binary sequences is achieved by using the
backward iteration approach. The implementation test bed for the complete
wireless communication system is based on a Chipcon wireless development
kit. Assessment of the pseudo- true random bits (TRB) generated is
performed using the NIST statistical test suite."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0907:Audio,
AUTHOR="Khalil Abid",
TITLE="Audio compression using Munich and Cambridge Morlet wavelet",
BOOKTITLE="The Fifth IASTED European Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Cambridge, United Kingdom",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="In this paper we present a new design
of a psychoacoustic model for audio coding following the model
used in the standard MPEG-1 audio layer 3. This architecture is
based on appropriate wavelet packet decomposition instead of a
short-term Fourier transformation. Its important characteristic is
to propose an analysis of the frequency bands that come closer to
the critical bands of the ear."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0909:Development,
AUTHOR="Husna Abidin",
TITLE="Development of a Local Web Server Linked to Malaysian Research and
Education Network {(MyREN)}",
BOOKTITLE="Second International IEEE Workshop on Next Generation Networks Open
Platforms and Services",
ADDRESS="Amman, Jordan, United Kingdom",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="web server, research and education network (REN), MyREN",
ABSTRACT="Malaysian Research and Education Network (MyREN) is introduced to
interconnect educational and research institutions in Malaysia. With its
high-speed broadband network, researchers would be able to carry out their
research projects that involve data-intensive applications as well as
sharing resources across the network. Furthermore, the network is more
economical compared to other commercial networks that will not guarantee
for higher performance network. This paper presents a deployment platform
for web servers to link to the MyREN network. The server would be able to
cater any applications such as bioinformatics and industrial databases that
can be shared among MyREN’s members."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0909:Secure,
AUTHOR="Aasma Abid",
TITLE="Secure Routing with Broadcast Authentication in Heterogeneous Sensor
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference and Exhibition on Next Generation Mobile
Applications, Services, and Technologies",
ADDRESS="Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="secure routing, broadcast authentication, heterogeneous sensor networks",
ABSTRACT="Security of sensor network communication architecture relies on its routing
scheme. This paper presents a secure routing scheme for heterogeneous
sensor networks (HSNs). HSNs  have proven to be more secure and scalable as
compared to homogeneous sensor networks which are prone to routing attacks
due to resource constraints. In our proposed scheme, routing tables are
generated with multipath routing. Base station generates inter-cluster
routes and cluster head generates intra-cluster routes. This minimizes the
computation load on cluster nodes. We also provide light-weight broadcast
authentication  used for secure routing table generation and data
communication; and to reduce communication overhead. Further, proposed
scheme introduces security architecture with in routing protocol. The
analysis of proposed scheme shows that it is secure against routing attacks
and tolerant to compromised nodes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0910:Deployment,
AUTHOR="Husna Abidin",
TITLE="Deployment of Malaysian Alzheimer Patients’ Web Database on {MYREN}",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="140-144",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="web database, research and education network (REN), alzheimer, MyREN",
ABSTRACT="Web databases are convenient methods of sharing and retrieving data as well
as a key component of the information system infrastructure of today’s
modern research, as they are valuable tools to facilitate research for
effective treatment of diseases.  In this paper, we present the method
employed to   deploy an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) database by Abdul Rahman
et. al. on the Malaysia Research and Education Network (MyREN). The link to
MyREN would facilitate resource sharing among MyREN members over a
high-speed backbone network."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0911:Noise,
AUTHOR="Ali {Abid Noor} and Salina {Abdul Samad} and Aini Hussain",
TITLE="Noise cancellation in Speech Using Optimized Subband Adaptive Filtering",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Noise cancellation;adaptive filtering; filter banks.",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, an improved subband noise canceller for speech signals is
developed. The canceller uses a two fold oversampled filter bank.The
prototype filter is optimized for minimum system distortion. A variable
step size least mean square LMS adaptive filters are used in each
subband.This system offers a simplified structure that reduces the aliasing
level in the subbands. Performance under white and colored environments is
evaluated in terms of mean square error MSE performance. Fast initial
convergence was obtained. In addition ,when tested under actual speech and
background noise, the canceller outperformed the fullband version."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0912:Functional,
AUTHOR="Mohamed Amine Abid and Abdelfettah Belghith",
TITLE="Functional Enhancements of Proactive Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks",
BOOKTITLE="NTMS - Mobility Track",
ADDRESS="Cairo, Egypt",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Proactive routing, MANETs, Network mobility, Route validity, Routing
inconsistency",
ABSTRACT="Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is central to their proper
functioning. Network dynamics make the routing a real challenging task.
Although a host of studies has been reported in the literature evaluating
the performance of proposed routing algorithms, a deeper insight reveals
some residual malfunctioning: wall effects, looping and inconsistency.

In this paper, we first unleash the cover on some interesting residual
functional problems in proactive routing algorithms. We investigate through
simulations the extent of these functional deficiencies. We then propose
some simple and effective solutions. The effectiveness of our proposals are
showed through various simulation scenarios. In particular, we show that
even when control traffic is given a higher priority over normal data
traffic, the malfunctioning persists and is only and totaly removed when
the proposed solutions are integrated."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abid0912:Hardware,
AUTHOR="Faroudja Abid",
TITLE="Hardware /Software Development of System on Chip Platform for {VoIP}
Application",
BOOKTITLE="21th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM 2009)",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
PAGES="62-65",
DAYS=19,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="System on Chip (SOC), Opencores, Open source. Voice over Internet Protocol
(VoIP), GNU tool chains.",
ABSTRACT="This paper describes the HW/SW development of a SoC platform for Voice over
Internet (VoIP). To build the platform, we have adopted the
OpenCores-Opensources design concept. The platform includes a software part
and a hardware part. The software part is related to the VoIP application
configuration. The hardware part is  represented by the VoIP gateway
architecture , which is  mainly based on the OR1200 processor , some basic
peripherals, such as debug interface for debugging purpose, a Direct Memory
Access (DMA), a Memory controller two external Flash and SDRAM memories, an
Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART), an Audio codec for
voice coding,  a standard 10/100 MAC/Ethernet for network interface and an
internal boot memory. The cores are connected through the WISHBONE bus
interface. The platform uses a set of tools   including a compiler,
assembler, debugger that is built for system debugging and software
development. The benefit of using the Opencores/ Opensources methodology is
flexibility, reuse and accessibility of the cores at free cost. The design
is done using Verilog language. The architecture is built in selected  
technological target   Virtex- II XC2V3000 FPGA development board.  The
gateway architecture occupies 40\% of logic resources and 22 \% of IOBs. In
  software part, we have    tested an embedded network application which is
the main step in a VoIP application, using uClinux as an operating system
and the 10/100 MAC/Ethernet as a network controller."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abie0910:Adaptive,
AUTHOR="Habtamu Abie",
TITLE="Adaptive Security and Trust Management for Autonomic {Message-Oriented}
Middleware",
BOOKTITLE="The 2009 International Symposium on Trust, Security and Privacy for
Pervasive Applications",
ADDRESS="Macau, SAR, P.R. China",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Adaptive security; trust management; self-healing; evolution; security
metrics; middleware",
ABSTRACT="With the increase in society’s dependence on IT communication systems,
the need for dependable, trustable, robust and secure adaptive systems
becomes ever more acute. Modern autonomic message-oriented middleware
platforms have stringent requirements for self-healing, adapting, evolving,
fault-tolerance, security and active vulnerability assessment, especially
when the internal working model of a system and the environmental
influences on the system are uncertain during run-time. In this paper we
present an adaptive and evolving security (AES), and an adaptive trust
management (ATM) approach to such autonomic messaging middleware systems,
an approach that learns, anticipates, evolves and adapts to a changing
environment at run-time in the face of changing threats. The methodology
used in this research is partly analytical and partly experimental. This
involves analysis of how the principles of AES and ATM can be applied to
the environment resulting in the development of theoretical models which
are then tested in practice by prototyping."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbiZ0907:Robustness,
AUTHOR="Roy {Abi Zeid Daou} and Clovis Francis and Xavier Moreau",
TITLE="Robustness Analysis of Fractional Controllers based on {RLC} Cells",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
PAGES="34-40",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="State-Space representation; Fractional operators; Natural and forced
responses; Robustness; RLc cells;",
ABSTRACT={In this article, we study the behavior of the RLC cells that we have
already introduced in our previous work. We propose an electric circuit
that will be used to study the fractional behavior and the robustness of
these RLC based non integer operators and to compare this behavior to the
behavior of the fractance which is a theoretical fractional operator [1].
In a previous work, we have studied the fractional behavior and the
robustness [2] for identical RLC cells (we have considered only the three
Gamma arrangements) but in this paper, we generalize our results to all
kinds of configurations and particularly we examine the behavior of the
parallel arrangement of RLC cells in series. We generate the general form
of the state-space matrixes for each arrangement with respect to the number
of RLC cells and the values of the capacities, inductances and resistances.
This analysis will be studied for both natural and forced responses. In
more details, we neglect the initial conditions of the capacitors and
inductances in the first case and we take them into consideration in the
second one. The number of initial conditions in the second case will be
related to the number of RLC used. For example, if we are using 10 RLC
cells, we will have 21 initial conditions (as we have 11 capacitors and 10
inductances as we have a capacitive cell). Also, the robustness of all
arrangements will be analyzed when varying the unsteady parameter value of
the same system used to study the fractional behavior. The non-steady
parameter will be represented by an inductance in the electrical circuit.
This inductance represents a different variable parameter in each field of
application. For example, in the hydropneumatic automobile domain, this
inductance refers to the mass of the vehicle as the mass has the main
influence on the speed and robustness when designing the suspension. By the
end, a conclusion will sum up the simulation results observed and will
confirm that the outputs obtained for the identical RLC cells can be
generalized for all kinds of cells that contain a phase locking.

[1]: A. Le Méhauté, R. Nigmatullin, L. Nivanen, {"}Flêche du temps et
géométrie fractale{"}, Edition Hermès, Paris, 1998.
[2]: R. Abi Zeid Daou, C. Francis, X. Moreau, {"}State Space Modelling of
Fractional Operators Implemented using RLC devices. Natural and Forced
Responses Calculations{"}, Submitted to the International Journal of
Control, (Taylor and Francis), 2008}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbiZ0907:Synthesis,
AUTHOR="Roy {Abi Zeid Daou} and Clovis Francis and Xavier Moreau",
TITLE="Synthesis and Realization of Fractional Operators using {RLC} Devices in
Both Electrical and Bond Graph Approaches",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
PAGES="633-639",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="non-integer integrator; phase constancy; hydropneumatic suspension;
bond-graph modelisation; fractional behavior",
ABSTRACT="Fractional operators such as differentiators and integrators were recently
applied in several fields of engineering sciences. The main advantage of
these operators is to provide a more accurate modeling of physical
processes by comparison to the integer operators. The aim of this article
is to implement the fractional operators by means of resistive, inductive
and capacitive components. We provide four different configurations of RLC
based circuits that may produce a fractional behavior. These configurations
are analyzed in a first step in the electrical domain [1] than we use in a
second step the Bond Graph representation in order to extend our results to
other engineering domains. So, the flux and the effort variables, which are
specific to the Bond Graph approach, are equivalent to the courant and the
voltage respectively in the electrical domain and to the volume flow rate
and pressure in the hydraulic domain. The basic principals and the main
equations in the Bond-Graph domain will be presented regarding these two
variables and a state space presentation for each RLC configuration will be
shown. The purpose of this calculation is to find out the equivalent input
impedance of the whole arrangement to examine if the phase locking is
present or not. For this reason, we calculate the ratio of the input flow
over the input effort in the Bond Graph approach or we calculate the
equivalent impedance of the RLC circuit in the electrical representation.
After presenting the main RLC circuits that can be subject to phase
constancy in both electrical and Bond-Graph presentations, we show the main
steps required to synthesize and realize these controllers starting from
the four high-level parameters required (low and high frequencies of the
phase locking, the non-integer order of derivation and the gain at the unit
frequency) [2]. The effect of the cells number will be also emphasized. We
propose also the main steps to be followed in order to realize a fractional
controller starting by imposing the number of cells to be used and the
values of the four parameters specified earlier. An illustrative example
will be considered to show in more details the simulation results.
[1]: R. Abi Zeid Daou, C. Francis, X. Moreau, Synthesis and implementation
of non-integer integrators using RLC devices, Submitted to the
International Journal of Electronics, (Taylor and Francis), 2008.
[2]: Oustaloup A., La dérivation non entière: théorie, synthèse et
applications, Edition Hermès, Paris, 1995"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abka0909:Reasoning,
AUTHOR="Ciamak Abkai and Jürgen Hesser",
TITLE="Reasoning and Risk Assessment based on {Real-Time} Physiological
Simulations and Dependable Vital Parameter Monitoring",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 04 (Image Processing, Biosignal Processing, Modelling and Simulation,
Biomechanics)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Physiological Simulation; Real-Time; Risk Assessment; Patient Specific
Modeling; Dependability",
ABSTRACT="We present a novel approach for dependability analysis of medical devices.
As focus, we considered vital parameter monitoring. The basic strategy
relies on using methods from system theory. For the first time not only the
technical device but also the patient is taken into consideration.
Including the patient requires prediction of physiology which is achieved
by a real-time physiological simulation in a continuous time domain,
whereby one of the main ingredients is a temporal reasoning element. The
quality of the reasoning is expressed by a dependability analysis strategy.
Thereby, anomalies are expressed as differences between simulation and real
world data. Deviations are detected for current and they are forecasted for
future points in time. By this method, patient specific differences in
terms of physiological reactions are described, allowing early detection of
critical states. The interplay of the different elements and the
consequences are explained in a realistic model."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AboA0909:Estimation,
AUTHOR="Kawther {Abo Alam} and Omar Abdallah and Armin Bolz",
TITLE="New Estimation Approach for Total Hemoglobin Concentration Based on a Fuzzy
Expert System",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 07 (Diagnostic and Therapeutic Instrumentation, Clinical Engineering)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="intelligent systems, fuzzy expert systems, fuzzy rule generation, total
hemoglobin concentration",
ABSTRACT="Indeed, special emphasis is put on the optical methods as an aid tool to
measure the total hemoglobin (THb) concentration which is one of the most
frequently ordered laboratory measurements. The estimation approach is
considered the cornerstone of those methods. We propose a new intelligent
approach based on a fuzzy expert system that depends on Wang-Mendel method
to generate a fuzzy rule-base. Real input-output data pairs were accurately
measured to build that rule-based system, where each pair represents a
different expected case. The inputs were six values of the light intensity
with different wavelengths that were measured by the optical stage of a new
THb concentration measuring device and also the value of the oxygen
saturation (SpO2). The output values are measurements of the total
hemoglobin concentration of an accurate reference laboratory. The
capabilities of the developed fuzzy expert system are tested for estimating
the total hemoglobin concentration over a wide range of cases by means of
the root mean square (RMS) error and the correlation values. The RMS
error’s value was 1.24 g/dl and the correlation value was 0.977 which
indicated that the estimated THb concentrations using the proposed approach
were highly correlated to the reference laboratory measurements."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AboE0000:Cryptanalysis,
AUTHOR="Mohamed {Abo El-Fotouh} and Klaus Diepold",
TITLE="Cryptanalysis of Substitution Cipher Chaining mode {(SCC)}",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Communication and Information Systems Security Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="cryptanalysis, AES, SCC",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we cryptanalyze the Substitution Cipher
Chaining mode (SCC-128), which uses three keys. The
first key is the encryption key, which we were able to recover
with about 2^40 cipher executions and 5 × 2^8 chosen
plaintexts using the square attack. The second key is responsible
of generation two layers of masks, we recovered
the first layer with 2^13 chosen plaintext and 2^21 cipher executions
and our attack to recover the second layer costs
only one known sector plaintext and 64 cipher executions.
The third key is used to generate the encrypted sector ID,
we were able to recover the encrypted sector ID of a sector
with 1 known plaintext and 2 cipher executions for each
sector"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abol0909:Optical,
AUTHOR="Ramin Abolfath and Lech Papiez and Strahinja Stojadinovic and Timothy
Solberg",
TITLE="Optical enhancement of {DNA-base} radio-resistivity",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 03 (Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of
lonizing and Non-lonizing Radiation)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="radiation protector, DNA damage",
ABSTRACT="We propose a mechanism which uses the simultaneous application of
circularly polarized light and an external magnetic field to control the
polarization of the free radicals and create S=1 electron-hole spin
excitations (excitons) on nucleotide-base. We deploy an ab-initio molecular
dynamics model to calculate the characteristic parameters of the light
needed for optical transitions. The effect of spin-injection on the
formation of a free energy barrier in diffusion controlled chemical
reaction pathways leads to the control of radiation-induced base damage.
The proposed method allows us to ma-nipulate and partially suppress the
damage induced by ioniz-ing radiation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abol0910:Real,
AUTHOR="Mehran Abolhasan and Brett Hagelstein and Jerry Chun-Ping Wang",
TITLE="Real-world Performance of Current Proactive Multi-hop Mesh Protocols",
BOOKTITLE="APCC 2009 Wireless Communication Systems",
ADDRESS="Shanghai, P.R. China",
DAYS=8,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="mesh testbed ; proactive routing protocols; performance evaluation",
ABSTRACT="The proliferation of mesh or ad hoc network protocols has lead to a push
for protocol standardisation. While there are a number of both open-source
and proprietary mesh routing protocols being developed, there is only a
small amount of literature available that shows relative strengths and
weaknesses of different protocols. This paper investigates the performance
of a number of available routing protocols using a real-world testbed.
Three routing protocols - Optimised Link State Routing (OLSR), Better
Approach To Mobile Ad hoc Network (B.A.T.M.A.N.) and BABEL - were chosen
for this study. Our investigations focus on the multi-hopping performance
and the ability of each routing protocol to recover from link failures. Our
results show that B.A.T.M.A.N. and BABEL outperform OLSR both in terms of
multi-hopping performance and in route re-discovery latency."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abol0912:Cooperative,
AUTHOR="Maryam {Abolfath Beygi} and S. Mohammad Razavizadeh",
TITLE="Cooperative Beamforming in Cognitive Radio Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IFIP Wireless Days conference",
ADDRESS="Paris, France",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="beamforming, cognitive radio, power control, cooperative communications",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, the problem of cooperative beamforming is
investigated in a heterogeneous underlay cognitive network. A major
difference exists between a conventional cooperative beamforming
problem and cooperative beamforming in a CR network due to the
interference constraints imposed by primary. These constraints can
greatly icrease the complexity of the final optimization problem and
make it much more challenging. Here, we have assumed a typical CR
network where a set of cognitive relay nodes collaboratively assist
the secondary transmitter to relay its message signal to the
destination in the presence of a primary transmitter-receiver pair.
Each relay employs the Amplify-and-Forward protocol to retransmit
the signal. In fact, the relays comprise a distributed beamformer
and beamform the signal towards its destination while maintaining
the QoS in the primary user. The objective is designing the
beamformer in order to maximize the target SINR in the cognitive
network subject to the network power limitations and interference
constraints on the primary network. First, the cooperative
beamforming problem has been solved and the improved performance in
terms of target SINR in the secondary network has been investigated
by simulations. Secondly, a parameter has been derived to
demonstrate the distance between the optimal beamweights in this
problem and the beamweights in a conventional beamforming problem.
Simulations show that the target SINR can be dramatically increased
by using cooperative beamforming. Moreover, they show that there is
a great distinction between the optimal solutions in conventional
cooperative beamforming and cooperative beamforming in cognitive
radios."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aboo0000:Framework,
AUTHOR="Rabah {Abood Ahmed} and Khairulmizam Samsudin and Fakhrul Zaman Rokhani",
TITLE="A Framework for Modeling Impact of Intrinsic Parameter Fluctuations at
{Architectural-Level}",
BOOKTITLE="Asia Modelling Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Bandung-Bali, Indonesia",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="SRAM; UTB-SOI; microprocessor; Instruction-Set SImulator;",
ABSTRACT="As the semiconductor process technology continues to scale deeper into the
nanometer region, the intrinsic parameter fluctuations will aggressively
affect the performance of future microprocessors. Therefore one of the
challenge of advanced CMOS manufacturing lies in modeling and simulating
the intrinsic parameter fluctuations for accurately assessing the
performance and the yield of the corresponding integrated circuits (ICs).
To investigate the impact of IPF at architectural-level, a framework to
bridge architecture-level and device-level simulation will be presented. In
this work, the framework will include intrinsic parameter fluctuation
information from UTB-SOI transistors within the 25 nm and 13 nm technology
node into architectural-level simulation. The impact of discrete random
dopants in the source/drain regions, line edge roughness and body-thickness
variations on a microprocessor with a simple cache memory system will be
presented."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aboo0000:Impact,
AUTHOR="Rabah {Abood Ahmed} and Khairulmizam Samsudin and Fakhrul Zaman Rokhani",
TITLE="Impact of Intrinsic Parameter Fluctuation on the Fault Tolerance of {L1}
Data Cache",
BOOKTITLE="21th International Conference on Microelectronics (ICM 2009)",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
PAGES="122-125",
DAYS=19,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="intrinsic parameter fluctuation; data cache; reliability",
ABSTRACT="As the semiconductor process technology continues to scale deeper into the
nanometer region, the intrinsic parameter fluctuations will aggressively
affect the performance and reliability of future microprocessors and
System-on-Chip (SoC) applications. These system requires large SRAM arrays
that occupy an increasing fraction of the chip real estate. To investigate
the impact of process fluctuation, specifically intrinsic parameter
fluctuation (IPF) from systems point of view, a framework to bridge
architecture-level and device-level simulation will be utilized for data
cache built from transistors with 25 nm, 18 nm and 13 nm technology node. 
This study found that the IPF will not have any significant impacts on data
cache memory systems build with 25nm while increasing the memory cell ratio
 to two will overcome the IPF impacts for the 18nm. However, the 13 nm
technology data cache could not operate even with higher cell ratio.
Common, cache memory fault detection and correction such as ECC and
redundancy can only partially remove the fault due to these process
fluctuation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abos0000:Service,
AUTHOR="Chinwe Abosi and Reza Nejabati and Dimitra Simeonidou",
TITLE="A Service Plane Architecture for Future Optical Internet",
BOOKTITLE="13th Conference on Optical Network Design and Modelling",
ADDRESS="Braunschweig, Germany",
DAYS=18,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The advent of new Internet applications and services has seen an increase
in heterogeneity and complexity in service provisioning. These services
require high-end IT (storage and computing) resources interconnected by
high capacity optical network. To support these services efficient
coordination of optical network and IT resources is required, which in
turns requires accurate resource state information. To address this
requirement a novel service oriented optical network architecture is
introduced. Central to the proposed architecture is a novel service plane.
The service plane orchestrates and facilitates interconnection of
heterogeneous optical networks, IT resources and clients. It utilizes a
service oriented resource discovery platform that presents different
abstraction models to facilitate resource state information discovery and
dissemination. Finally, in this paper several novel resource abstraction
models for the proposed service plane are presented and their performance
is evaluated."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0000:High,
AUTHOR="Chadi Abou-Rjeily",
TITLE="Novel {High-Rate} Transmit Diversity Schemes for {MIMO} {IR-UWB} and
{Delay-Tolerant} {Decode-and-Forward} {IR-UWB} Transmissions",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband",
ADDRESS="Vancouver, Canada",
PAGES="306-311",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="UWB, MIMO, space-time codes, cooperative systems, decode and forward,
Hermite",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we consider the problem of Space-
Time (ST) coding for Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)
and Decode-and-Forward (DF) Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband
(IR-UWB) systems. In particular, we propose three novel transmission
schemes that are suitable for such systems. The first
scheme is a multiplexing scheme that transmits at a rate higher
than that of spatial multiplexing with the same complexity. The
second scheme is a unipolar fully diverse and totally-real scheme
that is suitable for Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). The rate
of this scheme exceeds that of full-rate ST codes with a lower
decoding complexity. The third scheme corresponds to a 2×2 full rate
and fully diverse ST code that has a non-vanishing coding
gain when associated with Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM).
These diversity schemes are appealing since they are tolerant to
the asynchronization between the relays in DF networks."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0905:Dynamic,
AUTHOR="Tarek Aboul-Seoud and Adel Sharaf",
TITLE="A Novel Dynamic Voltage Regulator Compensation Scheme for a Standalone
Village Electricity Wind Energy Conversion System",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="117-121",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Active filters; DVR; Induction generators; Reactive power; Rural areas;
Wind power generation",
ABSTRACT="The growth of environmental concerns, and the rapid increase on the
electric power demand, increased the interest in renewable energy. Wind
energy is a clean, cheap, abundant energy source that could be utilized in
rural areas. However, the continuous variation of wind speed results in
severe power quality problems, especially in stand-alone networks. This
paper proposes a FACTS based dynamic voltage regulator (DVR) controlled by
a tri-loop dynamic error-driven PI controller, that could be used to
improve the power quality, in a rural load fed from a wind driven
separately excited induction generator. This improvement is illustrated via
MATLAB simulation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0905:High,
AUTHOR="Mohamed Abou-Khousa and Devin Simms and Sergiy Kharkivskiy and Reza Zoughi",
TITLE="{High-Resolution} {Short-Range} Wideband {FMCW} Radar Measurements Based on
{MUSIC} Algorithm",
BOOKTITLE="International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference",
ADDRESS=", Singapore",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="FMCW Radar; multilayer structures; MUSIC algorithm; spectrum estimation.",
ABSTRACT="This paper is focused on utilizing short-range wideband FMCW radar
measurements to evaluate multilayered dielectric structures.  The
performance of the MUSIC algorithm in resolving closely-spaced spectral
lines corresponding to adjacent boundaries within such structures is
evaluated."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0905:Modulated,
AUTHOR="Tarek Aboul-Seoud and Adel Sharaf",
TITLE="A Novel Modulated Power Filter Compensator Scheme for Standalone Wind
Energy Utilization Systems",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="390-393",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Active filters; Induction generators; MPFC; Reactive power; Rural areas;
Wind power generation",
ABSTRACT="Renewable energy sources have the ability to provide power in rural areas
when available. Although cheap, clean and abundant, the variation of output
power with the variation of wind speed can cause significant power quality
issues, especially in case of standalone generation. This paper studies a
network presenting a rural load, such as a small village, fed from a wind
farm. The effect of wind speed on the power quality is illustrated via
simulation. The introduction of the Modulated Power Filter- Compensator
(MPFC) to the network established a significant improvement to power
quality, while being cheap and robust."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0905:Spatial,
AUTHOR="Khalil Aboutammam and Aït Kbir M'hamed",
TITLE="A New Spatial Decomposition Scheme For Image {Content-Based} Watermarking",
BOOKTITLE="The 7th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Rabat, Morocco",
PAGES="539-542",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="watermarking, image content, feature points detectors,",
ABSTRACT="Image watermarking has today a growing success in the community of image
processing. Many methods were already proposed making it possible to obtain
increasingly more powerful algorithms. So, most of insertion schemes in the
spatial domain are based on the decomposition of the image to blocs, with
similar sizes, in order to insert a sequence of information bits. 
To reach good performances, content-based watermarking schemes aim to use
feature points detectors to link the mark with the content of the image.
Feature points are after used to perform a decomposition based on a
Delaunay triangulation, using triangular tessellation. These methods use
classical geometrical transforms that generally induce a loss of
synchronization that prevents the detection of the mark, and the image may
lose some of its properties.
In the proposed scheme, feature points detection are used to decompose the
image using a rectangular tessellation and the mark is embedded in each
rectangle of the decomposition. 
The proposed watermarking method, performed in spatial domain, is based on
the image content, aims to be simple and to improves mark detection in
comparison with methods based on triangular decomposition."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0907:Modified,
AUTHOR="Soubhi {Abou Chahine}",
TITLE="A Modified Circular Disk Monopole Ultra Wide Band Antenna",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
PAGES="71-75",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Circular disc monopole, microstrip line feed line, Ultra-wideband (UWB),
Wireless Communications",
ABSTRACT="In this paper we present a Modified Circular Disk Monopole Ultra Wide Band
(UWB) antenna. The antenna covers a very large band from 1.5 to more than
15 GHz. The solution of this antenna consists in varying the radius of the
patch and the ground dimensions. The proposed antenna designs and
performances are analyzed using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator
(HFSS) . The radiation characteristics are as expected for monopole
antennas. Furthermore, the antenna can cover many applications such that
(GSM1900, DCS, PCS1900, WCDMA/UMTS (3G), 2.45/5.2/5.8-GHz-ISM, Wimax, UWB
(3.1 - 10.6 GHz) etc"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0907:Time,
AUTHOR="Mouhamad Abouchahine and Alaa Saleh and Danielle Rousset and Guillaume
Neveux and Denis Barataud and Jean Michel Nebus",
TITLE="{Time-Domain} Characterization Using {LSNA} of a Broad Band
{Cross-Modulation} in {CDMA} Communication Systems.",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
PAGES="133-136",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="cross-modulation (CM), Nonlinear microwave circuits, high power amplifiers,
Time-domain measurements",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents a 4 channel time-domain measurement system for the
characterization of nonlinear microwave devices This characterization
system based on the use of a LSNA (Large Signal Network Analyzer) is fully
calibrated. It allows the measurement of time domain waveforms related to
the transfer of amplitude modulation full-carrier on a carrier in a
transmission channel located at a 20 MHz offset. This characteristic of
Cross-modulation is presented for FREESCALE PW6IC1940-50W amplifier used in
CDMA communication systems at a frequency of 1.94 GHz. Time-domain
waveforms are measured and variations of amplitude and phase modulation
indices versus input power are recorded.
The high increasing standards in radio communications systems has led to
the development of mobile technology from the second generation to third
generation. It’s the case of CDMA technology which requires an increase
in bandwidth. Due to non ideal frequency isolation between the transmitter
and the receiver, Tx leakage signals could create interferences and
cross-modulation with the Rx useful signal resulting in reduced Signal to
Noise Ratio (SNR) and ultimately, degradations in system performance [1].
We propose a method for the time domain characterization of
cross-modulation produced by power amplifiers. This method of
characterization based on the use of a fully calibrated LSNA amplitude and
phase for the measurement of broadband signals specific to the measurement
of cross-modulation.
The LSNA is based on the sub-sampling principle which enables
downconversion of microwave spectra into IF spectra. Harmonics of the
envelope and RF carriers are not considered in this work. If the bandwidth
of the modulation signal is greater than the bandwidth of the anti-aliasing
filters of the ADC (10MHz), the LSNA, in its typical configuration, is
unable to measure. A measurement method allows a translation / compression
rate of the envelope of broadband test signals (20 MHz) using a specific
phase calibration technique associated with a new harmonic phase reference
generator (HPR)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0907:Ultra,
AUTHOR="Sara {Abou Chakra} and Usamah Farrukh and Elizabeth Colin and Alain Moretto",
TITLE="Ultra High {Frequency-Radio} Frequency {IDentification} Tags Modeling",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
PAGES="265-268",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="RFID; Tags; Model; Code;",
ABSTRACT="Radio Frequency Identification applications are numerous and far reaching.
The most interesting and widely used applications include those for supply
chain management, and tracking of important objects and persons. A typical
RFID system includes two parts: the reader and the tags. Tags are
components that store the information and are physically placed upon each
item. Typically, these tags consist of an antenna and a chip. For UHF-RFID
systems, the reader interrogates a tag by transmitting a Continuous Wave
(CW) in the 860-960 MHz frequency range. The tag transmits information or
code back to the reader by modulating the CW signal with a load impedance
modulation, because the chip impedance follows the digital variation of the
code. The EPC-Class 1- Generation2 UHF-RFID standard defines a reader-tag
distance or operation distance between 0.5 and 9 m in industrial
environment. This range implies that the reader should detect tags in near
and far fields.  Electromagnetic simulation and parameterization is
important in the RFID design process. The paper presents an electrical
model for UHF-RFID tags using the simulator HP-ADS (Advanced Design System
of Agilent Technologies). The tag antenna is simulated with an electrical
model. The chip is represented is by its impedance which varies with the
code. A shunt resistor is added. Its value varies with the operation
distance allowing the tag detection whenever it is near or away from the
reader. Tag information codes following the EPC-Class 1- Generation2
standard are generated using MATLAB and imported into HP-ADS. Performance
of the RFID system is evaluated by changing the operation distance. The
model is validated by code recovery. This model is to be used for new
system design."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0908:Winning,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abousamra and Rami Melhem and Alex Jones",
TITLE="Winning with Pinning in {NoC}",
BOOKTITLE="Hot Interconnects 17",
ADDRESS="New York, NY, USA",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="interconnection networks; packet-switching; circuit-switching; network on
chip",
ABSTRACT="In Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs), on-chip interconnect carries data and
coherence traffic exchanged between on-chip cache banks. Reducing
communication latency is critical for improving the performance of
applications running on CMPs. Communication latency is affected by network
design, cache organization, and application design. Previously proposed
techniques for reducing router latency using express virtual channels or
hybrid circuit switching effectively reduce communication latency. However,
our analysis of communication traffic of a suite of scientific and
commercial workloads on a 16-core cache-coherent CMP showed low utilization
of circuits due to  repeated establishment and tear down of circuits. In
this paper, we explore circuit pinning, an efficient way of establishing
circuits that promotes higher circuit utilization, adapts to changes in
communication characteristics, simplifies network control, and allows
smarter routing techniques due to the stability of configured circuits.
Comparison with state of the art packet switched and hybrid circuit
switched interconnects across different cache organizations demonstrates
the benefits of our technique."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0909:4,
AUTHOR="Chadi Abou-Rjeily",
TITLE="A 4 {×} 4 Unipolar {Space-Time} {PPM-Code} with Simplified Decoding for
{IR-UWB} Transmissions",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband",
ADDRESS="Vancouver, Canada",
PAGES="804-808",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MIMO, IR-UWB, space-time codes, unipolar codes, PPM, ML decoding",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we propose a novel 4×4 Space-Time
(ST) code that can be associated with Impulse-Radio Ultra-
Wideband (IR-UWB) systems using Pulse Position Modulation
(PPM). The proposed rate-1 and fully diverse code can be applied
with unipolar M-PPM constellations for all even values of M
without introducing any constellation expansion. In other words,
as in single-antenna IR-UWB systems, information is conveyed
only by the time delays of the modulated sub-nanosecond pulses
without introducing any amplitude amplification or phase rotation.
An adapted simple Maximum-Likelihood (ML) decoder and
diversity-preserving suboptimal decoders that take the structure
of the proposed code into consideration are also presented."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0910:IMAPS,
AUTHOR="Nidal Aboudagga and Giacomo {de Meulenaer} and Mohamed Eltoweissy and
Jean-Jacques Quisquater",
TITLE="{IMAPS:} Imbricated Authentication Protocol Suite for Mobile Users and
Groups",
BOOKTITLE="the 34th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)",
ADDRESS="Zurich, Switzerland",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Authentication; Wireless networks; Secure mobility; mobile group
authentication",
ABSTRACT="The rapid advancement and the wide-spread use
of the Internet and wireless communications in our professional
endeavors and personal lives are making ubiquitous authenticated
connectivity for mobile users indispensable. Individuals and
groups may roam within a network or across networks, either
in infrastructure or ad hoc mode. In any case, uninterrupted
authenticated communication would be required for numerous
applications, in particular real-time multimedia applications.
In this paper, we propose an imbricated protocol suite for
authentication in different mobility contexts at both the intra- and
inter-network levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
comprehensive treatment of authentication in mobile networks.
We demonstrate that our solution supports seamless secure
mobility while incurring low overhead in the authentication
process.
I. INTRODUCTION"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abou0911:Diversity,
AUTHOR="Mohamed Abouelseoud and Aria Nosratinia",
TITLE="Diversity and Multiplexing of Opportunistic Shared Relay Channel and the
{X-Relay} Channel",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Communication Theory Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Shared Relay Channel ; X-Relay Channel ; Opportunistic Communication ;
Cooperation ; Diversity Multiplexing Tradeoff",
ABSTRACT="In this paper we study opportunistic communication
in two relay channels, the shared relay channel (SRC) and
the X-relay channel (XRC). The shared relay channel consists
of multiple non-interfering source-destination pairs sharing one
relay. The X relay channel is a multi-source multi-destination
network where each source has a message for each destination
and the network is assisted by one relay. The diversity multiplexing
tradeoff is calculated for these two networks under
protocols including non-orthogonal amplify-forward, dynamic
decode-forward, and compress-forward. The performance of
simpler protocols can be easily deduced from the results in this
paper."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abra0000:ICT,
AUTHOR="Filipe Abrantes and Ana Aguiar and Dirk Elias",
TITLE="{ICT-basierte} Lösungen für die Beobachtung chronisch erkranten Patienten",
BOOKTITLE="Ambient Assisted Living Kongress",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
DAYS=27,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="IKT können den Menschen in den  alternden Gesellschaften der
Industrieländer verbesserte Bedingungen bieten, im dem sie ihnen
Unterstützung in ihrem Lebensumfeld anbieten. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt
dabei ist die stetige Überwachung Gesundheitsmerkmale chronisch erkrankter
Patienten. Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist eine effiziente AAL-Lösung für
die Überwachung chronisch Kranker, die über lange Zeit, wartungfrei und
verlässlich in realistische Bedingungen einsetzbar ist. Eine solche
Lösung ermöglicht länger ein unabhängiges Leben der Patienten zu Hause,
in dem der Gesundheitszustand stetig überwacht und kontrolliert und somit
das Gesundheitsrisiko geschätzt wird. Besondere Bedeutung hat dabei die
Anleitung des Kranken, wie er mit seiner Krankheit am Besten umgeht.
Die vorgeschlagene IKT-basierte Lösung erfasst drei Akteure: der Patient/
Benutzer; der Telekommunikationsanbieter; und die Gesundheitsdienstleister,
für die es jeweils konkrete Anwendungsbeispiele mit einem  geschäftlichen
Hintergrund gibt. Es geht insbesondere darum, die Prozessabläufe zu
analysieren und zu erkennen, wer von wem eine Leistung erhält und wie
diese honoriert wird. Daraus gehen dann Techniken, Schnittstellen und
Komponenten hervor, die im Rahmen des Projekts eCAALYX entwickelt werden
sollen. Aus Platzgründen stellen wir hier nur das Beispeil aus der Sicht
des Benutzers dar; im Endpapier werden alle drei dargestellt. 
Peter hat eine kronische Krankheit und manche Gesundheitszeichen müssen
kontinuierlich überwacht werden. Am besten passiert das bei ihm zu Hause,
so dass er sein normales Leben nachgehen kann. Beim letzten Arztbesuch hat
ihm sein Arzt einen neuen Lebenszeichensensor verschrieben. Die
Verschreibung wurde vom Arzt an einen von seinem Versicherer erlaubten
Healthcare-Service-Centre übertragen, der automatisch den Sensor in einem
Logistikzentrum bestellt und zu Peter nach Hause geschickt hat. Als Peter
den Sensor empfängt und einschaltet wird die Ferneinstellung des Sensors
eingeleitet. Dazu hat der Healthcare-Dienstleister das benötigte Profil an
den Telekommunikationsdienstleister von Peter übertragen. Gleich danach
kann Peter sein Fernseher einschalten und die Option Gesundheits-Portal im
Startmenü mit seiner Fernbedienung auswählen. Er bekommt sofort eine
Benachrichtigung, dass sein neuer Sensor erfolgreich installiert wurde.
Dazu wird ihm zusätzliche Information zu dem neuen Sensor angezeigt, z.B.
was er misst und wie es bedient werden soll. Falls Peter vergessen hat oder
nicht in der Lage war, den Sensor anzuschalten und er deswegen nicht
installiert ist, wird ihm die entsprechende Anleitung gezeigt zusammen mit
einer direkten Verbindung zum Support-Centre. So können Peter, seine
Familie und sein Arzt über den Webportal des Gesundheitsdienstleister
seinem Zustand verfolgen.
Das Hauptvorteil dieser Lösung ist die effiziente Verwaltung eines
verteilten Systems von grossem Umfang, in dem eine flexible Rekonfiguration
der Heimsysteme mit geringem Einsatz von ICT-Fachkräfte möglich ist.
Darüber hinaus benutzt die Lösung meist schon vonhandene Infrastruktur
sowohl zu Hause (Set-Top Boxes und Router) als beim
Telekommunikationsanbieter, und begrenzt dadurch die Kosten. Die
Benutzerschnittstellen werden als Web-Portale entwickelt und können
dadurch benutzerfreundlich und einheitlich sein, unabhägig von den
Fähigkeiten der Benutzergeräte. Dieser Beitrag soll verdeutlichen, dass
AAL-Systeme heute bereits einen vielzahl von existierenden Techniken und
Komponenten nutzen können."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abra0000:Joint,
AUTHOR="Andrea Abrardo and Gianluigi Ferrari and Marco Martalò and Fabio Perna",
TITLE="Joint Channel Decoding with Feedback Power Control in Sensor Networks with
Correlated Sources",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems 2009",
ADDRESS="Siena, Italy",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="joint source channel decoding, feedback power control, multiple access with
correlated sources",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we study the performance of wireless multiple access
communication systems, where correlated sources communicate
to an access point (AP). This is a typical scenario
for wireless sensor networks. The communication links are
block-faded, and the source correlation is exploited only at
the AP, which feeds back to the transmitters power control
commands in order to counter-act the effects of fading. In this context, we

derive the “optimal” transmit power allocation strategy in order
to guarantee theoretically error-free communications, i.e., the
operational point lies in the capacity region of the multiple
access scheme. Then, we apply “practical” power control
strategies, which approximate the proposed optimal strategy. 
The system performance is evaluated considering channel coding at
the sources and joint channel decoding at the AP. In particular,
considering both serially concatenated convolutional codes
(SCCCs) and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, we show that the
proposed  power control: (i) will allow a significant performance
improvement with respect to a scenario with no feedback
power control and (ii) will guarantee significant energy savings
with respect to a simpler power control strategy based on the
equalization of the transmit powers at the various sources."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abra0000:Optical,
AUTHOR="Oum El Kheir Abra and Esmail Ahouzi and Nawfel Azami and Fakhita Regragui",
TITLE="Optical iris localization approach",
BOOKTITLE="The 7th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Rabat, Morocco",
PAGES="563-566",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="pattern recognition; iris segmentation ;optical correlation ;optical image
processing;composite filters",
ABSTRACT="This paper introduces a new iris segmentation approach based correlation
filters. The iris boundaries are detected using a particular technique of
composite filter called indexed composite filters. For each of the iris
boundary detection, an indexed composite filter is generated using a
database of circular contours corresponding to all boundary radius possible
values. Experimental results of pupil and iris outer boundary localization
on the CASIA iris database demonstrate the promising performance of this
method."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abra0908:Closed,
AUTHOR="Shafayat Abrar and Asoke Nandi",
TITLE="Closed-form optimized composite-order estimator for blind separation of
instantaneous linear mixtures",
BOOKTITLE="17th European Signal Processing Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom",
PAGES="1462-1466",
DAYS=24,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Blind source separation; independent component analysis; contrast function;
contrast; higher order statistics",
ABSTRACT="In the field of blind source separation, formulation of closed-form
estimators constitute an important framework. In this work, we present an
optimal composition of third- and fourth-order cumulants leading to a
closed-form estimator. We have introduced a free weight parameter in
combining the cumulants and evaluated its optimal value such that the
mean-square estimation of Givens rotation is minimized. We have shown that
the optimal value of weight parameter depends on the  statistical knowledge
of the mixing signals and additive Gaussian noise. Finally, computer
simulations have been performed to illustrate the behavior of the proposed
optimized closed-form estimator for the maximization of the weighted
contrast."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abra0908:Statistical,
AUTHOR="Yuri Abramovich and Ben Johnson and Nicholas Spencer",
TITLE="Statistical Nonidentifiability of Close Emitters: {Maximum-Likelihood}
Estimation Breakdown",
BOOKTITLE="17th European Signal Processing Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom",
PAGES="1968-1972",
DAYS=24,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="signal detection; direction-of-arrival estimation; antenna arrays; linear
arrays; array signal processing",
ABSTRACT="For closely spaced signals, we demonstrate that the minimum signal-to-noise
ratio at which they can be resolved (and their parameters reliably
estimated) strongly depends on the a priori source-power model.
If no restrictions are made on the admissible powers, then there will exist
an 'ambiguity region' that encompasses scenarios with completely erroneous
direction-of-arrival estimates in addition to the true scenario with
closely spaced emitters.
We implement a global maximum-likelihood search to support the Cramer-Rao
predictions."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abra0909:P6,
AUTHOR="Solomon Abraha and Hejie Yang and Eduward Tangdiongga and Ton Koonen",
TITLE="{P6.22:} Generation and Transmission of {FCC-Compliant} Impulse Radio Ultra
Wideband Signals over 100-m {GI-POF}",
BOOKTITLE="ECOC 2009 - 35th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical
Communication",
ADDRESS="Austria Center Vienna, Austria",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="We demonstrate a novel technique for generation and transmission of IR-UWB
signals over 100 metres 50 micrometres core GI-POF. IR-UWB pulses are made
by linearly combining two 3rd-order derivatives of Gaussian pulses with
different pulse-shaping factors."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abra0912:Can,
AUTHOR="Yuri Abramovich and Ben Johnson and Nicholas Spencer",
TITLE={Can {Maximum-Likelihood} {"}threshold Performance{"} Be Improved by Random
Matrix Theory Tools?},
BOOKTITLE="Third International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor
Adaptive Processing",
ADDRESS="Aruba, Dutch Antilles, The Netherlands",
PAGES="285-288",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="maximum likelihood estimation; direction of arrival estimation",
ABSTRACT="Performance of maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) is analysed in the
so-called threshold region.
Here, due to insufficient training sample volume and/or signal-to-noise
ratio, the actual MLE performance
degrades considerably with respect to the Cramer-Rao bound, because of the
onset of severely erroneous estimates
(``outliers''). Recently, for a limited number of training samples
comparable with the observation (antenna)
dimension, an improved (with respect to MLE) G-estimate of covariance
matrix eigenvalues and eigenvectors 
have been derived by Mestre, using tools from the random matrix theory. We
use these G-estimates to
form the ``G-likelihood function'' and compare the threshold performance of
the conventional ML and G-ML DOA estimation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abre0000:Study,
AUTHOR="Carolina Abreu and Marina Parente and Lourdes Brasil and Jairo Melo and Ana
Paula Silva and Glen Souza",
TITLE="A Study of Virtual Reality in Mastology",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 04 (Image Processing, Biosignal Processing, Modelling and Simulation,
Biomechanics)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Virtual Reality;Mastology;3D Modeling;",
ABSTRACT="Medicine is being benefited from the advances in Virtual Reality (VR) and
Intelligent Tutor Systems (STI) by uses of systems that offers more
detailed ways to diagnose a patient and by creating improved techniques in
the teaching and training of students. The Case Study is the woman breast
and the procedure Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology applied in Mastology. For
this matter, 3D modeling is being used to create the 3D objects used in RV.
This paper is an overview of the Medical Simulation Platform (MSP) and its
application in Mastology."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abre0906:Arbitrarily,
AUTHOR="Giuseppe Abreu",
TITLE="Arbitrarily Tight Upper and Lower Bounds on the Gaussian Q-function and
Related Functions",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Communication Theory Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Communication Theory; Bounds; Gaussian q-function",
ABSTRACT="We present a new family of lower and upper bounds on the Gaussian
$Q$-function $Q(x)$. The key idea behind the proposed bounds is the fact
that the integrand $\varphi(\theta;x)$ of Craig's representation of $Q(x)$
can be partitioned into a pair of complementary convex and concave
segments. Consequently, integrals of $\varphi(\theta;x)$ over arbitrary
intervals within its convex region can be lower-bounded by Jensen's
inequality and upper-bounded by Cotes' quadrature rule, with the opposite
occurring for the concave region $\varphi(\theta;x)$. The combination of
these complementary bounds yield a complete family of both lower and upper
bounds on $Q(x)$ which are expressed in terms of elementary transcendental
functions, and which can be made arbitrarily tight by finer segmentation of
the convex and concave regions of $\varphi(\theta;x)$. A by-product of the
method is that various other functions, such as the squared Gaussian
$Q$-function $Q^2(x)$, the 2D joint Gaussian $Q$-function $Q(x,y,\rho)$,
and the generalized Marcum $Q$-function $Q\_M(x,y)$, can be bounded
likewise, $i.e$, from both under and above with arbitrarily tightness.
Explicit examples of the latter applications are given."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abri0909:P1,
AUTHOR="Fatemeh Abrishamian and Katsumi Morishita",
TITLE="{P1.03:} Broadening Adjustable Range on {Post-Fabrication} Resonance
Wavelength Trimming of {Long-Period} Fiber Gratings by Heating",
BOOKTITLE="ECOC 2009 - 35th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical
Communication",
ADDRESS="Austria Center Vienna, Austria",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The adjustable range of resonance wavelengths of long-period gratings was
broadened toward the blue side by heating, and the mechanism was studied. 
The large blue shift, 41 nm, was obtained by heating at 600 °C."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abro0910:Location,
AUTHOR="Kaouther Abrougui and Richard Pazzi and Azzedine Boukerche",
TITLE="Location-aided Gateway Advertisement and Discovery Protocol for {VANets:}
Proof of Correctness",
BOOKTITLE="5th IEEE International Workshop on Performance and Management of Wireless
and Mobile Networks (P2MNET)",
ADDRESS="Zurich, Switzerland",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Gateway Discovery, Vehicular ad hoc networks",
ABSTRACT="The Internet access from vehicular networks is gaining great
interest from the research community. In fact, vehicles should be
able to connect to the Internet and communicate with different
networks through gateways. Guaranteeing safety on the roads is the
main objective of vehicular networks. Safety applications need to
collaborate with other types of services for efficient safety
assurance. Consequently, many services would coexist with safety
applications, including the gateway discovery service, and share a
limited bandwidth. Any solution to the gateway discovery problem in
vehicular ad hoc networks (VANets) is subject to this limitation. In
this work,, we present a novel gateway discovery technique for
VANets. Our protocol aims to provide an efficient hybrid adaptive
location-aided gateway advertisement and discovery mechanism for
VANets (LAGAD). It has the following unique and novel
characteristics for gateway discovery in VANets: \emph{(i)} it is
built on top of the network layer; \emph{(ii)} it uses channel
diversity; (iii) and it is based upon a location-aided adaptation of
the advertisement zone of the gateway. Our proposed protocol
benefits from the routing information to find the gateway service
and the routing information to the gateway at the same time saving
the overall bandwidth. It uses diverse channels to exchange
discovery and routing packets decreasing the congestion on single
channels and decreasing the delay of gateway discovery. Our proposed
gateway discovery protocol adapts the advertisement zone of gateways
based on the location information and the velocity of requesting
vehicles. We discuss the implementation of our algorithm, then
present its proof of correctness and message and time complexities
computations."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abro0911:Efficient,
AUTHOR="Kaouther Abrougui and Azzedine Boukerche and Richard Pazzi",
TITLE="An Efficient Hybrid Adaptive Location-aided Gateway Advertisement and
Discovery Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless and Mobile Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Wireless Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Service discovery, Heterogeneous Wireless and Mobile Networks, Performance
evaluation",
ABSTRACT="Recent deployment of large variety of applications using
Heterogeneous Wireless and Mobile Networks (HWMNs) has received a
great deal of attention. The main objective of HWMNs would be the
delivery of wireless services for these applications in personal,
local, campus, and metropolitan areas. However, in these networks,
there is a need of a gateway discovery mechanism to make viable many
of these heterogeneous wireless and mobile networks applications. It
is very important that the deployment of a gateway discovery
protocol in HWMNs does not degrade the performance of other
applications, in terms of bandwidth usage. Any solution to the
gateway discovery problem in HWMNs is subject to this limitation. In
this paper, we present a novel gateway discovery technique for
HWMNs. Our protocol aims to provide an efficient hybrid adaptive
location-aided gateway advertisement and discovery mechanism for
HWMNs. It has the following unique and novel characteristics for
gateway discovery in HWMNs: \emph{(i)} it is built on top of the
network layer; \emph{(ii)} it uses a channel diversity; (iii) and it
is based upon a location-aided adaptation of the advertisement zone
of the gateway. Our proposed protocol benefits from the routing
information to find the gateway service and the routing information
to the gateway at the same time saving the overall bandwidth. It
uses diverse channels to exchange discovery and routing packets
decreasing the congestion on single channels and decreasing the
delay of gateway discovery. Our proposed gateway discovery protocol
adapts the advertisement zone of gateways based on the location
information and the velocity of requesting wireless and mobile
nodes. We discuss the implementation of our algorithm, and present
its performance evaluation through an extensive set of simulation
experiments. Our results indicate that significant success rate
could be achieved using our algorithm in the worst case (more than
90 percent), while guaranteeing low response time (in the order of
milliseconds) and low message complexity when compared to other
gateway discovery approaches."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abru0909:Long,
AUTHOR="Donato Abruzzese and Michele {Michele Angelaccio} and Berta Buttarazzi and
Romeo Giuliano and Lorenzo Miccoli and Alessandro Vari",
TITLE="Long Life Monitoring of Historical Monuments via Wireless Sensors Network",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems 2009",
ADDRESS="Siena, Italy",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The permanent monitoring of structural behavior
of monuments is a crucial target in the framework of cultural
heritage preservation. The paper deals with the monitoring and
static risk assessment using the technique of dynamic parameter
measurement in a broad WSN (Wireless Sensors Network)
system. The historical buildings exposed to the traffic vibration,
which can induce stresses inside the material, as well as small
seismic actions, are vulnerable. Then, a permanent monitoring of
the micro-shocks/vibrations is suggested to be applied to the most
vulnerable monuments. The use of a WSN makes feasible to provide a robust
infrastructure to support the data collecting and decision making
before, during, and after a crisis event. When a crisis occurs,
through the use of such information collection methods an
appropriate plan is dynamically instantiated with the specific
details of the crisis."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abta0000:Process,
AUTHOR="Arash {Abtahi Forooshani} and Fakhrul Zaman Rokhani and Khairulmizam
Samsudin and Samsuzana {Abd Aziz}",
TITLE="A Process Variation Aware System-level Framework to Model On-chip
Communication System in Support of Fault Tolerant Analysis",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="On-chip Communication, Process Variation, Fault Tolerant Analysis,
System-level Modeling, Deep Submicron (DSM)",
ABSTRACT="On-chip interconnect communication system consists of the drivers,
interconnect wires and receivers. Several on-chip communication system
models have been developed for the purpose of on-chip fault-tolerant
communication research. While most of these models improved the channel
modeling, the effects of the process variability as well as drivers and
receivers to the whole communication system were largely ignored. In this
paper, we introduce a comprehensive system-level framework to capture and
integrate the characteristics of the channel as well as the drivers and
receivers. The proposed framework offers a methodology to model the on-chip
interconnect communication system and can provide a flexible and updateable
platform to evaluate fault-tolerant communication approaches. Furthermore,
the current deterministic paradigm which ends in worst case analysis
pessimism is avoided by shifting towards statistical design flow to reduce
uncertainties caused by process variation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abta0909:Effects,
AUTHOR="Sayed Mohammad Mahdi Abtahi and Majid Shahriari and Mohammad Hassan
Zahmatkesh and Bijan Hashemi and Sayed Mahmood Reza Aghamiri",
TITLE="The effects of hydrogenous medium on {MRI} image of {MAGICA} gel dosimeter",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 03 (Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of
lonizing and Non-lonizing Radiation)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="gel dosimeter- MAGICA- contrast- resolution- MRI",
ABSTRACT="however the resolution of gel dosimeter is strongly dependant to gel
composition, The proper parameters and selection of optimum method in dose
response readout can reduce noise and improve some important features such
as contrast and spatial resolution considerably. One method for dose
response readout in gel dosimetry is variation of magnetic properties of
proton using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A major problem in this
method, is the serious reduction of contrast in edges when results in lost
of dose in those region. In this study a new method contrast enhancement of
gel dosimeter with MR image is presented. in doses lower than 17 Gy with
imaging in water medium, a small reduction in spatial resolution is
exchange to considerable increase of contrast in R2 map is important."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abta0909:Generation,
AUTHOR="Mohammad Abtahi and Mansour Dastmalchi and Sophie LaRochelle and Leslie
Rusch",
TITLE="Generation of Arbitrary {UWB} Waveforms: A Low Complexity Optical Approach",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband",
ADDRESS="Vancouver, Canada",
PAGES="408-412",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Ultra-wideband (UWB); Optical pulse shaping; Microwave photonics; Fiber
Bragg grating (FBG); Thermal Tuning.",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we propose a simple and practical technique to generate the
arbitrary UWB waveforms with high precision. The re-programmability of this
technique comes from changing the effective apodization of a chirped fiber
Bragg grating (FBG) using an array of heating elements (HE). By
appropriately setting the temperatures of the HEs, many pre-designed UWB
waveforms can be generated with high precision. The functionality and the
precision of the proposed technique are demonstrated experimentally by
generating three different UWB waveforms."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abu0903:Slotted,
AUTHOR="Maisarah Abu and Mohamad Kamal {A. Rahim} and Osman Ayop",
TITLE="Slotted e-shape Antenna Design for Dual-frequency Operation",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="2416-2419",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The proposed design has an e-shape slotted at the center of the patch with
patch’s dimension of 34 x 23 mm. The first working frequency is 2.45 GHz
with good return loss of 12.48 dB and 17.65 dB at second working frequency,
5.8 GHz."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuA0902:Optical,
AUTHOR="Alaeddin Abu-Abed and Robert Lindquist",
TITLE="Optical Tracking of the Director Axis in Liquid Crystal Sensors",
BOOKTITLE="Sensors Applications Symposium",
ADDRESS="New Orleans, LA, USA",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="biochemical sensors, liquid crystal",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, a new approach in tracking the director axis of uniaxial
nematic liquid crystal (LC) for sensing applications is developed. This
approach utilizes measuring critical angles for total internal reflection
(TIR) at the interface of isotropic and LC film. The proposed optical
transduction requires
measuring two critical angles in orthogonal directions, which lead to a
uniquely tracked director axis in well ordered uniaxial LC films. These
critical angles are related to the director axis orientation which is
treated as an arbitrary vector. An example of tracking the director is
provided and the sensitivity of this approach is also discussed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abua0909:Subcarrier,
AUTHOR="Rami Abu-alhiga and Harald Haas",
TITLE="{Subcarrier-Index} Modulation {OFDM}",
BOOKTITLE="The 20th IEEE International Symposium On Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio
Communications",
ADDRESS="Tokyo, Japan",
PAGES="177-181",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="OFDM, Digital modulation, Bit error ratio",
ABSTRACT="A new transmission approach, referred to as
subcarrier-index modulation (SIM), is proposed to be integrated
with the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)
systems. More specifically, it relates to adding an additional
dimension to the conventional two-dimensional (2-D) amplitude/
phase modulation (APM) techniques such as pulse amplitude
modulation (PAM) and quadrature amplitude modulation
(QAM). The key idea of SIM is to employ the subcarrier-index
to convey information to the receiver. Furthermore, a closedform
analytical bit error ratio (BER) of SIM OFDM in Rayleigh
channel is derived. Analytical and simulation results show error
probability performance gain of 4 dB over 4-QAM OFDM
systems for both coded and uncoded data without power saving
policy. Alternatively, power saving policy maintains an average
gain of 1 dB while only using half OFDM symbol transmit power."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuB0908:Issues,
AUTHOR="Mohd Hilal {Abu Bakar} and Hanif Ibrahim and Abu Bakar Muhammad",
TITLE="Design Issues in {MEMS} Based Immunosensor for {E.} coli {O157:H7}
Detection",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MEMS;Microcantilever;Design;Piezoresistive;Immunosensor;Escherichia
coli;O157:H7;Biosensor;antibodies;bacteria;detection",
ABSTRACT="Abstract
Designing a biosensor requires extensive research to pro-duce a fast
response, easy to use and highly sensitive me-thods for detecting
biomolecules of interest. This paper presents the aspects covered in
designing the MEMS based immunosensor for detecting E. coli 0157:H7.In
fulfilling these aspects of improvement it is important to identify issues
related to the development of an immunosensor. This paper explores the
issues that should be taken into consideration to improve sensitivity and
response time of the immunosensor proposed. We propose a U-shaped silicon
doped piezoresistive microcantilever design with reference coating of
backside to reduce signal drift and noise source  Based on review of
previous research the dimension of cantilever will be simulated ranging
from 100µm – 250µm (length), 50µm- 150 um (width), and 500nm - 1 µm
(thickness. The sensor is designed to optimize detection capabilities with
antibodies immobilized on the sensing surface."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuB0908:Synthesis,
AUTHOR="Norhayati {Abu Bakar} and Akrajas {Ali Umar} and Muhamad {Mat Salleh} and
Muhammad Yahaya",
TITLE="Synthesis of Ternary {ZnCdTe} Quantum Dots and Optical properties",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Optoelectronics, ZnCdTe, Ternary quantum dots, Optical properties and
Photoluminescence.",
ABSTRACT="Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals or namely as quantum dots have
received a considerable attention dramatically due to their unique
optoelectronics for their wide use in variety of application such LEDs and
solar cells. Ternary of ZnCdTe quantum dots were synthesized by quickly
injection of chemical precursor into the reactor at moderate temperature
(300˚C) via wet-chemical process with different growth times. The average
size of particle quantum dots was measured using transmission electron
microscopy is about 5 nm. The optical properties of the quantum dots were
studied using photoluminescence and UV-Vis spectrometers (Figure 1). It was
found that, the ZnCdTe have tunable high photoluminescence in the range of
650-690 nm where they give high red emission when exposed under UV light."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abue0903:Nanotachnology,
AUTHOR="Muhammad Abuelma'atti",
TITLE="Nanotachnology: Benefits, Risks and Ethical Issues",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Nanotechnology; nanoscience; nanomachines; ethical issues in nanotechnology",
ABSTRACT="This paper discusses the benefits, risks and ethical issues related to
nanotechnology. While it is impossible to deny the benefits of
nanotechnology, it is equally essential to consider its risks. Thus, in
parallel with the grants allocated to research in nanotechnology it is
recommended to allocate grants for research in ethical issues in
nanotechnology. Moreover, it is recommended to establish a monitoring and
control body that will decide the directions of research in nanotechnology
and makes sure that it is directed for solving the local problems rather
than being linked with research in developing countries."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuH0911:Software,
AUTHOR="Tamer AbuHmed and Nandinbold Nyamaa and Daehun Nyang",
TITLE="{Software-Based} Remote Code Attestation in Wireless Sensor Network",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Communications and Information Security Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless Sensor Network, Security, Software Attestation",
ABSTRACT="Sensor nodes are usually vulnerable to be compromised due to their
unattended deployment. The low cost requirement of the sensor node
precludes using an expensive tamper-resistant hardware for sensor physical
protection. Thus, the adversary can reprogram the compromised sensors and
deviates sensor network functionality. We propose two simple software-based
remote code attestation schemes for different WSN criterion. Our schemes
use different independent memory noise filling techniques called
pre-deployment and post-deployment noise filling, and also different
communication protocols for attestation purpose. The protocols are
well-suited for wireless sensor networks, where external factors such as
channel collision results in network delay. Hence, the success of our
schemes of attestation  does not depend on the accurate measurement of the
execution time which is the main drawback of previously proposed wireless
sensor network attestation schemes"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abuj0000:Constraint,
AUTHOR="Fuad Abujarad and Sandeep Kulkarni",
TITLE="Constraint Based Automated Synthesis of Nonmasking and Stabilizing
{Fault-Tolerance}",
BOOKTITLE="The 28th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems",
ADDRESS="Niagara Falls, New York, USA",
DAYS=27,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Nonmasking Fault-Tolerance, Stabilization, Automated Program Synthesis,
Constraint Based Design",
ABSTRACT="We focus on constraint-based automated addition of nonmasking and
stabilizing fault-tolerance to hierarchical programs. We specify legitimate
states of
the program in terms of constraints that should be satisfied in those
states. To deal with faults that may violate these constraints, we add
recovery actions
while ensuring interference freedom among the recovery actions added for
satisfying different constraints.Since the constraint-based manual design
of fault-tolerance is well-known to be applicable in the manual design of
nonmasking fault-tolerance, we expect our approach to have a significant
benefit
in automation of fault-tolerant programs. We illustrate our algorithms with
three case studies: stabilizing mutual exclusion, stabilizing diffusing
computation, and a data dissemination problem in sensor networks. With
experimental results, we show that the complexity of synthesis is
reasonable and that it can be reduced with the structure of the
hierarchical systems.

Also, to our knowledge, this is the first instance where automated
synthesis has been successfully used in synthesizing programs that are
correct under fairness assumptions. Moreover, in two of the case studies
considered in this paper, the structure of the recovery paths is too
complex to permit a heuristic based approach for adding recovery."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abul0902:Development,
AUTHOR="Amir {Abul\_Al\_Aish} and Mahfoozur Rehman",
TITLE="Development of a low cost Optical Tilt sensor",
BOOKTITLE="4th International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents",
ADDRESS="Wellington, New Zealand",
PAGES="290-293",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Fiber optic tilt sensor; light intensity; plastic optical fibers; light
dependant resistor; tilt angle",
ABSTRACT="The paper deals with the theory, design, fabrication and test results of a
Fiber optic tilt sensor. The sensor is based upon the modulation of light
intensity with the change in the level of Mercury (Hg) surface. 650 nm
light-emitting diode (LED) is used as light source and the reflected light
is detected by light dependant resistor (LDR). The output of the receiver
circuit is directly proportional to the tilt angle. The sensitivity of the
sensor is 0.014 V mrad-1 and the maximum range covered is 26.7 mrad. The
sources of error and their minimization have been discussed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abul0903:ConVes,
AUTHOR="Mozaherul Hoque {Abul Hasanat} and Dhanesh Ramachandram and Mandava
Rajeswari",
TITLE="{ConVes:} A Context Verification Framework for Object Recognition System",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Information Science, Technology and
Applications (ISTA 2009)",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="context verification, bayesian networks, semantic image understanding,
object class recognition",
ABSTRACT="Context is a vital element in both biological as
well as synthetic vision systems. It is essential for deriving
meaningful explanation of an image. Unfortunately, there is a
lack of consensus in the computer vision community on what
context is and how it should be represented. In this paper context
is defined generally as “any and all information that is not
directly derived from the object of interest but helps in explaining
it”. Furthermore, a description of context is provided in terms
of its three major aspects namely scope, source and type. As
an application of context in improving object detection results
a Context Verification System (ConVeS) is proposed. ConVeS
incorporates semantic and spatial context with an external
knowledgebase to verify object detection results provided by
state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms such as support
vector machine or artificial neural network. ConVeS is presented
as a simple framework that can be effectively applied to a wide
range of computer vision applications such as medical image,
surveillance video, and natural imagery."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abum0903:Broadband,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abumazwed and Osama Ahmed and Abdel R. Sebak",
TITLE="Design of a Broadband {Half-Cylindrical} {DRA} for Future {WLAN}
Applications",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="389-392",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="A half-cylindrical DRA is presented in this paper. It is fed by an aperture
coupling rectangular and U-shaped slots. An impedance bandwidth of 40.5\%
which covers the frequency band for future WLAN applications is achieved.
The antenna has good radiation characteristics within the band of interest."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abum0903:Compact,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abumazwed and Abdel R. Sebak",
TITLE="Compact Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Broadband Applications
{(5.2/5.8GHz)}",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="433-436",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Compact DRA for the future WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz) is presented. It has
elliptical half cylinderical shape for size reduction. The antenna feeding
is aperture coupling, U slot is for bandwidth enhancement. Although antenna
size is small, the Antenna impedance bandwidth is 30\% and the radiation
patterns are omnidirectional."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abun0000:Distributed,
AUTHOR="Saeed Abu-Nimeh and Dario Nappa and Xinlei Wang and Suku Nair",
TITLE="Distributed Phishing Detection by Applying Variable Selection using
Bayesian Additive Regression Trees",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Communication and Information Systems Security Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Phishing, Bayesian Additive Regression Trees, Classification, Mobile",
ABSTRACT="Phishing continue to be one of the most drastic
attacks causing both financial institutions and customers huge
monetary losses. Nowadays mobile devices are widely used to
access the Internet and therefore access financial and confidential
data. However, unlike PCs and wired devices, such devices lack
basic defensive applications to protect against various types of
attacks. In consequence, phishing has evolved to target mobile
users in Vishing and SMishing attacks recently. This study
presents a client-server distributed architecture to detect phishing
e-mails by taking advantage of automatic variable selection in
Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART). When combined
with other classifiers, BART improves their predictive accuracy.
Further the overall architecture proves to leverage well in
resource constrained environments."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abur0000:Perceptual,
AUTHOR="Akram Aburas",
TITLE="Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality - Implementation Using a
{Non-Traditional} Symbian Operating System",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Speech Quality Measurement, Mobile Cellular Telecommunication Networks,
Signal Strength, Nondedicated and Heterogeneous Network.",
ABSTRACT="The quality of telecommunication voice services has become an important
issue due to the evolving and liberalized market. With the advent of new
technologies, however, a diversification takes place which makes it
necessary to carefully plan and observe network quality. A characteristic
of the competitive telecommunications market is the convergence in many
aspects of service, such as price between different operators. In this
environment, speech quality is becoming a key factor distinguishing one
operator from another - a strong indicator for customer satisfaction.
Therefore, it is imperative that a service provider is capable of
predicting customers' perceptions of quality so that networks can be
optimized and maintained. 

Traditionally, user’s perception of speech quality is measured offline
using subjective listening tests. The method of subjective testing called
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) provides a numerical indication of the perceived
quality of received human speech over the connection. The MOS is expressed
as a single number in the range 1 to 5, where 1 is lowest perceived
quality, and 5 is the highest perceived quality. But subjective estimation
by repeated listening tests at various sites within the coverage area is
not practical since it is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. So, it
would be much desirable to use an automatic objective evaluation system
that applies a good objective speech quality measure to estimate the
statistical average of subjective opinions of the typical conversational
speech sentences sent through the mobile network.

In this work we propose a new scheme for measuring speech quality over the
network from the subscriber set. The method we proposed offer a significant
advantage over traditional speech quality measurement as the network
operator and subscriber can evaluate the speech quality for every call made
under different conditions. This can be applied in a number of ways: 
1.	In present day multi-operator environments, service subscribers can
easily use this method to choose between different networks.
2.	Telecom regulatory bodies can apply this method to enact laws that will
make operators charge less for less voice quality measured from their
networks.
3.	Network operators can use this as a marketing tool and offer subscribers
reduced tariffs whenever the speech quality of calls they make are lower
than a particular threshold.

References
[1]	M. P. Hollier, M. O. Hawksford and D. R. Guard, “Characterisation of
communications systems using a speech-like test stimulus,” Journal of the
Audio Engineering Society, 41 (12), 1008–1021, 1993.
[2]	M. P. Hollier, M. O. Hawksford and D. R. Guard, “Characterisation of
communications systems using a speech-like test stimulus,” Journal of the
Audio Engineering Society, 41 (12), 1008–1021, 1993.
[3]	J. G. Beerends and J. A. Stemerdink, “A perceptual speech-quality
measure based on a psychoacoustic sound representation,” Journal of the
Audio Engineering Society, 42 (3), 115– 123, 1994
[4]	A. W. Rix, and M. P. Hollier, “The perceptual analysis measurement
system for robust end-to-end speech quality assessment,” IEEE
International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing
(ICASSP), Istanbul, (3), 1515-1518, June 2000."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abus0000:Approach,
AUTHOR="Musa Abusitta and Raed Abd-Alhameed and Dawei Zhou and Stephen Jones and
Peter Excell and Chan See",
TITLE="New Approach for Designing Beam Steering Uniform Antenna Arrays using
Genetic Algorithms",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Loughborough Antennas \& Propagation Conference",
ADDRESS="Burleigh Court Conference Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="beam steering,uniform antenna array, parasitic antenna,Genetic algorithm",
ABSTRACT="A new approach to the design of electronic beam steering in antenna arrays
is introduced and analysed. The technique is demonstrated for a uniform
antenna array structure. The radiation pattern of the antenna array is
formed and the beam steering tuned using the Genetic Algorithm. The results
show a reasonably wide steering angle with acceptable
experimentally-measured return loss. A simple mathematical formula is
developed to highlight the operation of this linear array."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuS0906:Analyzing,
AUTHOR="Osama Abu-Sharkh and Ahmed Tewfik",
TITLE="Analyzing The Impact of Various Modulation and Coding Schemes on the {MAC}
Layer of {IEEE} {802.11} {WLANs}",
BOOKTITLE="16th International Conference on Analytical and Stochastic Modelling
Techniques and Applications",
ADDRESS="Madrid, Spain",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="802.11, Markov Chain, Modeling",
ABSTRACT="The throughput of the medium access control sub-layer in IEEE 802.11
wireless local area network depends on the performance of the network at
the physical layer level. In this paper, we perform cross layer analysis
between the medium access control and the physical layers in order to study
the behavior of the network including the achieved throughput for various
types of modulation and coding schemes. In our analysis, we take into
account the packet error rate of the schemes as a loss factor in an
improved Markov Chain model. The model is in consistent with the DCF access
mechanism of IEEE 802.11 standard and it includes all of its parameters in
different operating conditions. Expressions for throughput and average
service time of packets are provided. The analytical expressions are solved
using MATLAB and the model is validated by experiments."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abus0906:Framework,
AUTHOR="Murad Abusubaih",
TITLE="A Framework for Interference Mitigation in {Multi-BSS} 802.11Wireless
{LANs}",
BOOKTITLE="10th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and
Multimedia Networks",
ADDRESS="Kos Island, Greece",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Interference; 802.11; WLANs;  Access Point Coordination;",
ABSTRACT="This paper proposes a framework for interference mitigation
in multi-BSS infrastructure 802.11 WLANs. Our
interference mitigation approach is based on Access Point
(AP) Coordination. With this approach, interfering BSSs
negotiate and switch from the 802.11 CSMA/CA to a time
slotted mechanism if users' QoS is observed to be degraded,
diagnoses conclude that the cause is high interference, and
the switch to the time slotted modus is expected to be useful
and feasible. The proposed algorithms within the framework
are driven by measurements. We utilize the wireless
bandwidth and improve the fairness among WLAN users.
We present results of detailed simulation experiments as
well as real implementation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abus0908:Strategy,
AUTHOR="Khaled Abusakem and Yu Gong and Chunbo Luo",
TITLE="A New Strategy for the Blind {MMSE} Equalization",
BOOKTITLE="17th European Signal Processing Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom",
PAGES="338-342",
DAYS=24,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Blind equalization; CMA; adaptive filtering",
ABSTRACT={This paper describes a new strategy for the blind equaliza-tion so that the
blind Constant Module Algorithm (CMA) can be smoothly switched to the
decision- directed (DD) equalization. First, we propose a combination
approach by running the CMA and DD equalization simultaneously to obtain a
smooth switch between them. We then describe an {"}anchoring process{"} to
eliminate the effect from the CMA at the steady state to achieve low
residual noise. The overall equalization can be regarded as the DD
equalization being anchored by the combination approach. Numerical
simulations are given to verify the proposed strategy.}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuS0911:Ensemble,
AUTHOR="Shadi Abu-Surra and Dariush Divsalar and William Ryan",
TITLE="Ensemble Pseudocodeword Weight Enumerators for {Protograph-Based}
Generalized {LDPC} Codes",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Communication Theory Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="G-LDPC; Pseudocodeword; Enumeration; Protograph;",
ABSTRACT="Recently, pseudocodewords of Tanner graphs of LDPC have been used to
explain
the behavior of iterative decoders for these codes. In this paper,
finite-length pseudocodeword weight enumerators for protograph-based
generalized-LDPC code ensembles are obtained. The asymptotic results are
derived from the finite-length results by letting the block length go to
infinity. The asymptotic results allow us to determine whether or not the
typical minimum pseudocodeword weight grows linearly with codeword length.
We give examples with Hamming component codes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Abus0912:Cooperative,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Abusnaina and Huah Yong Chan",
TITLE="Cooperative {Multi-Agent} System for Solving Packet World Problem in Grid",
BOOKTITLE="9th IEEE Malaysia International Conference on Communications 2009",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Distributed Systems; Grid; Multi-Agent System (MAS); Cooperation; Packet
World Problem",
ABSTRACT="Multi-Agent System (MAS) is considered as a branch of distributed systems
which has many applications such as E-commerce, transportation system, web
application, and air traffic control. Packet World Problem is MAS
application used in this research to study the cooperation interaction
between agents. This research aims to prove that using cooperative MAS
algorithm will solve packet world problem in minimum number of steps, less
time, and decrease network consumption. This will minimize processor and
memory utilization. Packet World Problem is a case study used in literature
to study MAS interactions and characteristics. It is an environment
consists of multiple agents and packets, whereas they were distributed on
different Grid machines. The main goal of this problem is cleaning the
environment from packets. The proposed work includes Cooperative MAS model
which consists of two levels, where each level has a specific sub-goal to
achieve. Agents at both levels cooperate to achieve the global goal. In the
same time the proposed work includes Cooperative MAS algorithm which solve
Packet World Problem efficiently.  Different scenarios were tested and the
proposed algorithm gave results as enhancement of 84\% less in number of
steps, 40\% less in consumed time and 72\% less in network consumption."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuT0000:Compact,
AUTHOR="Hattan AbuTarboush",
TITLE="Compact Planar {Inverted-F} Antenna {(PIFA)} for {WiMAX} Application",
BOOKTITLE="Mosharaka International Conference on Communications, Propagation and
Electronics",
ADDRESS="Amman, Jordan",
DAYS=6,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="PIFA for WiMAX, WiMAX Antenna,  Slot Antenna",
ABSTRACT="A compact internal triple-band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is
designed. It has been developed to be used in future WiMAX technology 2.6
GHz, 3.6 GHz and 5.6 GHz. The required bandwidths are fulfilled the WiMAX
technology 3.8 \%,2.7 \% and 10 \% respectively. The proposed antenna has
gain of 4.7,5.2 and 7.2 dBi for the three bands respectively. The proposed
antenna consists of a main patch with four strip slots. The antenna
occupied a total volume of 50×50×6〖mm〗^3. the overall radiation
patterns are suitable for mobile application. 50Ω transmission line is
used to feed this antenna"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuT0903:Bandwidth,
AUTHOR="Hattan AbuTarboush and Rajagopal Nilavalan and Hamed Al-Raweshidy",
TITLE="Bandwidth Enhancement for Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Stacked Patch and
Slot",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology - Small Antennas and
Novel Metamaterials",
ADDRESS="Santa Monica, California, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Patch Antenna, Slot Patch Antenna, Bandwidth Enhancement",
ABSTRACT=": Small size wideband microstrip patch antenna with slot in ground plane
and stacked patch fed through microstrip line is presented. By inserting
slot on ground plane and stacked patch supported by wall, the bandwidth can
improve up to 25\% without significant change in the frequency. The
bandwidth before adding the slot and the stacked patch was 3.72\%, whereas
after adding the slot and the stacked patch the bandwidth increased up to
25\% ranging from 2.4 to 3.3 GHz. The radiation pattern has acceptable
response at both E,H plane."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuT0903:Bandwidth,
AUTHOR="Hattan AbuTarboush and Rajagopal Nilavalan and Hamed Al-Raweshidy",
TITLE="Bandwidth Enhancement for Small Patch Antenna Using {PBG} Structure for
Different Wireless Applications",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology - Small Antennas and
Novel Metamaterials",
ADDRESS="Santa Monica, California, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Patch Antenna, PBG, Bandwidth Enhancement, Dual-band antenna",
ABSTRACT="A design strategy using Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure on ground plane
to achieve wider bandwidth for patch antenna is presented. It is found
that, the impedance bandwidth has improved from 3.72\% to 31.9 \% at centre
frequency 9 GHz after adding PBG on the ground plane. The antenna has multi
band operations at 5, 6 and 9 GHz. E-Plane and H-plane radiation patter is
satisfied within this bands"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuT0903:Multi,
AUTHOR="Hattan AbuTarboush and Rajagopal Nilavalan and Hamed Al-Raweshidy",
TITLE="{Multi-Band} Antenna for Different Wireless Applications",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology - Small Antennas and
Novel Metamaterials",
ADDRESS="Santa Monica, California, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="wide band antenna, Mobile Antenna, Shorting Wall, Small Antenna, PIFA
Antenna",
ABSTRACT="A small multi-band compact microstrip patch antenna is presented. The
antenna is designed on Roger RT/duroid 5880 with dielectric constant 2.2,
multi-band operations is achieved by inserting a slot on the top patch. The
antenna has wide impedance bandwidth at 1.2, 1.6, 2.4 and 2.6 GHz with Gain
4.2, 1, 5 and 2 dBi respectively. The bandwidth before adding the shorting
wall and the slot was 3.72\%, whereas after adding the shorting wall and
the slot the bandwidth get wider to 31.9\% at the centre of 1.4 GHz. ."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuT0904:Bandwidth,
AUTHOR="Hattan AbuTarboush",
TITLE="Bandwidth Enhancement for Patch Antenna Using {PBG} Slot for {5,} 6 and 9
{GHz} Applications",
BOOKTITLE="10th Annual IEEE WIRELESS AND MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE",
ADDRESS="Clearwater, Florida, USA",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=apr,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="PBG, Patch Antenna, Bandwidth Enhancement, Dual-band antenna",
ABSTRACT="A design strategy using Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure on ground plane
to achieve wider bandwidth for patch antenna is presented. It is found
that, the impedance bandwidth has improved from 3.72\% to 31.9 \% at centre
frequency 9 GHz after adding PBG on the ground plane. The antenna has multi
band operations at 5, 6 and 9 GHz. E-Plane and H-plane radiation patter is
satisfied within this bands."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{AbuT0911:Reconfigurable,
AUTHOR="Hattan AbuTarboush and Shahbaz Khan and Rajagopal Nilavalan and Hamed
Al-Raweshidy and Djuradj Budimir",
TITLE="Reconfigurable Wideband Patch Antenna for Cognitive Radio",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Loughborough Antennas \& Propagation Conference",
ADDRESS="Burleigh Court Conference Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Reconfigurable Antenna, Wideband Antenna, Small Antenna, Coginitve Radio
Antenna, Tunable Antenna",
ABSTRACT="Cognitive radio communication is envisaged to be a new paradigm of
methodologies for enhancing the performance of radio communication systems
through the efficient utilization of radio spectrum. A key enabler for
realization of a cognitive communication system is the capability of
re-configurability in the underlying hardware and the associated protocol
suite. Reconfigurable double C-Slot microstrip patch antenna fed by 50 Ω
microstrip line is proposed in this paper. The frequency tuning is
performed by switching on and off two patches. The antenna can operate in
dual-band or in very wide band mode in 5, 6 and 7 GHz bands. The wide-band
mode can be obtained when both switches are in the ON state with impedance
bandwidth of 33.52 \% from 4.99 to 7 GHz. The total size of the ground
plane is 50 x 50 mm2. The proposed antenna verified through both numerical
simulation and measurement of an experimental prototype. The antenna
achieves a gain of 5 to 8 dBi and radiation efficiency of 80\%."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acat0905:Capacity,
AUTHOR="Diogo {Acatauassu Nunes} and Aldebaro Klautau and Francisco Muller",
TITLE="Capacity of {MIMO} {DSL} Systems Using 100 {MHz} Measured Channel Data",
BOOKTITLE="16th International Conference on Telecommunications",
ADDRESS="Marrakech, Morocco",
PAGES="266-269",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="DSL Mimo",
ABSTRACT="This paper evaluates the capacity of MIMO DSL systems up to 100 MHz using
short loops (50 and 200 meters) based on measured channel data. The
experimental results show that these systems have capacities as high as
0.77 Gbps for the
50 m loop, for example."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acel0906:Effect,
AUTHOR="Patricia Acelas and Pau {Arce Vila} and Juan C. Guerri",
TITLE="Effect of the Multiple Description Coding over a Hybrid {Fixed-AdHoc} Video
Distribution Network",
BOOKTITLE="Second International Workshop on Future Multimedia Networking",
ADDRESS="Coimbra, Portugal",
DAYS=22,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="AdHoc Networks, Video Streaming, Multiple Description Coding, Performance
Evaluation",
ABSTRACT="Offering a real time video transmission service, using mobile ad hoc
networks (MANETs) and granting a specific Quality of Service (QoS) is a
hard challenge. In fact, the network topology is extremely unstable and its
variability causes the loss of transmitted information. However, powerful
mechanisms against channel failures can be incorporated to avoid the system
breakdown. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of Multiple Description
Coding (MDC) technique for improving video quality in a multimedia content
distribution system. The architecture proposed is a hybrid fixed and
wireless ad hoc network where nodes can move freely. Due to multipoint to
point nature of this system, multidescription can be combined with
multipath transmission to increase its efficiency and, at last, the Quality
of Experience (QoE) of the final receiver. The simulation lets us compare
the quality of the video streaming paying attention to quality parameters
(PSNR, packet delivery ratio, decodable frame rate and interruptions).
Results show that MDC improves video quality in high mobility scenarios."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acer0000:Evaluation,
AUTHOR="Utku Acer and Alhussein Abouzeid and Shivkumar Kalyanaraman",
TITLE="An Evaluation of Weak State Mechanism Design for Indirection in Dynamic
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="The 28th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications",
ADDRESS="Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Brazil",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=apr,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="State signaling and maintenance mechanisms play
crucial roles in communication network protocols. State is used
to facilitate indirections in protocols such as routing. Design
approaches for traditional state signaling mechanisms have been
categorized into soft and hard state. In both approaches, the state
is deterministic and it can be refreshed through explicit update
messages that traverse the network. Hence, we call both as having
strong state semantics, or more crisply, refer to them as strong
state. If the state models entities with dynamic nature, strong
state is rapidly becomes invalid due to deterministic semantics.
In this paper, we evaluate the recently proposed weak state [1].
Weak state is a generalization of soft state, that is characterized
by probabilistic semantics and local updates. It is interpreted as a
hint and not absolute truth, and contains a measure of confidence
in the state value itself. We define two metrics (pure distortion
and informed distortion) to evaluate the accuracy (or consistency)
of the indirections based on weak state paradigm and compare it
against the strong state. Pure distortion measures the average
distance between the actual value of the state and the value
maintained at a remote node. Even if the pure distortion is large,
a network protocol that uses weak state can take necessary steps
to adapt by taking into account the confidence parameter. This
property is captured by the informed distortion metric.

Using mathematical analysis, we compare weak versus strong
state with respect to the signaling mechanism metrics as well as
the stochastic process properties that we use to model the state
information. Local updates reduce the pure distortion, and the
informed distortion is significantly less due to the probabilistic
semantics. The weak state mechanism can be used to build
protocols (eg: WSR [1]) which systematically interpret the state
values as probabilistic hints. The state itself can be mostly updated
locally, with less frequent explicit update messages over the
network (i.e. leading to dramatic reductions in control traffic)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acha0903:Programmable,
AUTHOR="Arup Acharya and Nilanjan Banerjee and Dipanjan Chakraborty and Koustuv
Dasgupta and Archan Misra and Shachi Sharma and Xiping Wang and Charles
Wright",
TITLE="Programmable Presence Virtualization for {Next-Generation} {Context-Based}
Applications",
BOOKTITLE="7th Annual IEEE Int'l Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
(PerCom 2009)",
ADDRESS="Galveston, Texas, USA",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Presence, context, virtualization, scalability, federation",
ABSTRACT="Presence, broadly defined as an event publish-notification infrastructure
for converged applications, has emerged as a key mechanism for collecting
and disseminating context attributes for next-generation services in
enterprise and provider domains. Current solutions and products lack in the
ability to a) support flexible user-defined queries over dynamic presence
data and b) derive composite presence from multiple provider domains.
Accordingly, current uses of context are limited to individual domains and
do not provide a programmable mechanism for rapid creation of context-aware
services. This paper describes a virtualization architecture, where a
Virtualized Presence Server receives customizable queries from multiple
presence clients, retrieves necessary data from base presence servers,
applies the required virtualization logic and notifies the clients. To
support both query expressiveness and computational efficiency,
virtualization queries separately identify both the XSLT-based
transformation primitives and the presence sources over which the
transformation occurs. For improved scalability, the proposed architecture
offloads XSLT-related processing to a high-performance XML processing
engine. We present our current implementation and performance results that
attest to the promise of this virtualization approach."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acha0906:Approach,
AUTHOR="Uday Acharya and Mohamed Younis",
TITLE="An Approach for Increasing {Base-Station} Anonymity in Sensor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Communication and Information Systems Security Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Anonymity; Wireless sensor networks; Traffic analysis",
ABSTRACT="Wireless sensor networks are becoming an attractive choice for many
critical applications, such as border protection and combat field
reconnaissance. In these applications, sensors probe their surroundings and
send their findings to a base-station over multi-hop paths. Given the
important role of the base-station, an adversary who likes to disrupt the
network operation would eagerly look for where the base-station could be
and target it with attacks in order to inflict the maximum damage. The flow
of traffic towards the base-station creates a pronounced pattern of
wireless links that may traffic analysis expose the location of the
base-station and thus increase the vulnerability of the network.
This paper investigates means for boosting the anonymity of the
base-station position. First, we quantify anonymity using three models –
Entropy based model, GSAT test and Evidence theory model. We customize the
evidence theory model that measures anonymity of the entire network to
focus on the anonymity of the base-station. Then, a novel approach for
boosting the anonymity of the base-station is proposed.  The idea is for
the base-station to disguise itself by transmitting some of the data
packets it receives with varying intensity. The goal is to create a
perception that the base-station node is just another sensor node sending
some information and thus confuse the adversary. The approach is validated
through simulation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acha0909:Delay,
AUTHOR="Hrishikesh Acharya",
TITLE="Delay Tolerant Networks: A Retrospective",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference and Exhibition on Next Generation Mobile
Applications, Services, and Technologies",
ADDRESS="Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Delay Tolerant Networks",
ABSTRACT="In order to ensure ubiquitous connectivity, networks have to operate in
regions with very limited infrastructure support. There has been intense
recent research activity in the emerging areas of
intermittently connected, ad hoc, and delay/disruption tolerant networks
(DTN). DTNs differ greatly, depending on the nature of the network
environment; they range from deep space networks to buses
driving around mobile wireless hotspots in villages to provide Internet
service to kiosks. This has led to a wide range of solutions for routing,
naming, addressing, message formats, etc. However, there
are common features which have already established themselves as standards.
We attempt to provide an introduction to the field of DTNs for new
researchers, explaining general DTN concepts and standards,
surveying the current research, and finally reviewing the available and
required capabilities of DTNs so as to identify areas of future work (such
as key management, handling of congestion, multicast capability, and
routing)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acha0910:Linear,
AUTHOR="Hrishikesh Acharya and Mohamed Gouda",
TITLE="{Linear-Time} Verification of Firewalls",
BOOKTITLE="The 17th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols",
ADDRESS="Princeton, New Jersey, USA",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS=firewall,
ABSTRACT="A firewall is a filter placed at the entrance of a private network. Its
function is to examine each packet that is incoming into the private
network and decide, based on the specified rules of the firewall, whether
to accept the packet and allow it to proceed, or to discard the packet. A
property of a firewall is a specified set of packets that is supposed to be
accepted or discarded by the firewall. In this paper, we present the first
linear time algorithm to verify whether a given firewall satisfies a given
property. The time complexity of our algorithm is O(nd), where n is the
number of  specified rules in the given firewall and d is the number of
fields that are checked by the firewall. Our verification algorithm
consists of two passes: a deterministic pass followed by a probabilistic
pass. In most cases, the algorithm correctly determines whether the given
firewall satisfies the given property. But in some rare cases, the
algorithm may erroneously determine that the firewall satisfies the
property. Using a combination of analysis and extensive simulation, we show
that the probability of an error by the algorithm is of the
order of 0.00006."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acha0912:Phone,
AUTHOR="Amrit Acharya and John Buford and Venkatesh Krishnaswamy",
TITLE="Phone Virtualization Using a Microkernel Hypervisor",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE International Conference on Internet Multimedia Systems Architecture
and Application",
ADDRESS="Bangalore, India",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="hypervisor;virtualization; embedded microkernel; L4; OKL4; phone
virtualization",
ABSTRACT="Virtualization of multi-core hardware is becoming important in enterprise
computing using hypervisors such as VMware or Xen.  For desktop phones,
virtualization can be used to simultaneously run multiple phone OSes on the
same desktop phone, and provide application isolation and security
benefits.  We introduce the concept of phone virtualization and describe
benefits and use cases for users. We then evaluate hypervisor versus
microkernel work in the embedded space, and select a well-known embedded
microkernel as the virtualization layer. We then present some results to
adding a virtualization layer to  phone platform representative of
enterprise desktop phones. We have ported the OKL4 microkernel to the ARM
1176 and tested it on an ARM emulator with an existing embedded Linux
kernel. We discuss use cases, lessons learned, and next steps."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acho0000:Compact,
AUTHOR="Maha Achour and Norberto Lopez and Cheng-Jung Lee and Ajay Gummalla",
TITLE="Compact Metamaterial Antenna Array for Long Term Evolution {(LTE)} Handset
Application",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology - Small Antennas and
Novel Metamaterials",
ADDRESS="Santa Monica, California, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="CRLH, Metamaterial, Antenna, LTE, MIMO, Handset, Cell Phone, Coupling,
Efficiency",
ABSTRACT="This paper addresses this specific problem by presenting an LTE MIMO air
interface solution for handsets using metamaterial designs, which offer
small, low-cost, and low-profile antennas printed directly on PCB for easy
integration and simple manufacturing – all critical factors for rapid
deployment and commercial success. The proposed metamaterial MIMO array
consists of dual resonance antennas occupying 0/10  0/41 
0/387 volume at center frequency 771MHz of the LTE band 746-796MHz. The
performances of two antenna array configurations with spacing of 0/13
and 0/5 are studied while quantifying its near-filed and far-field
channel correlation."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acho0908:Study,
AUTHOR="Anna Achong and Devorah Jarau and Boon Chuan Teo and Sang Sool Koo",
TITLE="A study for bi-modal distribution of threshold voltage of {3.3V}
differential pair {PMOS} structure",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This study was carried out to investigate the bimodal distribution of Vt
(threshold voltage) of 3.3V differential pair PMOS structure within a wafer
in which the abnormal transistor shows half lower than normal threshold
voltage value and higher off state leakage current. The root cause was
identified by simulation which is increasing gate oxide thickness of thin
gate oxide area and finally matches behavior of the abnormal transistor
with low threshold voltage and high off state leakage.
 The solution was implemented with O2 descum process into the dual gate
oxide process flow, which O2 descum process was inserted after photo resist
patterning for thick gate oxide in order to remove potential thin photo
resist scum which is blocking wet etch reaction to oxide and causes thick
gate oxide to remain at the thin gate oxide area. Detailed evaluation,
measurement and result will be further discussed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acht0906:MoteMaster,
AUTHOR="Andreas Achtzehn and Elena Meshkova and Junaid Ansari and Petri {Mähönen}",
TITLE="{MoteMaster:} A scalable sensor network testbed for rapid protocol
performance evaluation",
BOOKTITLE="Demos and Posters for the Sixth Annual IEEE Communications Society
Conference on Sensor, Mesh, and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks",
ADDRESS="Rome, Italy",
DAYS=22,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="testbeds;protocol evaluation;sensor networks",
ABSTRACT="Testbeds are necessary to evaluate the performance
of network applications in a wide range of deployment scenarios.
Especially in wireless networks, where the performance of deployment
highly depends on the environmental conditions, traditional
computer simulations provide only limited valid information.
Approaches have been made to develop generic testbeds for
protocol evaluation, but they suffer from automation deficienies
such as the ability for fast iterations over different topologies
or parameter settings in order to conduct large-scale test runs.
Furthermore, their legacy data storage make later processing less
tractable.
We present a scalable wireless sensor testbed providing a
generic interface which can easily be incorporated into existing
network research and data mining software. It uses a generic
data storage that allows ease of analysis. Higher utilization of
resources by means of parallelisation of individual user tasks
and multi-user support make this testbed a valuable tool. It is
built on commercial off-the-shelf hardware and as it is opensource,
it requires no additional investment in legacy software."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acht0909:Why,
AUTHOR="Nils Achterberg and Reinhold Mueller and Jan Forster and Renate Forster and
Tilman {Müller}",
TITLE="Why still Multibeam Tomotherapy?",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 01 (Radiation Oncology)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="adaptive radiation therapy (ART), image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT),
intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), medical linear accelerator,
tomotherapy",
ABSTRACT="The idea of Multibeam Tomotherapy is a turn-key solution for multileaf
collimator based, intensity-modulated, image-guided and adaptive radiation
therapy (IMRT, IGRT and ART respectively). We wanted to streamline the
whole radiation therapy process with the patient in the center of all
considerations. Through a close look at imaging, treatment planning,
treatment delivery and treatment verification we try to show why Multibeam
Tomotherapy is highly efficient and worth realization. The TOM’5 linac as
a new delivery machine can be complemented with state-of-the-art technology
enabling IMRT, IGRT and ART. We present a new scheme for beam angle
selection leading to improved dose distributions/dose volume histograms in
clinical case studies. The fast planning procedure is advantageous if it
comes to re-planning or recalculation during an IGRT/ART course. TOM’5
provides an additional degree of freedom to the process of real-time
IGRT/ART-the choice of 5 possible beam ports nor inevitably only one to
reduce system reaction time when targeting a moving tumor. Concepts for
inter- and intra-fraction motion management have been established. 4D
Multibeam Tomotherapy is a challenge under consideration."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acii0901:Secure,
AUTHOR="Onur Aciicmez and Jean-Pierre Seifert and Xinwen Zhang",
TITLE="A Secure {DVB} Set-top Box via Trusting Computing Technologies",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference - Security for
CE Communications",
ADDRESS="Las Vegas, USA",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Attestation, DVB, IPTV, Set-top Box, TPM, Trusted Computing,
Virtualization, Consumer-friendly Security Models and Tools",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents a very natural ``killer application'' of modern
Commercially Off The Shelf (COTS) available Trusted Computing technologies.
The application which we propose is a secure and cost optimized DVB Set-top
Box. Our respective reference architecture is exclusively build upon such
COTS Trusted Computing technologies and completely avoids the use of any
proprietary and thus expensive hardware. Particularly, we will use an
orchestration of the following TC concepts from the PC field and
standardized by the Trusted Computing Group: Secure Boot, Remote
Attestation, Trusted Channels, Virtualization for Domain Isolation, and the
Trusted Platform Module (TPM). The Trusted Domain Isolation concept (as
realized through Trusted Virtualization) allows the simple subscription to
different Service Providers (SP) without the need of any SP-specific
hardware requirements. The vast computing power of modern CPU architectures
allows for the pure software virtualization of any SP-proprietary hardware.
In addition to that isolation concept, the novel hardware assisted security
ingredients of modern CPUs allow in combination with the TPM for a
verifiable evidence of a tamper-free execution environment for the
different SP's. I.e., at all times during the execution of a SP's ``virtual
set-top box'', the respective SP is able to remotely request an attestation
of the whole execution platform and ensure its fundamental system
integrity. This attestation proves either that no ``malicous platform
tampering'' or ``unintended platform use'' is happening, or in case that it
fails, it gives the SP the possibility to deny further services by simply
cutting the content delivery channel. Thus, at all times we can guarantee
the various SP's strong security assurances. Moreover, the nowadays very
well understood and very efficient (even real-time capable!) virtualization
concept allows a simple and efficient migration of different SP
architectures to such a universal DVB Set-top Box. In some cases a simple
binary migration with only little modifications might be possible. Also,
our architecture inherently supports the easy integration of an open but
strongly isolated user partition, thus allowing the user for a kind of his
{\em own\/} PC within his home TV and Set-top Box combination. Moreover,
this also allows for an elegant realization of very recent initiatives
aiming to merge the home TV experience with the full Web experience (e.g.\
See'N'Search \cite{SeeNSearch}). In addition to being a very natural killer
application of such Trusted Computing technologies the DVB Set-top Box
example touches also on the very important and subtle scalability issue of
the Trusted Computing paradigm."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acim0000:Undergraduate,
AUTHOR="Vladanka Acimovic-Raspopovic and Mirjana Stojanovic and Jelena Teodorovic",
TITLE="The Undergraduate Training on Simulating {IP} Networks Using Network
Simulator {NS2}",
BOOKTITLE="ISTET'09 - XV International Symposium on Theoretical Electrical Engineering",
ADDRESS="Lübeck, Germany",
PAGES="216-219",
DAYS=22,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper presents the results of experimental undergraduate training on
simulating IP (Internet Protocol) based networks, using Network Simulator
version 2 (NS2) and its associated tools for simulation animation and
analysis. An important objective of the training was to explore
possibilities to introduce simulating IP networks as a regular course in
undergraduate studies curriculum. The main contributions of the paper
comprise introducing an innovative methodology for teaching simulation of
IP networks to undergraduates, a dynamically created outcome of more than
100 scripts for programming the NS2, and presenting experiences in
education with the simulator NS2."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Acke0000:Achieving,
AUTHOR="Edward Ackerman and Mary Phillips",
TITLE="Achieving {Low-Noise-Figure} Photonic Links without Pre-amplification",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Sarnoff Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Princeton , NJ, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Analog Photonics, Microwave Photonics, Analog Fiber Optic Link,",
ABSTRACT={Using optical fiber to retrieve signals from remote sensors has several
advantages compared to remoting by means of metallic waveguides such as
coaxial cable. Fiber-optic retrieval of an RF signal can be achieved by
down-converting and digitizing the signal for conveyance by a digital
fiber-optic link, or it can be achieved by conveying the RF signal over an
analog fiber-optic link before digitization. The latter approach can be
realized with a minimum of hardware and dc power required at the sensing
site, provided that the analog fiber-optic link has a sufficiently low
noise figure without a pre-amplifier. 

Early demonstrations of {"}amplifierless{"} analog fiber-optic links
typically reported very high noise figures-in excess of 30 dB. In the last
decade or so, several techniques have been developed to improve this
situation. We describe five such techniques and show that they have
resulted in much lower measured noise figures for amplifierless links. One
technique, for example, has yielded noise figures < 5 dB for amplifierless
links at frequencies of up to 10 GHz. The existence of amplifierless links
with such low noise figures may enable remote sensing of signals in
situations where the size, weight, and power (SWAP) of the remote hardware
is of primary concern.}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adac0000:Malware,
AUTHOR="Yu Adachi and Yoshihiro Oyama",
TITLE="Malware Analysis System using Process-level Virtualization",
BOOKTITLE="14th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications",
ADDRESS="Sousse, Tunisia",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Security; Virtualization; Operating systems",
ABSTRACT="We have developed a malware analysis system based on process-level
virtualization. Our BitSaucer system can dynamically generate a number of
virtual execution environments as honeypots on one machine. It confines
malware by creating a virtual file tree in a virtual execution environment
and by redirecting outgoing network communication to another virtual
execution environment on the same machine. BitSaucer has minimal resource
consumption and runtime overhead. Even when 1000 virtual execution
environments were hosted on one machine, the applications running in the
environments worked as well as they normally do. We deployed a honeypot on
the Internet and collected information related to actual attacks.
Experimental results showed that BitSaucer had better performance on the
ApacheBench benchmark than a naive honeypot system based on a virtual
machine monitor."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adac0905:Phase,
AUTHOR="Koichi Adachi and Masao Nakagawa",
TITLE="Phase {Rotation/MC-CDMA} for Uplink Transmission",
BOOKTITLE="7th Workshop on Multi-Carrier Systems \& Solutions",
ADDRESS="Herrsching, Germany",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MC-CDMA; uplink transmission; MAI; phase rotation",
ABSTRACT="In uplink transmission of the cellular system, multi-access interference
(MAI) is a big problem. To eliminate the MAI, in this paper, a new
multi-carrier-code division multiple access based on phase rotation
(PR/MC-CDMA) is proposed. In the proposed method, each user’s data is
spread by using a user dependant phase rotated spreading code. At the
receiver, the received signal is multiplied by the inverse phase rotation
based on the path specific time delay and the user dependant phase rotated
spreading code to obtain the signal received via the certain path. Since
the user dependant phase rotation is set so that the signals are not
overlap in the delay time domain, MAI can be completely eliminated. The
desired signal is obtained through path wise maximum ratio combining (MRC)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adac0909:Capacity,
AUTHOR="Koichi Adachi and Fumiyuki Adachi and Masao Nakagawa",
TITLE="Capacity of {MC-CDMA} {MIMO} with Imperfect Interference Cancellation",
BOOKTITLE="The 12th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia
Communications",
ADDRESS="Sendai, Miyagi, Japan",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="MIMO, channel capacity, residual ICI/IAI, theoretical analysis",
ABSTRACT="Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) is an attractive
multiple access technique. For achieving a very high speed data
transmission with a limited bandwidth, MC-CDMA can be jointly used with
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing. Among many signal
detection methods, an iterative interference cancellation technique can be
used. The presence of residual interference limits the performance
improvement. In this paper, we consider the capacity which can be computed
from the received signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR)
assuming the minimum mean squared error detection (MMSED) and also
imperfect cancellation of inter-code interference (ICI) and inter-antenna
interference (IAI) by using coefficients which represent the degree of
residual ICI and IAI. Based on the capacity expression, we show how the
imperfect interference cancellation affects the achievable capacity of
MC-CDMA MIMO."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0000:52119,
AUTHOR="Jean-Pierre Adam",
TITLE="{52/119} {GHz} Corrugated Horn Design for Earth Observation Applications",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="1363-1366",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper describes the design of a dual frequency feed. The center
operating frequencies are 52.5 GHz and 118.75 GHz. This feed is used to
illuminate an offset reflector."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0000:Conceptual,
AUTHOR="Benjamin Adams and Martin Raubal",
TITLE="The Conceptual Space Markup Language {(CSML):} Towards the Cognitive
Semantic Web",
BOOKTITLE="Third IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing",
ADDRESS="Berkeley, California, USA",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="knowledge representation;semantic web;similarity;concept
combination;cognitive science;ontology integration;metadata",
ABSTRACT="CSML is a semantic markup language created for the publishing and sharing
of conceptual spaces, which are geometric structures that represent
semantics at the conceptual level.  CSML can be used to describe semantics
that are not captured well by the ontology languages commonly used in the
Semantic Web.  Measurement of the semantic similarity of concepts as well
as the combination of concepts without shared properties are common human
cognitive tasks.  However, these operations present sources of difficulty
for tools reliant upon set-theoretic and syllogistic reasoning on symbolic
ontologies.  In contrast, these operations can be modeled naturally using
conceptual spaces.  This paper describes the design decisions behind CSML,
introduces the key component elements of a CSML document, and presents
examples of its usage."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0000:Multi,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Rosario Garroppo and Stefano Giordano and Luca Tavanti",
TITLE="{Multi-Constrained} Path Computation Algorithms for Traffic Engineering
over Wireless Mesh Networks",
BOOKTITLE="First IEEE WoWMoM Workshop on Hot Topics in Mesh Networking",
ADDRESS="Kos, Greece",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Multi-Constrained Path Computation, Wireless Mesh Networks, Traffic
Engineering",
ABSTRACT="We propose a Traffic Engineering (TE) architecture to supply Wireless Mesh
Networks (WMNs) with an efficient support of diverse applications with
different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The proposed TE-WMN
architecture is based on the MPLS technology. Its main goal is to provide
TE capabilities so that a heterogeneous infrastructure, made of wired
networks and WMNs, can be built and managed in a seamless manner. In the
TE-WMN architecture, the Path Computation Element (PCE) is in charge of
finding a path that satisfies the QoS requirements. This operation often
requires solving a multi-constrained problem, which is known to be
NP-complete. So far many approximated and heuristic solutions have been
developed for and applied to wired networks. However, the different
features of WMNs make it impractical to reuse those solutions. Hence we
have devised two heuristic path computation algorithms (PCAs) with the goal
of keeping the complexity very low and yet improving the performance of
simple existing algorithms. An extensive set of tests has proved the good
performance of the proposed PCAs."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0901:Vulnerabilities,
AUTHOR="Mike Adams and Minseok Kwon",
TITLE="Vulnerabilities of the {Real-Time} Transport {(RTP)} Protocol for Voice
over {IP} {(VoIP)} Traffic",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference - Entertainment
and Multimedia Networking",
ADDRESS="Las Vegas, USA",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=jan,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Voice over IP, RTP, SIP, multimedia networks, security, vulnerability,
experiments",
ABSTRACT="Over the past decade, Voice over IP (VoIP) has revolutionalized the
telecommunications industry. VoIP has become more prevalent than ever, and
consequently more users have switched to IP-based data networks for their
telephone use from the analogue Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
One challenge, though, is to secure and protect these VoIP connections.
In this paper, we investigate a new approach to demonstrate the
vulnerability
of VoIP connections. Our approach monitors real-time data streams (e.g.,
RTP), and inserts packets containing fraudulent voice data at expected
times estimated from the monitoring. As false packets are well-aligned
with original packets, we can maximize the effects of the test
while minimizing the number of inserted packets. This minimal number of
false packets also helps eschew the detection efforts of denial-of-service
defense mechanisms. Our results indicate that the inserted packets at
desired times can indeed disrupt the original RTP stream without any 
noticeable traffic increase."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0903:Concept,
AUTHOR="Grzegorz Adamiuk and Jens Timmermann and Werner Wiesbeck and Thomas Zwick",
TITLE="A novel concept of a dual-orthogonal polarized ultra wideband antenna for
medical applications",
BOOKTITLE="EuCAP 2009 - Convened",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="1860-1863",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper describes a concept of a dual-orthogonal,
linear polarized ultra wideband (UWB) antenna. The radiation
principle and feeding scheme is described. Subsequently the
prototype is introduced and the theoretical assumptions are
verified by the measurements. A very good polarization purity
was achieved over very wide frequency range."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0905:Topology,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Christian Callegari and Stefano Giordano and Michele
Pagano and Teresa Pepe",
TITLE="Topology Design for Service Overlay Networks with economic and {QoS}
constraints",
BOOKTITLE="IFIP/TC6 NETWORKING 2009",
ADDRESS="Aachen, Germany",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="SON; QoS. economic cost; delay: bandwidth; topology",
ABSTRACT="Service Overlay Networks (SON) have emerged as an efficient way to
provide end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) support in the Internet, as
required
by real-time services such as VoIP, Video on Demand, and Multimedia
Streaming.
The deployment of a SON is a capital-intensive investment. Thus, minimizing
the
economic cost is one of the key objectives for the SON operator. Moreover,
end-to-end performance must be enhanced, so as to provide innovative
value-added
services. This paper, addresses the problem of cost and performance
optimization
of a SON. More specifically, we propose a set of algorithms for the
selection
of a SON topology, which minimizes the economic cost while taking also
into
account performance constraints. Finally, a performance comparison among
such
algorithms is carried out."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0906:Deployment,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Christian Callegari and Stefano Giordano and Mikhail
Marchenko and Michele Pagano",
TITLE="Design and Deployment of a Network-aware Grid for e-Science Applications",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 QoS and Modelling Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Grid; QoS; Network-aware; cluster, Wang-Crowcroft",
ABSTRACT="In the last years, grid computing has emerged as a valuable service to
solve complex computational problems in many scientific and industrial
domains. Quality of Service (QoS) provision for these applications is
therefore a key challenge for high speed Next Generation Networks and
cross-layer mechanisms, enabling the development of network-aware grids,
should be introduced. This paper takes into account, as a case study, an
application for the simulation of particles coagulation phenomena. A
parallel direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm has been implemented and
extensive computations have been performed in a cluster of computing nodes
to evaluate the execution time of the application in different operating
conditions. Then, data collected from these experiments, have been used as
input for the design and deployment of a network-aware grid infrastructure.
Since this application is characterized by frequent data exchanges, the
impact of the allocated bandwidth on the overall application’s
performance has been investigated."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0906:Flexible,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Stefano Giordano and Michele Pagano and Luiz Gustavo
Zuliani",
TITLE="A Flexible Software Router based Framework to enable a {DiffServ-MPLS}
Transport Network",
BOOKTITLE="14th International Workshop on Computer Aided Modeling, Analysis and Design
of Communication Links and Networks",
ADDRESS="Pisa, Italy, Italy",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Software Router, QoS, DiffServ, MPLS",
ABSTRACT="In the last years, the use of software routers as learning platforms and
test devices for network building blocks evaluation has become popular in
the academic community, due to PC hardware inexpensiveness and open source
software flexibility. Despite the wide range of freely available network
tools, the build up of a system that customizes and integrates such tools
to provide enhanced or brand new capabilities is not a trivial task. This
paper introduces a complete open source based framework to enable the
interconnection of DS domains through a DS-MPLS transport network. It
defines a set of architectural entities in a modular fashion that allows
better maintenance, reuse and integration of capabilities. The proposed
framework was implemented in a network composed by software routers and its
functionalities have been verified."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0906:NS2,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Christian Callegari and Stefano Giordano and Michele
Pagano",
TITLE="A new {NS2} module for the simulation of {MPLS} networks with
{Point-to-Multipoint} {LSPs} support",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 QoS and Modelling Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Ns2; MPLS; P2MP LSP; RSVP-TE",
ABSTRACT="Nowadays, many IP backbone networks adopt separate control and forwarding
planes for unicast and multicast traffic flows. Indeed, while MPLS
(Multiprotocol Label Switching) is widely deployed for unicast traffic,  IP
multicast is the only available solution for the delivery of
“one-to-many” traffic flows. With P2MP LSPs (Point-to-Multipoint Label
Switched Paths) support, a unified control and forwarding plane may be
devised. Such a reduction in the number of protocols used in the core of
the network as well as in the number of encapsulations in the data plane,
results in simplified network operations. The paper discusses the design
and the development of the control and data planes extensions needed to
provide P2MP LSP support in an MPLS node. In particular, such extensions,
concerning the P2MP LSPs path computation, the RSVP-TE signalling protocol,
and the forwarding mechanism, have been implemented as new software modules
for an ad-hoc developed simulator, based on NS2. Finally, tests have been
performed to assess the behaviour of the new functionalities introduced in
the simulator."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0906:Performance,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Rosario Garroppo and Stefano Giordano",
TITLE="Performance Evaluation of {MoIP} Applications over Satellite: An
Experimental Study",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Wireless Networking",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="PQoS; MoIP, VoIP, MOS, satellite networks.",
ABSTRACT="In the last years, broadband satellite networks have emerged as a flexible
technology offering high-speed Internet access to large communities of
users at relatively low-cost. At the same time, the large widespread of
VoIP and Multimedia over IP (MoIP) applications, has pointed out the need
of investigating their performance over heterogeneous networks and, more
specifically, on wireless and satellite systems not offering Quality of
Service (QoS) guarantee. The paper presents the results of an experimental
study aimed at analyzing the behaviour of MoIP applications over a two-way
satellite system. Starting from the most relevant performance metrics of a
satellite network, the paper is focused on the evaluation of the Perceived
Quality of Service (PQoS) when VoIP and MoIP applications are deployed over
a satellite network. Control and data plane issues that may deteriorate the
performance of such applications are highlighted."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0909:Dual,
AUTHOR="Grzegorz Adamiuk and Malgorzata Janson and Werner Wiesbeck and Thomas Zwick",
TITLE="{Dual-Polarized} Antenna Array for {UWB} Sensor Applications",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband",
ADDRESS="Vancouver, Canada",
PAGES="164-169",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Antennas, Arrays, UWB, polarization diversity",
ABSTRACT="The paper describes a dual-polarized antenna array for Impulse Radio Ultra
Wideband (IR-UWB) applications. After a brief description of the single
radiator the array setup is given. Next the prototype is presented and
measured data is compared with the simulated results. The linear array
consisting of four components achieves a very narrow mean 3 dB beam width,
which is approx. 15 degree in the FCC frequency range from 3.1 GHz to 10.6
GHz. The second main lobe of the array factor and the grating lobes are
suppressed by the radiation pattern of the single element. The mean
cross-polarization suppression in the main beam direction is below 20 dB.
Next the simulated and measured time domain radiation properties of the
antenna array are presented. The array is applicable in polarimetric,
impulse based ultra wideband imaging or radar systems with high angular
selectivity and high range resolution."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0909:Real,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Christian Callegari and Stefano Giordano and Michele
Pagano and Teresa Pepe",
TITLE="A {Real-Time} Algorithm for Skype Traffic Detection and Classification",
BOOKTITLE="The 9th International Conference on  Next Generation Wired/Wireless
Advanced Networking",
ADDRESS="St.Petersburg, Russia",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Skype, Traffic Classification",
ABSTRACT={In the last years Skype has gained more and more attention from both
the users and the scientific community.
Namely, the users are interested in its ability to provide a free and
reliable way to make phone calls over the Internet, while the
scientific community is interested in the reverse-engineering process,
because of the proprietary design of the application. In more detail, both
Skype protocols and algorithms are unknown
and use strong encryption mechanisms, making it very difficult to even
reveal Skype presence inside a traffic aggregate.
This issue is of primary interest for the
scientific community and, above all, of big economical relevance for the
operators.

In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for detecting Skype
traffic, based on both signature-based and statistical
approaches. The proposed algorithm is able to reveal in real time the
presence of Skype clients in the monitored network, and to distinguish
among the several types of Skype {"}activities{"}: direct calls, calls with
relay node, Skypeout calls, and file tranfers.
To assess the effectiveness of our method we have tested
the system over several traffic data sets, collected in different
networks. Moreover we have compared the performance offered by our system
with those provided by {"}classical{"} classification techniques, as well 
as by state-of-the-art Skype classifier.}
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0909:Service,
AUTHOR="Dionisis Adamopoulos",
TITLE="{Service-Oriented} Support for the Design of Web Services",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications",
ADDRESS="Wrexham, North Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=8,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Web services, Web service engineering, Internet middleware, service grids",
ABSTRACT="Web services are emerging technologies that can be considered as the result
of the continuous improvement of Internet services due to the tremendous
increase in demand that is being placed on them. They are rapidly evolving
and are expected to change the paradigms of both software development and
use, by promoting software reusability over the Internet, by facilitating
the wrapping of underlying computing models with XML, and by providing
diverse and sophisticated functionality fast and flexibly in the form of
composite service offerings. In this paper, the different facets of Web
services are identified and a flexible approach to engineering complex Web
services is adopted in the form of a proposed framework for the development
of Web services. After the examination of its main constituent parts, it is
argued that its full potential and that of Web service engineering in
general, is realized through the gradual formation of a rich service grid
offering value-added supporting functionality and therefore the main
desirable properties of such a service grid are highlighted. Finally, the
paper outlines a validation approach for the proposed framework and
assembles important pointers for future work and concluding remarks."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0909:Service,
AUTHOR="Dionisis Adamopoulos",
TITLE="Service Engineering Activities for the Utilisation of Programmable Network
Infrastructure",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications",
ADDRESS="Wrexham, North Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=8,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Service design; new telecommunications services; service engineering;
service creation; UML",
ABSTRACT="The advent of deregulation combined with new opportunities opened by
advances in telecommunications technologies has significantly changed the
paradigm of telecommunications services, leading to a dramatic increase in
the number and type of services that telecommunication companies can offer.
Building new advanced multimedia telecommunications services in a
distributed and heterogeneous environment is very difficult, unless there
is a methodology to support the entire service development process in a
structured and systematic manner, and assist and constrain service
designers and developers by setting out goals and providing specific means
to achieve these goals. Therefore, in this paper, after a brief
presentation of a proposed service creation methodology, its service design
phase is examined in detail focusing on the essential activities and
artifacts. In this process, the exploitation of important service
engineering techniques and UML modelling principles is especially
considered. Finally, alternative and complementary approaches for service
design are highlighted and a validation attempt is briefly outlined."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0910:Selecting,
AUTHOR="David Adams and David Corley and Moss Scott",
TITLE="Selecting production parameters to ensure that picture quality accommodates
the intended and possible future imaging systems.",
BOOKTITLE="2009 SMPTE Technical Conference \& Exhibition",
ADDRESS="Hollywood, California, USA",
DAYS=27,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="David Corley et al",
ABSTRACT="For many years there has been an emphasis on increasing dynamic range and
colour saturation in television and, to an even greater extent, in digital
cinema. This begs the question; just how much data do we really need to
record and store? An epic motion picture to be shown on a 20 m screen at
3000:1 contrast ratio could justify the ultimate image quality, but this
could be overkill for a daily breakfast show typically viewed in a kitchen.
This paper discusses five aspects of studio production and postulates that
each is analogous to a “filter” and that it is pointless to try and
pass through such filters anything outside the “passband”. Practical
production methods that will optimize image quality to fit the available
bandwith are proposed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0910:Social,
AUTHOR="Brett Adams and Dinh Phung and Svetha Venkatesh",
TITLE="Social Reader: Following Social Networks in the Wilds of the Blogosphere",
BOOKTITLE="ACM Multimedia 2009 - Workshop on Social Media",
ADDRESS="Beijing, P.R. China",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Blog, social network, visualization",
ABSTRACT="The social interactions manifest in blogs by the network of comments left
by owners and readers are an under-used resource, both for blog pundits and
industry. We present a web-based feed reader that renders these
relationships with a graph representation, and enables exploration by
displaying people and blogs who are proximate to a user's network. Social
Reader is an example of Casual Information Visualization, and aims to help
the user understand and explore blog-based social networks in a daily,
real-life setting. A six week study of the software involving 20 users
confirmed the usefulness of the novel visual display, via a quantitative
analysis of use logs, and an exit survey."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0911:CoRe,
AUTHOR="Helmut Adam and Wilfried Elmenreich and Christian Bettstetter and
Sidi-Mohammed Senouci",
TITLE="{CoRe-MAC:} A {MAC-Protocol} for Cooperative Relaying in Wireless Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Ad Hoc Sensor and Mesh Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="cooperative relaying, cooperative diversity, MAC, relay selection, CSMA/CA",
ABSTRACT="Cooperative relaying methods can improve wireless links, but introduce
overhead due to relay selection and resource reservation compared to
non-cooperative transmission. In order to be competitive, a cooperative
relaying protocol must avoid or compensate for this overhead.

In this paper, we present a MAC protocol for relay selection and
cooperative communication as an extension to CSMA/CA which addresses
resource reservation, relay selection, and cooperative transmission while
keeping the overhead in terms of time and energy low. We discuss the
efficiency of this protocol for packet error rate, throughput, and message
delay in a multi-hop network. Simulation results show that the protocol
performs similar and without noticeable overhead compared to standard
CSMA/CA for good SNR while it is able to significantly improve throughput
and reliability at larger distances."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0911:Simple,
AUTHOR="Ismail Adam and Azah Mohamed and Hilmi Sanusi",
TITLE="Simple phase angle measurement of the two periodic signals",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT",
ADDRESS="UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA, SERDANG, Malaysia",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="simple algorithm; phase angle",
ABSTRACT="In this paper the simple algorithm to measure the phase angle between the
two periodic signals is presented. It uses the digitized samples of the two
signals and works on simple data sorting and interpolation techniques. The
algorithm sorts for the location in which the changing of the signals from
negative to positive takes place in the given data sequences. It localizes
the exact zero crossing by interpolating the signals of the sorted
locations and deduces the phase angle based on the localized zero crossing
of the two sequences of the sampled signals. The algorithm has been
implemented in the 16-bit microcontroller and the performance of the
developed algorithm based on the simulation and practical results are
presented. The novelty of this paper is in the simplicity of the technique
to determine the phase angle which makes it possibly to be implemented and
reduces the overall cost of the system."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adam0912:Leveraging,
AUTHOR="Davide Adami and Stefano Giordano and Michele Pagano and Luiz Gustavo
Zuliani",
TITLE="On Leveraging Future Internet Services Through Multidomain Layer 1
Virtualization",
BOOKTITLE="3rd IEEE Workshop on Enabling the Future Service-Oriented Internet -
Towards Socially-Aware Networks",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Future Internet; NGN; interdomain; layer 1 virtualization",
ABSTRACT="NGNs are being envisioned to circumvent the ossification of current
Internet and leverage advanced and profitable services. It is still unclear
how this will be realized, but network infrastructure virtualization
continues to gain momentum as an elegant solution to accommodate concurrent
NGNs in a flexible, robust fashion. Despite this trend and the fact that
the Internet will continue to grown as autonomous domains, virtualization
of multidomain infrastructures is an unexplored problem. This paper tackles
this very problem, presenting a preliminary architecture to enable NGNs
services through a multidomain layer 1 virtualization."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adda0000:Light,
AUTHOR="Ravi Addala and Bruhadeshwar Bezawada and Garimella Rammurthy",
TITLE="A Light Weight Token Passing Algorithm for Energy Efficient Data
Dissemination in Resource Constrained Networks",
BOOKTITLE="The 12th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia
Communications",
ADDRESS="Sendai, Miyagi, Japan",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Energy Efficiency, Leveling , Token passing, Grouping, Clustering, Data
dissemination, Base station",
ABSTRACT="We consider the problem of energy-efficient data transmission
in networks such as sensor networks, where the nodes are resource
constrained and have limited mobility. In these networks
nodes collect data and transmit it towards a central base
station in a collaborative fashion. The main problem in such
networks is that nodes waste their energy in redundant transmissions
and thereby reduce their utility. Clustering based algorithms
have been shown to be effective in reducing energy
usage in such scenarios. However, failure of the cluster leaders
results in the cluster re-organization process causing further energy
drain and disruption of data dissemination. In this paper,
we describe a light-weight token passing protocol -Energy Efficient
Routing using Grouping and Token passing (EERGT),
that partitions the network into hierarchical levels and uses a
token to arbitrate the message transmission at a each level. In
our approach the data forwarding is done only across the hierarchical
levels. Within a given level, a node can forward
a packet only if it possesses the token. The token is passed
onto its neighboring node after the packet is successfully transmitted.
We show that, using our approach, the nodes are able
to reduce their energy consumption by 7-35\% when compared
to existing approaches and the nodes are able to survive for a
longer period of time. An important aspect of approach is that
it can be integrated into the popular cluster based approaches.
This feature shows that our approach is beneficial not only as a
stand-alone technique but also when integrated with other existing
schemes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adde0906:Target,
AUTHOR="Paolo Addesso and Stefano Marano and Vincenzo Matta",
TITLE="Target Localization in Sensor Networks: Consensus, but not so much",
BOOKTITLE="The Tenth IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in
Wireless Communications",
ADDRESS="Perugia, Italy",
PAGES="554-557",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="wireless sensor networks; decentralized estimation; consensus; target
localization",
ABSTRACT="After measuring the distance from a target, the nodes of a
wireless sensor network attempt to improve their measurements
by implementing a gossip procedure. However, gossip
algorithms eventually end up with full agreement about a
common value that is useless for target location. Therefore,
we propose a partial consensus scheme in which the number
of gossip steps are carefully calibrated with the goal of maintaining
a sufficient degree of diversity among nodes, while
still refining on the original measurements. This way, we can
approximately reconstruct the likelihood profile through the
network, which is effective for the estimation task. Indeed,
the proposed estimator, based on a partial agreement among
the sensors, is shown to be asymptotically normal with variance
close to its theoretical lower bound."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Addu0905:Method,
AUTHOR="Francesco Adduci",
TITLE="Method to Suppress Multipath in Radio Receivers",
BOOKTITLE="13th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan",
PAGES="479-482",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="multipath; FM; radio; equalization; equalize; diversity",
ABSTRACT="How to detect, mitigate or suppress the effect of multipath on the FM radio
signal, estimating its energy by the Teager-Kaiser nonlinear operator"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adeb0903:Multi,
AUTHOR="Bamidele Adebisi and Saqib Ali and Bahram Honary",
TITLE="{Multi-Emitting/Receiving} Points {MMFSK} for {High-Rate} Power-line
Communications",
BOOKTITLE="International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany",
PAGES="239-243",
DAYS=29,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="FSK, ISI, M3FSK, MCM, MMFSK, Multi-Wire, PLC, Power- line, SF, ST.",
ABSTRACT="This paper investigates multiple emitting/receiving points diversity
technique for high-rate data transmission over frequency selective
multi-wire channels. To be resilient to the inter-symbol interference (ISI)
present in the frequency selective fading, diversity technique must be used
in conjunction with wide band multi-carrier modulation (MCM). We propose an
efficient Space-frequency (SF) coded Multi-tone M-ary Multi-level FSK
(M3FSK) for high-rate indoor communications. Simulation results show that
there is up to 5dB performance improvement of the SF over single-wire M3FSK
systems in highly impulsive power-line environments."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adeg0905:Experimental,
AUTHOR="Kokou Mattewu Adegnon and Yves Dubé and Kodjo Agbossou",
TITLE="Experimental evaluation of {PEM} fuel cell systems efficiency",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="716-719",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Fuel cells, experimental, efficiency, power",
ABSTRACT="Nowadays, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
(PEMFC) is considered as one of the most promising
sources of energy with zero emissions. Therefore,
maintaining the PEMFC system in its optimal operating
conditions is one of the most important research orientations
in the domain. In fact, the system’s efficiency depends
highly on the electric power generated, the amount of
hydrogen used and the power consumed by the air
compressor to operate the fuel cell stack. In this work, the
experimental efficiency of the PEMFC system has been
evaluated for different values of the PEMFC parameters
such as purges frequency, stack temperature, air relative
humidity, pressures and mass flow rates of reagents. Then
the experimental results show that for a given load current,
an optimal efficiency can be obtained by choosing the right
values for the parameters."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adek0909:Efficient,
AUTHOR="Andrew Adekunle",
TITLE="On Efficient Data Integrity and Data Origin Authentication for Wireless
Sensor Networks Utilising Block Cipher Design Techniques",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference and Exhibition on Next Generation Mobile
Applications, Services, and Technologies",
ADDRESS="Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Message authentication code; data integrity; data origin authentication;
Skipjack; wireless sensor networks",
ABSTRACT="For correct operational performance it is often necessary in wireless
sensing applications to determine if both intentional and unintentional
modifications to data transmitted between sensing nodes has occurred. A
popular method of achieving this goal is to use a block cipher in a cipher
block chaining mode of operation for computing and verifying a message
authentication code (CBC-MAC). The classical CBC-MAC construct as used in
many applications is not secure for variably sized messages and while a
National Institution of Standards and Technology (NIST) variant, called
CMAC, addresses the security deficiencies of CBC-MAC, it is only
recommended for operational use with a 128-bit block cipher. As a number of
wireless sensing applications still utilise 64-bit block ciphers, it is
therefore still an interesting problem to improve the security and
performance of cipher chaining mode-MAC constructs that use 64-bit block
ciphers. In this paper an analysis of the security requirements for a MAC
function targeted at wireless sensor applications is undertaken; the
conclusions are used in the design of two new MAC constructs Quick-MAC 1
(QMAC 1) and Quick-MAC 2 (QMAC 2). We show by software simulation that our
new constructs point to improvements in CPU instruction clock cycle usage
and indicated energy requirement over data frame lengths of interest, when
benchmarked against the de facto CBC-MAC based construct used in the
TinySec security protocol for wireless sensor networks. Our benchmark
results using Skipjack as the underlying block cipher indicate that our new
constructs give an improvement of 15\% increasing to 37\% in CPU clock
cycle usage for data frame lengths of between 16 bytes and 56 bytes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adel0000:P300,
AUTHOR="M. Adeli and Bijan {Vosoughi Vahdat}",
TITLE="{P300} Wave Amplitude as a Measure of Detection of Guity Knowledge by
Taking into Account the Individual Diagnostics",
BOOKTITLE="UKSim 11th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation",
ADDRESS="Cambridge, United Kingdom",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="P300, Guilty Knowledge, oddball paradigm",
ABSTRACT="In this paper we have used the amplitude of the
P300 component of event related potentials as a measure to
detect guilty knowledge. 14 subjects participated in the tests. The
subjects were divided into two 7-member groups, called liar and
control groups. The visual stimuli were presented every 7
second. We used subjects’ birthdates as relevant stimuli in liar group.
In liar
group, we used one relevant, one target and 4 irrelevant stimuli.
Taking into consideration individual diagnostics, any subject’s
data was processed separately. Under these circumstances, for
any subject within liar group, in channels Pz and Fz the
amplitude of P300 for target and relevant stimuli was much
greater than P300 amplitude for irrelevant stimuli. In control
group, as we expected, P300 amplitude for target stimulus was
much greater than that for irrelevant stimuli in the
abovementioned channels. Therefore P300 amplitude could
distinguish liar and control groups correctly."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adel0902:PEARSH,
AUTHOR="Olufemi Adeluyi and Sangman Moh and Jeong-A Lee",
TITLE="{PEARSH:} A Power Efficient Algorithm for Raising Sensor {Half-Life} With
Wireless Battery Recharge Module",
BOOKTITLE="Sensors Applications Symposium",
ADDRESS="New Orleans, LA, USA",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="sensors, half-life, power, energy harvesting circuit",
ABSTRACT="This paper presents a two-pronged approach to the perennial power
constraint challenge faced by wireless sensor networks. The first is a
Power Efficient Algorithm for Reducing Sensor Half-life (PEARSH), an
algorithm that increases the lifespan of sensors through the efficient use
of sensor battery power. The second is the insertion of a charging circuit
connected to a proposed modified mica mote antenna to regularly charge the
battery. This charger is based on a rectenna that harvests energy from the
RF signals transmitted in the network. The sequential steps for the PEARSH
process and the guiding rationale for each step are discussed.  A proposed
modified mica mote (m2-Mote) is also presented that incorporates the
rectenna and dc-battery charger.  Finally, energy analysis and simulation
are carried out to highlight the gains of our technique. Our analysis show
an increase in the lifespan of wireless sensor networks by a factor of up
to 42\% when compared with the best case of LEACH and 4.8 times better than
when direct communication is used.  Also, this increase can be even more
substantial with the m2-mote and wireless battery charger option."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aden0000:NN,
AUTHOR="Ahmed Adeniran and Moustafa Elshafei and Gharib Hamada",
TITLE="Functional Networks Softsensor for Formation Porosity and Water Saturation
inOil Wells",
BOOKTITLE="International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference",
ADDRESS=", Singapore",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="functional networks; neural networks; porosity; water saturation; well log",
ABSTRACT="Formation porosity and water saturation play important role in evaluating
potential oil reservoirs and for drafting development plans for new oil
fields. This paper presents a novel method for estimating these two
important parameters directly from conventional well measurements. The
recently proposed Functional Networks technique is applied for rapid and
accurate prediction of these parameters using six and five basic well log
measurements as data for porosity and water saturation respectively.
Functional network is a generalization of the conventional Feed Forward
Neural Networks, which overcome many of the drawbacks of the conventional
neural network techniques. The proposed functional network was trained
using data gathered from two wells in the Middle East region. Results
obtained from this case study using the proposed intelligent technique have
shown to be fast and accurate."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adey0900:Control,
AUTHOR="Michael Adeyeye and Neco Ventura and David Humphrey",
TITLE="Control Services for The {HTTP} Session Mobility Service",
BOOKTITLE="NTMS - New Technologies and ServicesTrack",
ADDRESS="Cairo, Egypt",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Web session mobility, content sharing, session handoff",
ABSTRACT="In our previous work, a hybrid architectural scheme was proposed to migrate
web sessions between PCs. Only the client-side of the work was however
achieved. The work included developing a Web browser extension and creating
a new service, namely content sharing and session handoff. This further
research explores the proxy-side of the architecture. It entails creating
new services that control the interaction between Web browsers. The
services are provided to further improve the Web-browsing experience and
are derived from existing telecommunication services, such as call transfer
and call blocking. Although the services – call transfer and call
blocking - are peculiar to telecommunications, they are feasible in the
Web-browsing context owing to identities in Web browsers, which could make
them interact with one another like phones. Our approach uses the best of
the Internet protocols (SIP, XML, HTTP) to provide a controllable HTTP
session mobility service between two or more Web browsers."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adhi0000:Optimizing,
AUTHOR="Iwan Adhicandra and Rosario Garroppo and Stefano Giordano",
TITLE="Optimizing System Capacity and Application Delays in {WiMAX} Networks",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems 2009",
ADDRESS="Siena, Italy",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="WiMAX; AMC; HARQ",
ABSTRACT="The IEEE 802.16 technology (WiMAX) is a promising technology for providing
last-mile connectivity by radio link due to its large coverage area, low
cost of deployment and high speed data rates. However, the maximum number
of channels defined in the current system may cause a potential bottleneck
and limit the overall system capacity. The aim of this paper is to compare
the impact on system performance of different solutions used to mitigate
the impairments due to the radio channel. In particular, taking into
account the WiMAX system capacity as well as application delays, the paper
presents the simulation results obtained when a static QPSK ½ Modulation
and Coding Scheme (MCS) is adopted. Then, the study is aimed at evaluating
the improvements introduced by the adoption of an adaptive modulation and
coding (AMC) and an AMC jointly with Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
(HARQ). Results indicate that the best strategy is to use an aggressive AMC
table with HARQ."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adhi0909:Study,
AUTHOR="Kanchan Adhikari and Pedro Montenegro",
TITLE="Study and Analysis of Radiation Level at Different Hospitals in Nepal.",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 03 (Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of
lonizing and Non-lonizing Radiation)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Dose Limit; Workload; Radiation Protection; Personnel monitoring",
ABSTRACT="In Nepal, diagnostic use of radiation has been practiced for a long time.
We have no radiation regulatory board, which controls the radiation
protection activities. This study was done to develop radiation safety
culture to benefit Nepalese People, to create awareness on radiation, to
make the radiation workers aware on possible radiation health hazard and to
know their view on radiation protection, to make inventory of availability
of equipment of the surveying hospitals and to initiate steps towards
establishment of Nepalese code of radiological Practice. The following
activities were carried out to assess the status of radiation protection at
different radiological centers, questionnaire for radiation workers,
radiation dose level measurement and made an inventory of availability of
radiation producing equipment of surveyed hospitals. The dose level were
measured by Roentgen Gamma Ray Dosimeter (RGD27091) and FAGFH40F1. To
calculate equivalent dose level H (mSv/week) we measure dose rate level in
each area D (mSv/min) in an exposition at higher kV, mAm and minm 
Altogether 15 Hospitals were monitored, and 86 radiation workers
entertained the questionnaire. Some radiation workers are not qualified and
do not have knowledge on radiation but doing X-ray procedure. Most of the
general X-ray and CT working areas are safe but some need more protection,
in the patient entering door and control console area. In Fluoroscopy some
exceeds the dose limit noted by International Commission on Radiological
Protection (ICRP). None of the surveyed hospitals have Personnel monitoring
system. Most of the radiation workers are aware of radiation hazard and
wanted TLD for personnel monitoring, radiation regulatory board and
radiation act. The interesting thing we found during our survey is that
some unqualified personnel are exposing the patients."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adhi0912:Critical,
AUTHOR="Shubhodeep Adhikari",
TITLE="Critical Analysis of {Multi-Antenna} Systems in the {LTE} Downlink",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE International Conference on Internet Multimedia Systems Architecture
and Application",
ADDRESS="Bangalore, India",
DAYS=9,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="4G Wireless, LTE, MIMO, Closed Loop Spatial Multiplexing, Open Loop Spatial
Multiplexing, Simulation",
ABSTRACT="Abstract— Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an emerging 4G wireless access
technology. It is showing a lot of promise in field trials and gradually
gaining acceptance among the major wireless vendors such as
Verizon-Vodafone, NTT-Docomo, KDDI, China Mobile, T-Mobile and others.
Multi-Antenna or Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems which
involve the use of more than one antenna at the transmitter and receiver
are a primary enabler of the high spectral efficiency and data rate sought
to be achieved by LTE. There are well known texts that describe the
theoretical aspects of MIMO. There are also texts that describe MIMO
implementations specific to LTE. This paper is novel in the following 2
aspects: A) It provides deep physical interpretations into the function and
performance of MIMO in LTE. Such insights would not have been published
elsewhere in the literature B) It provides performance evaluation of MIMO
obtained from simulation results based on a full fidelity implementation of
the latest version of the LTE Radio Interface standards (3GPP TS 36.211 and
36.213). No short-cuts are taken. MIMO performance is tabulated and
explained for various ITU channel models (Pedestrian A, Vehicular A,
Typical Urban), Doppler spreads (5, 70, 300Hz) and antenna correlation
conditions (High, Low). The treatment is fully complaint with the
specifications laid down in the LTE performance standards 3GPP TS 36.101
and 36.104. The simulated MIMO performance is compared against a twofold
system: Theoretical expectations that are derived in this paper and LTE
3GPP performance benchmarks."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adi0000:Clon,
AUTHOR="Wael Adi",
TITLE="{Clon-Resistant} Network Unit Identification",
BOOKTITLE="Workshop on Next Generation Public Safety Communication Networks and
Technologies",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Network Security",
ABSTRACT="Contemporary communication networks lack a resilient identification for
their participating network entities as switches, hosts, terminals, mobile
devices etc. A provable unclonable identity for physical units was not an
essential security requirement in most contemporary networks. The reasons
include historical flexibility requirements and expected hardware
complexity and the difficulty to cope with additional system identity which
is not essential for operation requirements. This represents, however one
fundamental security gap as tracing network attacks would be impossible in
many cases due to the lacking physical security. Once a network entity can
be replaced by another fake unit, many denial of service attacks,
replacements attacks or man in the middle attacks become quite easy and
mostly successful. “Physical Unclonable Functions” PUFs were proposed
to generate unclonable identity[6], [7], [8]. PUFs however are costly and
complex to manage or deliver inconsistent voltage and temperature sensitive
results. In this work a hard to clone structures for network physical
entities are proposed. Based on evolving dynamic identity properties, units
can be securely traced in an operating network in such a way that it is
virtually infeasible to clone due to practical reasons. The proposed
technique is combining the time scale as a true irreversible “one-way
function” together with the transaction profile in the system environment
to come up with practically unclonable identity after a short operating
time. This represents with the progress of time unclonable uniqueness,
which can be efficiently used for identification. The paper demonstrates a
sample scenario including core cryptographic primitives towards creating
and managing such living and evolving identity for relevant communication
networks units."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adi0000:Robust,
AUTHOR="Khaled Hamouid and Kamel Adi",
TITLE="Robust Key Management Scheme for Certification in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks",
BOOKTITLE="14th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications",
ADDRESS="Sousse, Tunisia",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="This paper proposes Robust Key Management scheme (\rkm): a new
certification management scheme for mobile ad-hoc networks. \rkm, based on
threshold cryptography, ensures better robustness compared to other schemes
proposed in the literature. In particular, it guarantees the
confidentiality of the private key of the certification authority, even if
the number of compromised nodes exceeds the threshold of vulnerability.
Thus, our model offers better protection against many attacks such as
mobile adversary attack."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adi0906:Hardware,
AUTHOR="Wael Adi and Nizar Kassab",
TITLE="Hardware Architecture for Trustable Vehicular Electronic Control Units",
BOOKTITLE="International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Leipzig, Germany",
DAYS=21,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Vehicular Security, Clone resistant Vehicular identity",
ABSTRACT="Most popular attacks on vehicular systems involve replacing legal by fake
physical unit or manipulating existing system elements. Cars incorporate
many functional units such as the odometer and maintenance counters, which
have to be uniquely identified and supposed to stay manipulation-free for
the virtual vehicle lifetime of about 15 years. A novel clone-resisting
technology is proposed for vehicular environment. The particular resulting
property is that even the participating vehicular manufacturers can hardly
clone own fabricated units. A new physical architecture and unit
personalization process are implemented in the production scenario such
that fair and controllable production license agreements can be enforced.
Vehicular production includes many sub-contractors manufacturing sub-units
therefore a new multi-identity certification is embedded and linked to a
scalable authentication protocol. The identity is kept in a living/dynamic
process such that even if a cloning attack was successful at some time
point, it would be soon identified for sure in later transactions. This
fact is frustrating for system attackers as the attack’s costs are too
high and the use out of a successful attack becomes negligible. Authentic
physical hardware anchor can build the basis for a trustable secured
vehicular communication system as indicated in [10] and [11]. A short risk
and threat analysis is demonstrating the security stability of the system."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adi0907:Deploying,
AUTHOR="Wael Adi and Noureddine Ouertani and Abdulrahman Hanoun and Bassel Soudan",
TITLE="Deploying {FPGA} {Self-Configurable} Cell Structure for Micro
{Crypto-Functions}",
BOOKTITLE="14th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications",
ADDRESS="Sousse, Tunisia",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Security, Secret Ciphers, Self generated ciphers, Block ciphers, Micor
Involution",
ABSTRACT="Reconfigurable and even self-reconfigurable VLSI architecture is
increasingly developed and deployed in modern electronic systems.
Programmable cell structures of the majority of FPGA technologies exhibit
an interesting architecture, which can be programmed as micro-involution
usable for cryptographic functions. It is shown that such micro-involution
mappings can be dynamically self-generated and linked in a one- or
two-dimensional array embedded in reconfigurable FPGAs. The result
represents an evolvable self-generated embedded secret cipher, which is
operational even if it is not known to anybody. The fact that FPGA cells
include free programmable LUTs results with a large mapping space if
associated and linked in an efficient array architectures. The
cryptographic relevance of the proposed structures is shown to be a
promising security architecture for novel physical security applications.
The paper introduces first investigations toward such embedded security
architectures and possible applications scenarios. The unusual secret
cipher generated with the help of a physical true random generator TRG is
possible as a result of the resent trends towards the self-reconfiguration
capability of such modern VLSI technologies."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adil0907:Assessment,
AUTHOR="SMH Adil",
TITLE="Assessment of High Performance Precast Wall System for Use in {USGBC}
{LEED} Green Building Frame Work.",
BOOKTITLE="2009 International Conference on Advances in Computational Tools for
Engineering Applications",
ADDRESS="Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, Lebanon",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Energy Modeling, High Performance Green Buildings, LEED Certification,
ASHRAE 90.1,2004 Energy Performance Standards,Energy Plus 2.2, DOE
2.1e,Building Envelop, Hot and Humid Climates, Energy Efficient
Architecture.",
ABSTRACT="The paper establishes various quick facts associated with the building
envelop/fabric and the impact of its components and properties like window
to wall ratio, wall and glazing insulation, out side surface roughness and
surface thermal absorption on over all building energy performance compare
to ASHRAE IESNA 90.1, 2004 Energy Performance Standard. To assist in the
better design the authors have also tried to highlight the tradeoffs for
operational cost optimization that can be applied in the building in the
form of thumb rules as saving per m2 or cost intensity, energy intensity,
tons of CO2 saved and window to wall ratio based on insulation. These
figures help quick calculation in selection of custom wall products thus
the right and optimum choice without going in details of the building
dynamics. The curves and look up tables generated in the simulation
analysis are also serving as a quick reference to architects and engineers
in understanding the impact of various shapes, massing schemes of the
proposed building with reference to United States Green Building Council
USGBC’s, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED’s frame
work. The analysis was done on state of the art whole building energy
simulation codes by United States Department of Energy, i.e. Energy plus
2.2 and DOE2.1e software programs."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adju0000:Correlation,
AUTHOR="Irina Adjudeanu and Chouinard Jean-Yves and Paul Fortier",
TITLE="On the correlation between error weights and syndrome weights for belief
propagation decoding of {LDPC} codes",
BOOKTITLE="11th Canadian Workshop on Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Ottawa, Ontario, Canada",
PAGES="36-41",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="LDPC, error weight, syndrome weight, SPA decoding.",
ABSTRACT="This paper analyzes the correlation between the
error weights and the syndrome weights during the sum product
algorithm (SPA) decoding process of low density parity check
codes (LDPC) to improve the error performance and the decoding
speed. In this paper, we propose a modified SPA decoding
algorithm to improve the decoding performance of the nondecoded
codewords and investigate if this new algorithm takes
indeed the best decoding decision for each codeword. The effect
of the averaged decoding over the error weights and syndrome
weights are analyzed as well as their correlation. The correlation
coefficient between them are computed and a weight enumerator
polynomial is used to jointly represent the error and syndrome
weight distribution for each codeword."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adle0902:Specific,
AUTHOR="Catherine Adley and Khalil Arshak and Camila Molnar and Kamila Oliwa and
Vijayalakshmi Velusamy",
TITLE="Design of specific {DNA} probes to detect the Bacillus cereus group
species:Development of a {DNA} Biosenor",
BOOKTITLE="Sensors Applications Symposium",
ADDRESS="New Orleans, LA, USA",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Bacillus cereus spp.; foodborne pathogen detection;DNA; primers; biosensor.",
ABSTRACT="One of the most prevalent pathogens that cause
foodborne outbreaks is the Bacillus cereus group species
generally found in different types of food. Recently many
researchers are focusing towards the progress of rapid methods
to detect foodborne pathogens. Every year many innovative
methodologies for bacterial detection are being developed to
improve sensitivity and speed of detection. DNA biosensor is one
of the proposed solutions for the detection of foodborne
pathogens which can be used for food quality assurance.
This paper reports that the DNA sequences named
BCFomp1/BCRomp1 can be used for the specific detection of B.
cereus group species. Analysis of these primers using standard
PCR analysis showed that the minimum level of detection was 103
CFU/ml. The lowest number of bacterial cell per reaction tube
that can be amplified was 5 CFU and the minimum quantity of
DNA that can be amplified was found to be 1pg."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adli0909:Database,
AUTHOR="Diana Adliene and Marius Laurikaitis and Jurgita Laurikaitiene and Inga
Cibulskaite and Ausra Urboniene",
TITLE="Database {MAMOLIT} for mammography screening patients in Lithuania",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 03 (Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of
lonizing and Non-lonizing Radiation)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="mammography; thermoluminescence dosimetry; entrance surface dose; average
glandular dose; dose reference level.",
ABSTRACT="Patient doses in mammography screening examinations in Lithuania have been
investigated within a period between 2003 and 2009. In vivo dose
measurements were performed using thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD)
technique. Interactive database MAMOLIT was created, which allowed
calculating of patient’s doses, documenting of measured and calculated
doses and other parameters of the mammography screening examination,
following up of the frequency of patient related X-ray examinations, and
analysing of the collected data from different points of view. Reference
level of 2.4 mGy of the average glandular dose was set for mammography
screening in Lithuania on the base of the obtained results. Present paper
summarises gathered experience and outlines some problems which may occur
when performing dose measurements during mammography screening examinations
of patients."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adna0911:Studies,
AUTHOR="Shahid Adnan and Raed Abd-Alhameed and Stephen Jones and Zuhairiah {Zainal
Abidin} and Muhammad Usman and Hmeda Hraga",
TITLE="Design Studies of {Ultra-Wideband} Microstrip Antenna for {Ultra-Wideband}
Communication",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Loughborough Antennas \& Propagation Conference",
ADDRESS="Burleigh Court Conference Centre, Loughborough University, United Kingdom",
DAYS=16,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="ultra-wideband; monopole antenna.",
ABSTRACT="Abstract: This paper presents a circular printed monopole antenna for the
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna is designed and simulated
using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The antenna achieved over
all bandwidth of 93\%. The operating frequency of the antenna is from 3.1
to 11.5 GHz. The parameters of the antenna which affect the performance of
the antenna are investigated. The paper also presents the experimental
measurement of the return loss and radiation pattern, the simulated and
experimental result shows that the antenna can yield an ultra-wideband with
a good radiation pattern over the required band. The proposed antenna can
be used in wireless ultra-wideband communication"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adol0909:Response,
AUTHOR="Emelie Adolfsson and Gudrun {Alm Carlsson} and Jan-Erik Grindborg and
Håkan Gustafsson and Eva Lund and Åsa {Carlsson Tedgren}",
TITLE="Response of lithium formate {EPR} dosimeters at photon energies relevant to
brachytherapy",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 01 (Radiation Oncology)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="HDR brachytherapy; dosimeter; EPR; lithium formate; energy response",
ABSTRACT="After development of sensitive dosimeter materials Electron Paramagnetic
Resonance EPR dosimetry has been successfully used also in radiation
therapy. The intensity of the EPR-signal is a measure of the amount of free
radicals created by ionizing radiation which is proportional to the
absorbed dose in the dosimeter. Lithium formate monohydrate is a dosimeter
material with 2-6 times higher sensitivity than alanine, a linear dose
response over a wide dose range and mass-energy absorption properties
similar to water. These properties make lithium formate promising for
verification of absorbed doses around high dose rate brachytherapy sources
where the dose gradient is steep and the photon energy distribution
changing with distance from the source. Calibration of the dosimeters is
performed in 60Co or MV photon beams where high dosimetric accuracy is
feasible. The use in brachytherapy field relies on the assumption that the
production of free radicals per mean absorbed dose in the dosimeter is
similar at the lower photon energies present there. The aim of this work
was to test that assumption. 
The response of the dosimeters as a function of photon energy was
determined by irradiations with four x-ray qualities in the range 100-250
kV and 137Cs, relative to the response when irradiated with 60Co, all
photon beams with well-known air kerma rates at the Swedish Secondary
Standards Dosimetry Laboratory. Monte Carlo simulations were used to
convert air kerma free in air to mean absorbed dose to the dosimeter.
The measured response relative 60Co as a function of photon energy was
below unity for all qualities. The maximum deviation from unity was 2.5\%
(100 kV, 135 kV) with a rela-tive standard deviation of 1.5\% (k = 1)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adra0906:2nd,
AUTHOR="Marc Adrat and Jan Leduc and Stefan Couturier and Markus Antweiler and
Harald Elders-Boll",
TITLE="2nd order Cyclostationarity of {OFDM} Signals: Impact of Pilot Tones and
Cyclic Prefix",
BOOKTITLE="ICC 2009 Communication Theory Symposium",
ADDRESS="Dresden, Germany, Germany",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Cyclostationarity; OFDM",
ABSTRACT="This paper deals with 2nd order cyclostationarity of orthogonal frequency
division multiplex (OFDM) signals. A new generalized formula for the
spectral correlation density (SCD) function is derived. Compared to related
work in the literature, our derivation is not restricted to the case that
all sub-carriers of an OFDM signal carry statistically independent data.
The reason for that is that correlated data in terms of pilot symbols are
typically introduced on different carriers for channel estimation and
synchronization purposes. The new formula allows us to analyze the impact
of such pilot symbols on the SCD. In addition, it gives extra information
about the impact of the cyclic prefix."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Adta0000:Modelling,
AUTHOR="Chhavi Adtani and Adwitya Das and Niti Nipun Sharma",
TITLE="Modelling of Hybrid {Bio-Mechanical} Mechanism for Nanorobotic Propulsion",
BOOKTITLE="4th International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents",
ADDRESS="Wellington, New Zealand",
PAGES="83-86",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Nanorobots; nanopropellers; DNA; bio-mechanical actuation",
ABSTRACT="In the present work the thrust force obtained from the unzipping of a dsDNA
has been calculated. Utilizing the force hysteresis pattern obtained during
unzipping and rezipping of a dsDNA and the calculated thrust force, a
feasible DNA based hybrid bio-mechanical actuator model has been proposed
which is considered for usage for locomotion of nanorobots in a liquid
medium."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aebt0905:Optimal,
AUTHOR="Surath Aebtarm and Nizar Bouguila",
TITLE="An Optimal Bivariate Poisson Field Chart for Monitoring Defects",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="691-694",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="attribute chart, control chart, count data, Poisson distribution,",
ABSTRACT="In this article, we propose an optimal bivariate
Poisson field chart to monitor two correlated characteristics of
count data. This chart is based on optimization of bivariate
Poisson confidence interval and projection of bivariate Poisson
data in Poisson field. Both a real case study and simulations
present improved performance of our proposed algorithm. Our
experimental results show improved rate of average run length and
robust detection of means shifts compared with other charts. The
proposed chart is an effectively applicable chart, especially, in
high quality processes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aein0910:Neuro,
AUTHOR="Amin Aeinmehr and Alireza Yazdizadeh and MohammadSadegh Ghazizadeh",
TITLE="{Neuro-PID} Control of an Industrial Furnace Temperature",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Symposium on Industrial Electronics and Applications",
ADDRESS="Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia",
PAGES="768-772",
DAYS=4,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Neural network, PID, Furnace, Combined heat and power, Gas turbine",
ABSTRACT="In this paper temperature control of a batch tank in a glass factory is
investigated. In a turbo-generator system a large amount of energy is
wasted as thermal energy at the exhaust. Therefore, use of Combined Heat
and Power (CHP) systems is highly under attention. In this work a
turbo-generator system and a glass factory are considered as a CHP system.
Since the hot exhaust gas has emissions which have a bad effect on the
quality of molten glass, therefore, the hot exhaust must be used indirectly
in melting glass process, so a rotary regenerator is proposed to transfer
gas turbine exhaust heat to the inlet air of the glass melting furnace. It
is assumed that turbo-generator is operated at full load condition and gas
turbine exhaust is directed into rotary regenerator to transfer gas turbine
exhaust heat to inlet air of glass furnace. By controlling the speed of the
rotary regenerator, the amount of exchanged energy is controlled. An
adaptive control strategy, namely, Neuro-PID controller is proposed in this
paper. The simulation results depict the capabilities of the proposed
controller in different working states."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Aert0903:Designing,
AUTHOR="Wim Aerts and Elke {De Mulder} and Bart Preneel and Guy Vandenbosch and
Ingrid Verbauwhede",
TITLE="Designing Maximal Resolution Loop Sensors for Cryptographic Analysis",
BOOKTITLE="3rd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation",
ADDRESS="Berlin, Germany",
PAGES="415-419",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="In this paper, the maximal spatial resolution of a loop sensor is
investigated. This will result in a practical limit determined by the
desired signal amplitude and working frequency band."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afan0909:Beamline,
AUTHOR="Feras Afaneh",
TITLE="A Beamline for Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy at {SESAME}
Synchrotron in Jordan",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 02 (Diagnostic Imaging)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Medical Imaging; Therapy",
ABSTRACT="Whether for diagnosis or therapeutic purposes, X-rays have many
applications in medicine. Synchrotron Radiation sources open new
perspectives. This has already been the case for a number of years in
molecular and cellular biology where the scope of absorption and
diffraction work has been greatly extended. This could also be the case for
medical imaging and radiotherapy where the characteristics of the beam
(collimation, stability, flux) allow new approaches in the energy range of
radiological X-rays. Such a source is built today in Jordan; known as
SESAME synchrotron facility. The design of the SESAME light source is based
on an electron storage ring with maximum energy of 2.5 GeV and a beam
current of 400 mA. A beamline dedicated to medical imaging and therapy is
proposed to be built at SESAME facility. This beamline will cover medical
imaging (angiography, tomodensitometry, microtomography, X-ray microscopy)
as well as
radiotherapy. One of the most important factors for the design is the high
photon flux required for the various medical applications. This can be
achieved through the combination of the storage ring and a superconducting
multipole wiggler. Special windows and apertures, mirrors and
monochromators are also required to produce beam with high
“cross-sectional” uniformity. This talk includes a description of the
design features of the beamline as well as the insertion device. Moreover
the talk will show the efforts done by the Jordanian medical physicists to
support building-up this beamline. All the aforementioned points make clear
that the “medical Imaging and therapy” beamline at SESAME synchrotron
facility will be of great use to the medical sciences and will lead to
valuable advances in medical imaging and therapy technologies. Furthermore
the beamline will give a major boost to Jordanian’s medical physics
science community."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Affe0912:Cognitive,
AUTHOR="Sofiene Affes and Imen Mrissa and Karim Cheikhrouhou and Alex Stephenne",
TITLE="A Cognitive {Multi-Antenna} Transceiver with a {Multimodal-Pilot-Use} Modem
for Increased Wireless Network Throughput, Coverage and Power Efficiency",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor
Adaptive Processing",
ADDRESS="Aruba, Dutch Antilles, The Netherlands",
PAGES="141-144",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Cognitive Radio, Multi-Antenna, Pilot-Assisted Channel Identification",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, we develop new cognitive antenna-array transceivers with a
multimodal modem that, according to channel conditions, exploits the pilot
signal differently yet optimally for improved adaptive channel
identification and data combining. This new concept allows better
throughput optimization of wireless networks while reducing the Tx pilot
power at the BS. By keeping the Tx pilot power unchanged at the BS, this
increased power efficiency can alternatively translate into an increased
cell-size coverage, i.e., in a reduced deployment cost with relatively less
BSs in a given area."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afol0908:Secure,
AUTHOR="Richard Afolabi",
TITLE="Towards Secure Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks using
Electromagnetic Signature of Emitter",
BOOKTITLE="18th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks",
ADDRESS="San Francisco, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Cognitive Radio Security, Spectrum sensing, Cognitive Radio,
Electromagnetic signature, signal pattern recognition, Camo-attacker",
ABSTRACT="As Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) gain in popularity as an extremely
promising wireless technology that can alleviate the apparent spectrum
scarcity and support innovative wireless applications; they will become
bigger targets for hackers. Moreover, they will also be exposed to diverse
security threats especially at the PHY-layer spectrum sensing module.
Hence, security consideration is central in its development. Starting with
overview of on-going research efforts in CRN security enhancement, this
paper describes a PHY-layer attacker model that exploits the adaptability
and flexibility of CRN. In thwarting this attack, we propose a modified
sensing system architecture and describe a waveform pattern recognition
technique to identify emitters and detect camouflaging attacker by using
the Electromagnetic Signature (EMS) of the transceiver. On the performance
of the algorithm, our simulation results show that our approach is
effective in mitigating denial-of-service threat and facilitating better
radio spectrum utilization."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afon0000:Absorbed,
AUTHOR="Luciana Afonso and Felix Schoefer and Christoph Hoeschen",
TITLE="Absorbed dose enhancement caused by gold particles in polymer gels",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 03 (Radiation Protection and Dosimetry, Biological Effects of
lonizing and Non-lonizing Radiation)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="polymer gel; three-dimensional dosimetry; NMR; gold particles",
ABSTRACT="Previous studies showed that the presence of high-Z materials adjacent to
soft tissues, when submitted to irradiation, enhances the absorbed dose in
these tissues. This effect is due to the outscattering of photoelectrons
from the high-Z materials. The aim of the present work was to measure the
absorbed dose enhancement caused by the presence of different
concentrations of gold particles in polymeric gels."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afon0904:Technology,
AUTHOR="Marcelo Afonso and Mariana Pfitzner and Fernanda Arruda and Daniel Monaco",
TITLE="Technology Transfer in the Brazilian Electric Sector",
BOOKTITLE="The 18th Intenational Conference for management of Technology",
ADDRESS="Orlando, Florida, USA",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=apr,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Technology transfer; Innovation; Electric sector",
ABSTRACT="The Brazilian electric sector has been investing heavily in research and
development for electricity generation, transmission and distribution.
These resources have been available mostly by government efforts,
supervised by the National Agency of Electric Energy – ANEEL. The agency
has defined compulsory investments in R\&D and energy efficiency by the
concessionaires and authorized companies in the Brazilian electric sector.
The main goal of these investments is to improve the technological
development of the sector and the country. An important electric company,
CPFL Energia has been working in partnership with the main Brazilian
universities and also with technology based companies to promote the
research, development and innovation by using open innovation model. Facing
this effort, products of great importance to the sector and to the society
were created and transferred to the productive sector enabling their
commercialization. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the
experience of the CPFL Energia group in technology transfer, using the
green distribution transformer as a successful case. We also report the
social and economic gains achieved by implementing this technology on CPFL
electricity distribution system. The green distribution transformer uses
biodegradable oil, which is less pollutant than mineral oil, besides its
technical advantages. Despite the fact technology transfer is a new process
it plays an important role to leverage innovation in the Brazilian electric
sector."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afsa0912:Bias,
AUTHOR="Bijan Afsari",
TITLE="A {Bias-Variance} Dilemma in Joint Diagonalization and Blind Source
Separation",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor
Adaptive Processing",
ADDRESS="Aruba, Dutch Antilles, The Netherlands",
PAGES="324-327",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="We identify and explain a bias-variance dilemma which exists in the problem
of approximate matrix Joint Diagonalization (JD) as well as in many related
Blind Source Separation (BSS) problems. We consider solving a blind
identification problem based on JD, where at least one of the matrices
under JD is positive definite. We then compare two methods to solve the
problem: The first method consists of the so-called Hard-Whitening (HW)
followed by Orthogonal JD (OJD), and the second method is based on
Non-Orthogonal JD (NOJD). We identify a bias-variance trade-off in this
problem, and argue that there is a region depending on the noise level, the
number of sources and the number of (statistics) matrices used in the JD
process, where the method based on OJD can have less estimation error than
the one based on NOJD, while the former always has higher estimation bias
than the latter. Simulations support the arguments presented. We also
report a constraint proposed in the literature which might be helpful in
finding a good trade-off point between bias and variance."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afsh0000:Effect,
AUTHOR="Saeed Afshinjavid",
TITLE="The effect of clearance upon friction of large diameter hip resurfacing
prostheses using blood, clotted blood and bovine serum as lubricants",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 09 (Neuroengineering, Neural Systems, Rehabilitation and Prosthetics)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Friction, 50mm diameter metal-on-metal hip resurfacing prostheses,
Diametral clearances, Blood and Clotted Blood, BS+CMC and BS+HA (+CMC).",
ABSTRACT="Abstract: Total hip joint implantation is an effective solution for
reducing pain and ailing induced by arthritis or other diseases at the hip
joint. Hence, a conventional metal on polyethylene (PE) bearing device has
been introduced since late 1950’s for implantation. However, due to
significant release of PE wear debris causing swelling at joints and
osteolysis leading to implant loosening and failure in fixation, attempts
are made to optimize implant design, manufacturing and surgical procedures
for a relatively new metal on metal hip resurfacing prostheses of larger
diameters to have lower friction and wear, better fixation and reduced risk
of dislocation.
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of diametral
clearance on friction using a large diameter metal on metal hip resurfacing
prosthesis and various lubricants including blood, clotted blood and
combinations of bovine serum with aqueous solutions of carboxymethyl
cellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afsh0000:Power,
AUTHOR="Jahangir Afsharian and Bin Wu and Navid Reza Zargari",
TITLE="A Novel Power Supply Configuration For {GCT} Gate Drivers",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="916-919",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Abstract—In this paper, a high frequency soft switch
DC/DC converter is proposed for power semiconductors
(e.g., GCT, GTO). The proposed design includes six Parallel
Isolated Power Supplies (PIPS), each supplying a GCT gate
driver at regulated 20Vdc. Unlike self-powered supply which
is design for powering up the switch gate driver for only
one specific converter topology such as CSR, VSR, VSI, etc.,
our design features a general power supply for powering
the gate drivers of switches used in different converter
topologies where high voltage insulation level is required,
such as Medium Voltage Neutral Point Clamped to PWM
CSI converters. One isolated power supply is currently being
tested for a 40W output power while operating with a
switching frequency of 120kHz. This has been made possible
while ensuring zero voltage switching (ZVS) for the main
converter within the power supply. Since PIPS operates in
ZVS, the switching losses are low and hence the efficiency of
the proposed converter is high. Design of the converter and
transformer with multiple outputs are verified by simulation
and experimental results. Based on the comparisons with
other existing converter configurations, we show that PIPS
achieves high efficiency, and significant reduction in the cost
and size of the power supply."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afsh0905:Packet,
AUTHOR="Armita Afsharinejad and Abolfazl Haghighat",
TITLE="Packet Loss Probability Approximation in {High-Speed} Networks Based on
{Self-Similar} Traffic",
BOOKTITLE="Seventh Annual Conference on Communication Networks and Services Research",
ADDRESS="Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Self Similar traffic, QoS",
ABSTRACT="As the Packet/Cell Loss Ratio (PLR/CLR) is counted as one of the major
Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, in this paper we proposed a linear
upper bound expression for the loss probability approximation in high-speed
communication network technologies. These technologies can support multiple
classes of traffic with different QoS requirements and diverse traffic
characteristics, by the use of traffic multiplexing. The proposed
expression can be calculated in real-time, so it can be properly used in
the network multiplexers. Based on the fact that in many cases, the real
traffic in high-speed networks shows a self-similar behavior, we have used
self-similar traffic with Pareto distribution as the input traffic model in
our PLR approximation simulations. We have studied application of this
expression in non-homogeneous as well as homogeneous cases."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afsh0905:Self,
AUTHOR="Jahangir Afsharian and Bin Wu and Navid Reza Zargari",
TITLE="{Self-Powered} Supplies for {SCR,} {IGBT,} {GTO} and {IGCT} Devices: A
Review of The State of The Art",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2009",
ADDRESS="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada",
PAGES="920-925",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Abstract—In this paper, self-powered supply (SPS) techniques
for gate drivers of different high power switches
such as SCRs, IGBTs, GTOs, IGCTs, MOSFETs, and ETOs
are surveyed. System configurations and operation principles
of selected proposals in the literature are demonstrated.
Compared to the external power supplies, SPSs bear the
advantages of lower system cost and size, and increased
reliability of power devices. The merits and drawbacks of
some techniques are also discussed."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afza0000:Extending,
AUTHOR="Syed Rehan Afzal and Christophe Huygens and Wouter Joosen",
TITLE="Extending Middleware frameworks for Wireless Sensor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications",
ADDRESS="St. Petersburg, Russia",
DAYS=12,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Middleware, Networking, Key distribution",
ABSTRACT="We define sensor middleware as the binding code mainly running between the
sensor OS and applications providing programming abstractions to
functionally bridge the gap between application developers and low-level
hardware. Hence it serves the purpose of simplified integration of
components developed by multiple technology vendors. Middleware for
state-of-the-art distributed systems is a relatively mature research area
with a considerable amount of work done on the aforementioned topics. In
this paper we explain why standard distributed systems middleware solutions
are not suitable to address Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) problems.
Illustrated by a health monitoring use case, we propose an enhanced
middleware framework that better addresses the needs of WSN application."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afza0903:Efficient,
AUTHOR="Mahboubeh Afzali and Hossein Ghaffarian",
TITLE="Efficient Use of Channel Bandwidth in {WiMAX} Mesh Network Using Concurrent
Transmission",
BOOKTITLE="Fifth IEEE GCC Conference",
ADDRESS="Kuwait, Kuwait",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Standard IEEE 802.16, WiMAX Mesh, scheduling algorithm, concurrent
transmission, wireless",
ABSTRACT="The WiMAX technology based on IEEE 802.16 standard [1] provides a mechanism
for maximum use of broadband wireless channel. The primary advantages of
WiMAX standard are high data rates, broadband wireless access, high quality
of services, and long coverage range with low deployment cost on a
metropolitan scale. An efficient method for maximum use of channel capacity
is concurrent data transmission. . In the WiMAX Mesh mode, allocation of
bandwidth can be handled by TDMA scheduling. An important challenge of the
concurrent transmission is the interference in the wireless environments.
In this paper; we propose a concurrent data transmission algorithm taking
into account the interference in the WiMAX mesh mode. The simulation
results show that the proposed algorithm yields to increase the performance
of WiMAX networks and to minimize grant time durations."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afza0908:Study,
AUTHOR=" {Afzan Kamarudin}",
TITLE="A Study of Floating-point Adders Designs",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nano Electronics",
ADDRESS="Kota Bharu, Malaysia",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Advances in Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology shows that the
number of transistor per chip is increasing rapidly. As the feature size
decreases makes it possible to use more sophisticated arithmetic units to
increase the performance of floating-point arithmetic. Hence, this paper
will discussed more about floating-point adder design technologies done by
previous researcher. In this paper, we review result from previous
researcher. Based on their result, the architecture that has low latency
will be used as our platform."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Afza0909:Single,
AUTHOR="Muhammad Afzal and Rukhsana Jabeen",
TITLE="Single \& Multibeam Dose Distribution for Treatment Planning of Cancer",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 01 (Radiation Oncology)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="treatment planning,radiotherapy,multibeam radiation therapy",
ABSTRACT="The development of radiotherapy techniques has aimed at the goal of
irradiating a small localised region by sparing the surrounding healthy
tissues. Therefore the success of radiosurgery is critically based on the
accurate information of the distribution of the absorbed dose. Treatment
planning for conventional radiations is based on the assumption that the
effect of a combination of doses at any location in the treatment field in
a multibeam plan will be equivalent to that of a single dose made up of the
total sum of the doses delivered to that location. 
Treatment planning data of 80 patients treated on Cobalt-60 unit for the
treatment of cancer lying in different organs was analyzed. The dose
distribution chart was evaluated for the target and risk organs.
The results of the treatment planning with single field, for tumor at
Pelvis, show the average prescribed dose of 200 cGy was delivered to the
target volume with variation of ±11.6\% ( The healthy organs like Scrum
and Rectum also received a dose of 124 cGy and 95.5 cGy respectively). The
result with three fields, show the average prescribed dose of 200 cGy was
delivered to the target volume with variation of ±6.2\%. The healthy
organs like Scrum and Rectum received a dose of 57.1 cGy and 37.4 cGy
respectively which shows a reduction of about 54\%. The results of  other
organs also show the like trend. 
The investigation show that the use of multibeam treatment planning in
radiation therapy reduces the risk of unwanted absorbed dose in healthy
tissues and increases the accuracy of delivering the prescribed dose to the
tumour volume. Multibeam treatment also provide a delivery of more dose to
the target volume, especially surrounded by other healthy organs as compare
to the single beam radiation therapy."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agap0000:Optimizing,
AUTHOR="Andrei Agapi and Sebastien Soudan and Marcelo Pasin and Pascale
{Vicat-Blanc Primet} and Thilo Kielmann",
TITLE="Optimizing deadline-driven bulk data transfers in overlay networks",
BOOKTITLE="ICCCN 2009 Track on Pervasive Computing and Grid Networking (PCGN)",
ADDRESS="San Francisco, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="routing overlays;congestion minimization;networks with advanced
reservations;deadline-driven transfer scheduling;Internet",
ABSTRACT="Deadline-driven bulk data transfers frequently occur in overlay networks
running data-intensive, distributed workflow applications, such as grid and
cloud environments. What distinguishes such transfers from other Internet
traffic is that overlay nodes should cooperate towards the common goal of
delivering all inter-dependent data timely, rather than follow individual,
selfish goals. For such scenarios, we propose scheduling transfers in
overlays in a globally optimal manner with respect to minimizing overall
network congestion (i.e. minimizing maximum link utilization).

The challenge in this optimization is to jointly address routing of
transfers within the overlay and time-domain transfer scheduling. We
formally define and address the associated problem, the Bulk Data Routing
and Transfer(BDRT). We present a linear programming-based solution to BDRT,
optimal in both routing and time domains. We additionally explore
alternative approaches based on heuristic routing strategies, both
oblivious and time-domain optimized.

We evaluate these solutions via both simulations and Internet transfer
experiments. Our trace-driven simulations leverage PlanetLab public traces
collected by the S3 measurement project, spanning about seven months.
Measurement-based experiments are performed on the Intrigger wide-area grid
and PlanetLab. Evaluation shows that our approach finds optimal solutions,
based on estimations of job arrival times, deadlines and transfer volumes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0000:Autonomic,
AUTHOR="Sandip Agarwala and Luis Bathen and Divyesh Jadav and Ramani Routray",
TITLE="{ParaDisE:} Parallel Discovery Engine for Enterprise Datacenters",
BOOKTITLE="6th International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Communications",
ADDRESS="Barcelona, Spain",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Discovery, monitoring, systems management, autonomic computing",
ABSTRACT="Automatic discovery and monitoring of IT resources is a critical part of
enterprise systems management. In addition to ascertaining internal device
configurations, this discovery process may also need to capture the
capabilities, usage, connectivity, availability, and other information
related
to various IT components. Systems resource management (SRM) tools
typically
implement this discovery process using device specific APIs, custom agents
and/or some standard-based solution (like WBEM and CIM). The discovery
actions
need to be systematically planned; an inefficient implementation or
scheduling
may easily take from a few minutes to several hours to complete in a large
heterogeneous enterprise datacenter.  This paper discusses the various
challenges associated in discovering a datacenter environment and presents
an
autonomic monitoring framework called ParaDisE that builds upon industry
best practices and standards. ParaDisE reduces the overall discovery time
by
more than 50\% in our micro-benchmark experiments as well as in a large
datacenter configuration of a major financial organization."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0000:CDIS,
AUTHOR="Isha Agarwal and Boris Kundu and Anita Kumari and Anand Gupta",
TITLE="{CDIS:} Circle Density based Iris Segmentation",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Contemporary Computing",
ADDRESS="Noida, India",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Non Ideal Iris segmentation; Circular Hough filter; Sobel filter; CASIA
ver.3; Eyelash Removal; Specular Reflections; Pupil Segmentation; Canny
Edge, Eyelid Detection, Eyelid Removal",
ABSTRACT="Biometrics is an automated approach of measuring and analysing physical and
behavioural characteristics for identity verification. The stability of the
Iris texture makes it a robust biometric tool for security and
authentication purposes. Reliable Segmentation of Iris is a necessary
precondition as an error at this stage will propagate into later stages and
requires proper segmentation of non-ideal images having noises like
eyelashes, specular reflections, etc. Iris Segmentation work has been done
earlier but we feel it lacks in detecting iris in low contrast images,
removal of specular reflections, eyelids and eyelashes. Hence, it motivates
us to enhance the said parameters. Thus, we advocate a new approach CDIS
for Iris segmentation including removal of eyelashes, eyelids and specular
reflections apart from pupil segmentation. The results obtained have been
presented using GAR vs. FAR graphs at the end and have been compared with
prior works related to segmentation of iris."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0000:Energy,
AUTHOR="Yuvraj Agarwal and Thomas Weng and Rajesh Gupta",
TITLE="The Energy Dashboard: Improving the Visibility of Energy Consumption at a
{Campus-Wide} Scale",
BOOKTITLE="First Workshop On Embedded Sensing Systems For Energy-Efficiency In
Buildings",
ADDRESS="Berkeley, CA, USA",
DAYS=3,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Energy, Power, Instrumentation, Measurements",
ABSTRACT="Presenting a fairly controlled environment for instrumentation and
implementation of energy use policies, the San Diego campus of the
University California provides an excellent testbed to characterize and
understand energy consumption by buildings at the scale of a small town
with over 45,000 residents. We present data collected from four selected
buildings that are archetype of diverse building from residence halls to
data centers. In particular, we focus on `mixed-use' buildings where the
energy consumption of IT equipment accounts for more than a quarter of the
total energy use. Our detailed observations identify the primary components
of the baseline energy use, and the sources of peaks in energy consumption.
Surprisingly, computing accounts for a large fraction of the baseline
energy use, thus pointing a way to create effectively duty-cycled
enterprise buildings that rely upon coordinated and scalable power
management techniques in computing systems to reduce their power
consumption by half."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0000:Performance,
AUTHOR="Avesh Agarwal and Wenye Wang",
TITLE="Performance Sensitivities of Wireless Mesh Networks Under Path-based {DoS}
Attacks",
BOOKTITLE="Ad Hoc Sensor and Mesh Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless mesh, DoS attacks, performance, experiments",
ABSTRACT="This paper examines the performance of wireless mesh networks (WMNs)
under the impact of path-based denial of service (DoS)
attacks. Specifically, we study the factors that are conducive to the
path-based DoS attacks, while focusing external interferences, medium
errors, and physical diversity. We setup a wireless mesh testbed and
configure a set of experiments to gather measurements and
assess the effects of different factors. We find that the impact of
external interferences and medium errors on network performance is
exacerbated when path-based DoS attacks are carried out. Another
interesting observation is that a far attacker can lead to an
increased performance degradation than a close-by attacker due to
physical diversty. Further, we discuss a simple strategy to counter
path-based DoS attacks, which has potential for reducing the impact of
the attack significantly."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0904:Leveraging,
AUTHOR="Surya Agarwal",
TITLE="Leveraging Technology in Trade Development : Indian Experience",
BOOKTITLE="The 18th Intenational Conference for management of Technology",
ADDRESS="Orlando, Florida, USA",
DAYS=5,
MONTH=apr,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="trade,technology, exports, trade agreements, WTO",
ABSTRACT="Leveraging  Technology in Trade Development : Indian Experience

S.P. Agarwal*, Madan Lal **and   Ajay Chauhan***


	Technology policies, infrastructural facilities and  capacities directly
or indirectly impact trade patterns, competitiveness and growth across the
nations.  New trade policy mechanisms such as world Trade Agreement (WTO),
Regional and Free Trade Agreements (RTA and FTA) on bilateral or
multilateral basis, are assuming increasing significance to promote
international trade.  However, technological implications and role of 
domestic R\&D or technological capacities in evolving or implementing these
agreements at firm level or even national level do not seem to have been
fully understood.  Also, the export behaviour of firms with respect to
their R\&D efforts across the sectors or various levels of technology
intensities in manufacturing are not adequately documented in India.  The
objective of the paper is to study the technological implications in some
of the agreements of WTO and RTAs/FTAs made by India with other countries,
and to examine the export behaviour of firms in relation to R\&D
expenditures.  In this paper, we report findings of our preliminary
analysis for three RTSs/FTAs and Technology Transfer Agreement of WTO; and
also findings of field research for 303  firms for two years, 2005-06 and
2006-07.

	The methodology followed include desk research and collection of details
of the contents of various international trade agreements made by India,
and also about the 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Dr. S.P. Agarwal, Prof. \& Head, Centre for International Trade in
Technology, IIFT, New Delhi,. Telefax : 26522549, Email :
spagarwal(at)iift.ac.in 
** Shri Madan Lal, Consultant, IIFT, New Delhi
***Shri Ajay Chauhan, Research Associate, IIFT, New Delhi
 

technological or research facilities available in identified sectors of
import and export included in the agreements.  Field studies are being
conducted at Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, IIFT, New Delhi, for last
about a decade, about the technology intensive exports  from India.  The
data thus obtained through questionnaire, visits to firms across the
country, and from secondary sources have been analysed and qualitatives
findings presented.  Time series data for five hears 2002-03to 2006-07 for
163 firms has also been analysed.

	The findings from above studies indicate that the firms are not adequately
 aware about the technology related provisions or implications in
international trade agreements on their businesses.  Also, a correspondence
between the sectors/products identified for trade in agreements is yet to
be established so that technological capacities are leveraged for
competitiveness.   Field studies indicated a direct relationship, may be
non-linear, between the export behaviour and R\&D expenditures of firms,
varying with the levels of technologies in manufacturing.  Share of
technology intensive exports in total exports from India has been
increasing over the years, though still much lesser than developed
countries.

	Technological dimensions in international trade agreements are important
and  need to be better understood across the policy makers, S\&T community
and industry.  The Indian industry needs to be more R\&D intensive as it
goes up the value chain, specially in high tech products for
competitiveness.  Suggestive recommendations include better coordination
between technology and trade policies, and a mechanism for collection of
field data and case studies for better decision making and international
negotiations.  Similarly, a  coordinated policy implementation mechanisms
are needed for a conductive national technology and innovation management
environment to support R\&D and technology transfers to industry. 
Appropriate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policies may also be necessary
to catalyse technology and trade related capacities at firm level.  Further
research is needed in the above area."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0906:Limited,
AUTHOR="Manish Agarwal and Dongning Guo and Mike Honig",
TITLE="Limited Feedback for Multicarrier Block Fading Channels: A Rate Distortion
Approach",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE Information Theory Workshop on Networking and Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Volos, Greece",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Limited feedback; channel state feedback; rate distortion theory; Rayleigh
block fading; multicarrier transmission; vector quantization.",
ABSTRACT="This paper studies power loading in a multicarrier
system with channel state feedback of no more than one bit per
sub-channel. Full channel state information is assumed known at
the receiver. A simple model with parallel two-state (good/bad)
memoryless sub-channels is considered first, where feedback is
used to select a given fraction of sub-channels to activate. The
optimal feedback scheme is the solution to a vector quantization
problem, the performance of which is characterized by a rate
distortion function in the limit of infinite number of sub-channels.
Bounds for performance loss with finite number of sub-channels
are also developed. We then consider a second model of a bank of
block Rayleigh fading sub-channels with total power constraint,
where the feedback describes which sub-channels to activate with
equal power. A scheme based on rate distortion code is proposed
to describe which sub-channels exceed a threshold in signal-to-noise
ratio and should be activated. With optimized threshold
and moderate amount of feedback, the resulting capacity is
known to be of the same order in the number of sub-channels as
that achieved by water-filling with full channel state information
at the transmitter. This scheme performs more favorably than
alternative schemes based on channel state reduction (such as by
grouping them) and subsequent entropy coding."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0906:Secrecy,
AUTHOR="Shweta Agarwal and Sriram Vishwanath",
TITLE="On the Secrecy Rate of Interference Networks Using Structured Codes",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Seoul, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="lattice codes, wiretap secrecy, interference channel",
ABSTRACT="THIS PAPER IS ELIGIBLE FOR THE STUDENT PAPER AWARD. This paper shows that
structured transmission schemes are a good choice for secret communication
over interference networks with an eavesdropper. Structured transmission is
shown to exploit channel asymmetries and thus perform better than randomly
generated codebooks for such channels. For a class of interference
channels, we show that an equivocation sum-rate that is within two bits of
the maximum possible legitimate communication sum-rate is achievable using
lattice codes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0908:Smart,
AUTHOR="Sachin Agarwal",
TITLE="Smart {Peer-to-Peer} Video Streaming: Comparing Adaptation under
Heterogenous Conditions",
BOOKTITLE="ICCCN 09 Workshop on Grid and P2P Systems and Applications (GridPeer 2009)",
ADDRESS="San Francisco, USA",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Peer-to-peer, video streaming, test-bed, measurements, comparison",
ABSTRACT="We analyze two commercial peer-to-peer (P2P) video streaming systems  via
active measurements: a tree based overlay multicast and a  mesh-based
overlay. Our controlled IP test-bed allows us to  reproduce near-identical
network conditions for both the systems and  to test them under varying
network conditions and peer behavior. We  report on the bandwidth
efficiency of these P2P video streaming  systems under different network
conditions and on how these systems  adapt to heterogeneous networks and
peer behavior. Our results  include quality-of-service information in terms
of the fraction of  the total video stream received by each peer for live
playback. We  also report the server bandwidth versus P2P bandwidth
consumed by  the system under different conditions. The dynamic behavior of
the  P2P video streaming systems is captured via measuring the size of 
interactions (bytes downloaded) among peers. Finally we report the 
correlation between the underlying traffic-shaped bandwidth assigned  to a
peer and the actual amount of P2P data uploaded by the  peer. Our analysis
shows that the mesh-based overlay mimics the  underlying IP network more
closely than the tree-based overlay,  indicating that the former is more
network aware. On the other  hand, the tree-based system is more efficient
in bandwidth usage."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0910:GPS,
AUTHOR="Anjul Agarwal and Neena Goel",
TITLE="{GPS-RDS} enabled location-based smart transit",
BOOKTITLE="Beyond the Bit Pipes",
ADDRESS="Bordeaux, France",
DAYS=26,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Global Positioning System,Radio Data System",
ABSTRACT="The GPS (Global Positioning System) is Global Navigation Satellite system
used for navigation purposes. Now days, GPS enables the vehicle drivers to
check the real time position of there vehicle onto a preloaded map with
features like, mapping of way to a location etc.
The RDS (Radio Data System) is the best and cheapest way of broadcasting
digital information over Frequency Modulation (FM).
These two major technologies can combine to create most innovative
solutions targeted to the vehicle drivers on the dimension of comfort,
safety and adherence to rules \& regulations. Thus can result in more
mannered, secured and cheapest way of smart transportation solutions.
These solutions can range from Traffic law regulations by governing bodies
to real time calculations of best efficient way to a destination in terms
of time or cost.
This Paper aims in bringing in light the blend of two different telecom
technologies to change the way people communicate. Thus, bringing in
solution that changes with real-time location change.
The Paper targets innovative triggers such as, Smart acknowledgement or SOS
in case of accident by providing the current location, enabling automatic
traffic rule adherence to the vehicle based on location for example, No
honking in silent zones such as near to Hospital areas, Speed Limit control
in a specific roadway, real-time broadcasting of accidents, blockages,
No-Entries, massive jams and breakdowns to the vehicles heading to that
location, source of marketing generation by broadcasting to vehicles the
advertisements of adjoining areas of the vehicle location.
Features like, real-time recognition of best way to a destination on time
or cost dimension, Notification to the caller, of the location and
approximated time to reach the destination for the person he called who is
traveling, can take the further advanced achievements"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0911:Optimal,
AUTHOR="Rajiv Agarwal and John Cioffi",
TITLE="Optimal Resource Allocation in the {OFDMA} Downlink with Feedback of Buffer
State Information",
BOOKTITLE="IEEE Globecom 2009 Wireless Communications Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, HI, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Wireless OFDMA downlink, Resource Allocation, QoS,",
ABSTRACT="With the advent of new applications, one of the primary applications
supported in downlink cellular systems is streaming video. QoS for
streaming video entails data transmission to the mobile stations with
limited latency and limited jitter. This requirement on latency and jitter
can be mapped to the number of yet-to-be-played packets in a mobile
station's buffer, to always be above a certain minimum. Additionally, there
should be no overflow of finite-size user buffers. This paper solves the
problem of optimal resource allocation in a downlink OFDMA system with
buffer constraints for all downlink users. The optimal strategy is shown to
be a generalized version of water-filling and channel-inversion.
Specifically, with infinite buffer size and no minimum constraint on
buffer, it reduces to water-filling; and to channel-inversion in the
absence of a buffer. It is shown that scheduling gains from the derived
optimal strategy, in terms of number of users that the system can support,
can be an order-of-magnitude higher than that of heuristic scheduling
schemes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agar0912:Social,
AUTHOR="Sachin Agarwal and Shruti Agarwal",
TITLE="Social Networks as Internet Barometers for Optimizing Content Delivery
Networks",
BOOKTITLE="Third IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and
Telecommunication Systems (ANTS)",
ADDRESS="New Delhi, India",
DAYS=14,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Social networks, Content delivery networks",
ABSTRACT="We use Twitter’s real-time lists of popular Internet topics as a basis
for predicting which Internet content will become popular in the near
future. Our methods can be applied to optimize content delivery networks of
the Internet via intelligent content pre-fetching and caching."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agat0909:Study,
AUTHOR="Akira Agata and Keun Yeong Cho and Yuichi Takushima and Yun C. Chung and
Yukio Horiuchi",
TITLE="Study on {ISI} Mitigation Capability of {MLSE} Equalizers in {RSOA-based}
10Gbit/s {WDM} {PON}",
BOOKTITLE="ECOC 2009 - 35th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical
Communication",
ADDRESS="Austria Center Vienna, Austria",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Detailed performance analysis of MLSE receivers in RSOA-based 10Gbit/s WDM
PON systems is presented. We found the impact of ISI from preceding bits
could be larger than succeeding bits and 8-state MLSE would be sufficient."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agaz0000:Monoscopic,
AUTHOR="Nzhde Agazaryan and Steve Tenn and Michael Selch and Joerg Rehs and Stephan
Erbel and Gregor Remmert and Michael Steinberg",
TITLE="Monoscopic Imaging for Intra-fraction Motion Management",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 04 (Image Processing, Biosignal Processing, Modelling and Simulation,
Biomechanics)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="IGRT, monoscopic, stereoscopic, imaging",
ABSTRACT="Purpose:
Image-guidance allows for accurate positioning of spinal radiosurgery
patients; however, due to long treatment times an accurate and efficient
intra-fraction motion management is necessary.  An analysis tool, Snap
Veri-fication (SV, BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany) has been implemented
to monitor intra-fraction motion based on single oblique digital
radiographs.  We investigate the feasibility of the method in a clinical
setting and its performance in detecting spinal radiosurgery patient
move-ments in 3D space.

Materials and Methods:
Intra-fraction motion for initial group of pa-tients was monitored using
stereoscopic kV X-ray images obtained before each treatment beam or arc. 
The reference intra-fraction translations and rotations were quantified
based on 6D fusion using 2D-3D registration algorithm.  Then, 2D-2D
analysis tool was applied to fuse individual 2D images to the corresponding
DRRs, each time assuming the complementary image was not obtained. The
results of 2D-3D (stereoscopic) and 2D-2D (monoscopic) methods were
compared.  For this initial investigation, the analysis was applied to 82
X-ray images.

Results:
The differences between monoscopic and stereos-copic estimates of
translations were less than 1.0mm.  To further assess the performance of
SV, contingency tables were analyzed.  For detecting 1.5mm movement, single
image analysis with 1.2mm threshold maximizes Youden Index.  Furthermore,
when monoscopic threshold is set to 1.2mm with the goal of detecting 1.5mm
or larger 3D movements, the following results are observed – sensitivity
89\%, specificity 79\%, positive predictive value 59\% and negative
predictive value 95\%.

Conclusions:
Monoscopic imaging is suitable for intra-fraction motion detection. 
Appropriate thresholds should be utilized for acceptable rate of false
positive and false negative predictions.  For 1.5mm 3D movement detection
1.2mm 2D analysis threshold results to greater than 95\% negative
predictive value.  Large scale study has been initiated for better
understanding the performance of the method to detect intra-fraction
patient motion."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agba0906:Extrapolation,
AUTHOR="Adnan Agbaria and Gidon Gershinsky and Nir Naaman and Konstantin Shagin",
TITLE="Extrapolation-based and {QoS-aware} {Real-Time} Communication in Wireless
Mobile",
BOOKTITLE="The 8th IFIP Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop",
ADDRESS="Haifa, Israel",
PAGES="21-26",
DAYS=29,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Routing, Quality of sevice, real time, bandwidth management",
ABSTRACT="In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), it is increasingly important
to devote attention to real-time and quality of service (QoS) issues. We
present here a novel extrapolation-based and QoS-aware technology for
providing soft real-time services in MANETs. The proposed technology
combines elements of proactive and location-based techniques. Each node
maintains a global view, which is periodically updated through state
exchange among all the nodes. At any time, a node is able to extrapolate
the
location of a given node based on its velocity vector. Resource
management,
dynamic scheduling, velocity-based extrapolation, and multipath search
techniques are employed to meet the real-time and QoS requirements despite
network contention and frequent topology changes. We demonstrate this
technology by presenting a real-time and QoS routing protocol. We evaluate
the performance of the protocol and compare it to the performance of other
well-known routing protocols."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agee0907:Clock,
AUTHOR="Anton Ageev",
TITLE="Clock Drift Compensation in Adaptive Synchronization Techniques for
Wireless Sensor Networks",
BOOKTITLE="International Workshop on STudent REsearch in Advanced Measurement",
ADDRESS="Sardagna, Italy",
DAYS=26,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Time Synchronization; Energy Efficiency; Uncertainty",
ABSTRACT="In most synchronization methods for Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSN), the network nodes are repeatedly synchronized
over a constant interval, which is set based on accuracy
requirements. On the one hand, when some environmental factors
vary (e.g. temperature) the oscillator frequency of a WSN nodes
may noticeably change and that interval might be no longer
sufficient to support the necessary accuracy. On the other hand,
if the interval is set too short to guarantee the accuracy even in
the worst case conditions, the energy consumption of nodes may
substantially grow. Adaptive synchronization algorithms can adjust
the interval to achieve a balance between the synchronization
accuracy and energy cost. Also, the synchronization interval can
be extended if the differences in oscillator frequencies of WSN
nodes are taken into account, since it is the main factor affecting
clock drifts. In this work we apply an adaptive synchronization
technique to the clock drift estimation in WSN nodes to get
benefit from both approaches in terms of energy saving."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Ager0908:Robust,
AUTHOR="Matthew Ager and Zoran Cvetkovic and Peter Sollich",
TITLE="Robust Phoneme Classification: Exploiting The Adaptability of Acoustic
Waveform Models",
BOOKTITLE="17th European Signal Processing Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom",
PAGES="530-534",
DAYS=24,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Speech Recognition, Robustness, Generative Classification, Phoneme,
Acoustic Waveforms",
ABSTRACT="The robustness of classification of isolated phoneme segments using
generative classifiers is investigated for the acoustic waveform, MFCC and
PLP speech representations. Gaussian mixture models with diagonal
covariance matrices are used followed by maximum likelihood classification.
 The performance of noise adapted acoustic waveform models is compared with
PLP and MFCC models that were adapted using noisy training set feature
standardisation. In the presence of additive noise acoustic waveforms have
significantly lower classification error. Even in the unrealistic case
where PLP and MFCC classifiers are trained and tested in exactly matched
noise conditions, acoustic waveform classifiers still outperform them. In
both cases the acoustic waveform classifiers are trained explicitly only on
quiet data and then modified by a simple transformation to account for the
noise."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0000:Engineering,
AUTHOR="Vaneet Aggarwal and Robert Calderbank and Gerald Gilbert and Yaakov
Weinstein",
TITLE="Engineering Fault Tolerance for Realistic Quantum Systems via the Full
Error Dynamics of Quantum Codes",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Seoul, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The standard approach to quantum fault tolerance is to calculate error
thresholds on basic gates in the limit of arbitrarily many concatenation
levels. In contrast this paper takes the number of qubits and the target
implementation accuracy as given, and provides a framework for engineering
the constrained quantum system to the required tolerance. The approach
requires solving the full dynamics of the quantum system for an arbitrary
admixture (biased or unbiased) of Pauli errors. The inaccuracy between
ideal and implemented quantum systems is captured by the supremum of the
Schatten-k norm of the difference between the ideal and implemented density
matrices taken over all density matrices. This is a more complete analysis
than the standard approach, where an intricate combination of worst case
assumptions and combinatorial analysis is used to analyze the special case
of equiprobable errors. Conditions for fault tolerance are now expressed in
terms of error regions rather than a single number (the standard error
threshold). In the important special case of a stochastic noise model and a
single logical qubit, an optimization over all 2* 2 density matrices is
required to obtain the full dynamics. The complexity of this calculation is
greatly simplified through reduction to an optimization over only three
projectors.  Error regions are calculated for the standard 5- and 7-qubit
codes. Knowledge of the full dynamics makes it possible to design
sophisticated concatenation strategies that go beyond repeatedly using the
same code, and these strategies can achieve target fault tolerance
thresholds with fewer qubits."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0000:High,
AUTHOR="Vibhor Aggarwal and Kurt Debattista and Alan Chalmers",
TITLE="{High-Fidelity} Rendering using Distributively-controlled Multi-programmed
Computing",
BOOKTITLE="TCPP-PhD-Forum",
ADDRESS="Rome, Italy",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Parallel Rendering; Grid Computing",
ABSTRACT="Generation of high-fidelity renderings is a computationally expensive
process, often taking many hours to complete. Parallel rendering, on shared
memory machines and small to medium clusters, is often employed to improve
overall rendering times. Traditional parallel rendering algorithms depend
on dedicated resources and frequent communication between parallel
processes. These resources are expensive; therefore the aim of our research
is to develop fault tolerant parallel rendering algorithms which can
compute using volatile resources which are distributively-controlled and
multi-programmed like a local desktop grid which offers a cheap alternative
to clusters but at a lesser control and time-variant computational power.
The novelty of this research is to develop algorithms for rendering in
decent time exploring the option of real-time rendering on undedicated
parallel resources without using traditional fault tolerance mechanisms
such as redundancy or checkpointing-and-restarting."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0905:HPCC,
AUTHOR="Vikas Aggarwal and Yogish Sabharwal and Rahul Garg and Philip Heidelberger",
TITLE="{HPCC} {RandomAccess} Benchmark for Next Generation Supercomputers",
BOOKTITLE="23rd  IEEE International Parallel \& Distributed Processing Symposium",
ADDRESS="Rome, Italy, Italy",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Supercomputers, Memory system, performance, benchmarking",
ABSTRACT="In this paper we examine the key elements determining the performance
of the HPC Challenge RandomAccess benchmark on next generation
supercomputers.  We find that the performance of this benchmark is
closely related to the bisection bandwidth of the underlying
communication network, performance of integer divide operation and
details of benchmark specifications such as error tolerance and
permissible multicore mapping strategies.  We demonstrate that
seemingly small and innocuous changes in the benchmark can lead to
significantly different system performance.  We also present an
algorithm to optimize RandomAccess benchmark for multicore systems.
Our algorithm uses aggregation and software routing and balances the
load on the cores by specializing each of the cores for one specific
routing or update function. This algorithm gives approximately a
factor of 3 speedup on the Blue Gene/P system which is based on
quad-core nodes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0906:Information,
AUTHOR="Vaneet Aggarwal and Lalitha Sankar and Robert Calderbank and H. Vincent
Poor",
TITLE="Information Secrecy from Multiple Eavesdroppers in Orthogonal Relay
Channels",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Seoul, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The secrecy capacity of relay channels with orthogonal components is
studied in the presence of additional passive eavesdropper nodes. The relay
and destination receive signals from the source on two orthogonal channels
such that the destination also receives transmissions from the relay on its
channel. The eavesdropper(s) can overhear either one or both of the
orthogonal channels. For a single eavesdropper node, the secrecy capacity
is shown to be achieved by a partial decode-and-forward (PDF) scheme when
the eavesdropper can overhear only one of the two orthogonal channels. For
the case of two eavesdropper nodes, secrecy capacity is shown to be
achieved by PDF for a sub-class of channels."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0906:Message,
AUTHOR="Vaneet Aggarwal and Youjian (Eugene) Liu and Ashutosh Sabharwal",
TITLE="Message Passing in Distributed Wireless Networks",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Seoul, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="In distributed wireless networks, nodes often do not know the topology
(network size, connectivity and the channel gains) of the network. Thus,
they cannot compute their own maximum transmission rate and appropriate
transmission scheme. In this paper, we address the inter-related problems
of learning the network and the associated best achievable rates. To make
progress, we will focus on K-user deterministic interference networks.
First, we propose a message passing algorithm which allows nodes to
incrementally learn the network topology. In each round of message passing,
nodes forward what they believe is the new information to their neighbors
and thus the network topology information trickles via broadcasts. Next, we
consider two special examples of Z-channel and double-Z interference
network and determine the sum-rate points with incomplete network
information at different nodes. We show that the sum-rate point can in fact
be achieved with less than full information at all the nodes but in
general, less network information implies reduced set of achievable rates.
In order to analyze the performance of a double-Z interference network with
limited information, we find the capacity region of a deterministic
double-Z interference network with full information, which is of
independent interest."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0906:Wiretap,
AUTHOR="Vaneet Aggarwal and Lifeng Lai and Robert Calderbank and H. Vincent Poor",
TITLE="Wiretap Channel Type {II} with an Active Eavesdropper",
BOOKTITLE="2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory",
ADDRESS="Seoul, Korea",
DAYS=28,
MONTH=jun,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The wiretap channel type II with an active eavesdropper is considered in
this paper. Compared with the eavesdropper model considered in much of the
literature, the eavesdropper considered here can not only overhear but also
modify the signal transmitted over the channel. Two modification models are
considered. In the first model, the eavesdropper erases the bits it
observes. In the second model, the eavesdropper modifies the bits it
observes. For this channel with memory (introduced by the activity of the
eavesdropper), one should conduct the worst case scenario analysis. Novel
concatenated coding schemes that provide perfect security for the
communications are developed for both models to give bounds on the
achievable secrecy rate. The technique to modify the inner code to maintain
the secrecy properties of the outer code may be of independent interest."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0910:Effectiveness,
AUTHOR="Vaneet Aggarwal and Robert Calderbank and Vijay Gopalakrishnan and Rittwik
Jana and K. K. Ramakrishnan and Fang Yu",
TITLE="The Effectiveness of Intelligent Scheduling for Multicast {Video-on-Demand}",
BOOKTITLE="ACM Multimedia 2009 - Systems Track",
ADDRESS="Bejing, P.R. China",
DAYS=19,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Video-on-Demand; IPTV; Multicast; Scheduling",
ABSTRACT="As more and more video content is made available and accessed on-demand,
content and service providers face challenges of scale. With commonly used
delivery mechanisms, the resources required have to scale linearly with the
number of users (receivers) or library size, or both. Multicast is unique
as a delivery mechanism in that the load on a server is independent of the
number of receivers. Adopting multicast for on-demand access, however, is
challenging because of the need to temporally aggregate requests.  In this
paper we investigate the effectiveness of multicast for delivering
on-demand content. An intelligent scheduler, combined with a good data
model can help us realize significant benefit through multicast. We propose
an Earliest Deadline First (EDF)-like scheduler that aims to schedule the
transmission of ``chunks'' of video according to their ``deadlines'' using
multicast. We show through analysis that this approach is optimal in terms
of the data transferred by the server. Using request arrival trace data
from an operational service, we compare the performance of our approach to
traditional techniques such as unicast and cyclic multicast. We show that
our approach reduces server bandwidth by as much as 65\%. Finally, our
approach achieves good aggregation even when 50\% of the users use a
typical VoD stream-control function like skip, to view different parts of
the video."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agga0910:Ergodic,
AUTHOR="Vaneet Aggarwal and Lalitha Sankar and Robert Calderbank and H. Vincent
Poor",
TITLE="Ergodic Layered Erasure {One-Sided} Interference Channels",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Information Theory Workshop, Taormina",
ADDRESS="Taormina, Sicily, Italy",
PAGES="574-578",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="The sum capacity of a class of layered erasure one-sided
interference channels is developed under the assumption of
no channel state information at the transmitters. Outer bounds
are presented for this model and are shown to be tight for the
following sub-classes : i) weak, ii) strong (mix of strong but
not very strong (SnVS) and very strong (VS)), iii) ergodic very
strong (mix of strong and weak), and (iv) a sub-class of mixed
interference (mix of SnVS and weak). Each sub-class is uniquely
defined by the fading statistics."
}

@ARTICLE{Agga0912:Graph,
AUTHOR="Charu Aggarwal and Yu En Lu",
TITLE="Graph Mining Techniques for Networking Applications: A Review",
JOURNAL="Network Science for Coalition Operations - Information Extraction and
Retrieval",
DAYS=2,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Computer networks are inherently graphical in structure, since they
contain
multiple geographically distributed nodes, which are connected by
communication links. In many cases, such as large military networks,
this also leads to a network-centric view of the data. This naturally
leads to an information network representation of the data. In information
networks, the nodes represent the different elements of information,
and the links represent the logical relationships between them. An
even higher layer of logical organization is a social network, in which
the nodes correspond to the different entities in the network, and the
links correspond to the interactions. The common element among the
different kinds of networks which are encountered in practical
networkcentric
representation of the data is that they can all be represented in
the form of a structural graph. This structural behavior can be used
in order to glean different kinds of practical insights. This chapter will
provide an overview of these different graph mining techniques and their
applications to the various kinds of networks."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agge0000:Fast,
AUTHOR="Constantinos Marios Angelopoulos and Sotiris Nikoletseas",
TITLE="Fast Sensory Data Collection By Mobility-based Topology Exploration",
BOOKTITLE="Ad Hoc Sensor and Mesh Networking Symposium",
ADDRESS="Honolulu, Hawaii, USA",
DAYS=30,
MONTH=nov,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="sensor networks; mobility; random walks; adaptation",
ABSTRACT="We study the problem of fast and energy-efficient
data collection of sensory data using a mobile sink, in wireless
sensor networks in which both the sensors and the sink move.
Motivated by relevant applications, we focus on dynamic sensory
mobility and heterogeneous sensor placement. Our approach
basically suggests to exploit the sensor motion to adaptively
propagate information based on local conditions (such as high
placement concentrations), so that the sink gradually ”learns”
the network and accordingly optimizes its motion. Compared
to relevant solutions in the state of the art (such as the blind
random walk, biased walks, and even optimized deterministic
sink mobility), our method significantly reduces latency(the
improvement ranges from 40\% for uniform placements, to 800\%
for heterogeneous ones), while also improving the success rate and
keeping the energy dissipation at very satisfactory levels."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agha0000:Pipelined,
AUTHOR="Nima Aghaee and Mohammad Eshghi",
TITLE="Design Of A Pipelined {R4SDF} Processor",
BOOKTITLE="17th European Signal Processing Conference 2009",
ADDRESS="Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom",
PAGES="963-967",
DAYS=24,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="FFT; pipeline; Radix-4",
ABSTRACT="In this paper, a pipelined architecture for a 16-point word-serial R4SDF
Fast Fourier Transform processor is pre-sented. In this design, a pipelined
complex multiplier which consists of pipelined real multipliers is used in
order to increase the speed of the processor. The architecture of R4SDF is
itself pipelined, but it is further pipelined in this paper and is called a
pipelined R4SDF.
The evaluation of the b-bit word length design shows that a speed up of
(b/3)+1 with respect to a nonpipelined design is achieved. The average
Signal to Error Ratio of the designed R4SDF processor for a word length of
9 bits, b=9, is 30.70 dB. The Speed Up for this word length is 4."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agha0910:Multi,
AUTHOR="Armen Aghasaryan and Stéphane {Betgé-Brezetz} and M. Kodialam and Sarit
Mukherjee and Christophe Senot and Yann Toms and Limin Wang",
TITLE="{Multi-Source} User Profiling and Keyword Inference for Personalized
Application Enablement",
BOOKTITLE="Beyond the Bit Pipes",
ADDRESS="Bordeaux, France",
DAYS=26,
MONTH=oct,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="user profiling; keyword inference; keyword to concept mapping; personalized
application enablement",
ABSTRACT="Mastering knowledge of user profile is one of the technical cornerstones
for service providers who handle large volumes of service consumption data
and are well positioned to dynamically infer user interests. We presents a
technology allowing to gather usage data from different multimedia
services, create and track users profiles in real-time and monetize them by
targeting content. In particular, we address the critical issue of large
telcos having to manage services in both controlled domains (with content
metadata under its control) and domains out of its control. We present a
solution based on keyword inference and mapping that enable profiling and
personalization within such heterogeneous domains."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agha0912:Majority,
AUTHOR="Zahra Aghajani and Mohammad {Abdollahi Azgomi}",
TITLE="A Majority Voter for Intrusion Tolerant Software Based on {N-Version}
Programming Techniques",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology",
ADDRESS="Al-Ain, UAE",
PAGES="304-308",
DAYS=15,
MONTH=dec,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Fault-Tolerance; Intrusion Tolerance; Voting Technique; N-Version
Programming",
ABSTRACT="One of the drawbacks of the existing majority voters, which are widely used
in N-version programming (NVP) technique, is the high probability of
agreement on incorrect results generated by variants. Therefore, to propose
an intrusion-tolerant software architecture based on NVP for hostile
environments and to consider possible attacks, a new voting scheme is
required. In this paper, we propose a voting scheme to improve the
correctness of the binary majority voters in the hostile environments to
treat the situations that more than half of the variants may have been
compromised. We have used stochastic activity networks (SANs) to model the
scheme for a triple-version programming (3VP) system and measure the
probability of detecting the correct outputs by the voter. The evaluation
results showed that the proposed scheme can improve the correctness of the
classic majority voting algorithms to detect the correct output, especially
the intrusion detection mechanisms are used in the scheme."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agho0905:Data,
AUTHOR="Badraddine Aghoutane",
TITLE="Data processing application based on plug-ins architecture and {XML} for
handling analytical data",
BOOKTITLE="The 7th ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Rabat, Morocco",
PAGES="59-60",
DAYS=10,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Eclipse RCP, plugins, XML, perspective, analytical data",
ABSTRACT="this paper describes a data processing application allowing the handling
and the visualization of analytical data obtained from the chemical
analyses on natural dyes identified in art objects selected in the context
of the Euro-Mediterranean MedColourTech project. To provide user with
functionalities for
handling chemical content, we integrate and exploit existing open sources
plugins of the Bioclipse platform. Then, and for specific needs of the
MedColourTech project, we implement a new plugins allowing the management
and the handling of information relating to the art objects, dyes
identified in the
samples, coloring compounds and their biological sources… etc.
The rich functionality, intuitive user interface, portability,
extensibility and powerful plugin architecture make MedColourTech
application an ideal workbench for handling natural organic dyes."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agne0909:Ka,
AUTHOR="Marc Agnew",
TITLE="Ka-band Geosynchronous Satellites: 100 Gbps and Beyond",
BOOKTITLE="Fifteenth Ka and Broadband Communications, Navigation and Earth Observation
Conference",
ADDRESS="Cagliari, Italy",
DAYS=23,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Ka-band, spot-beam, geosynchronous, FSS, high throughput satellite,
frequency reuse, bent-pipe, broadband, internet access",
ABSTRACT="This paper looks at the rationale, approach, and impact of the forthcoming
ViaSat-1 Ka-band spot-beam satellite.  We start by exploring the motivation
for creating a high throughput communication satellite, identifying markets
and applications that can be better served.   We contrast this approach
with traditional broad-beam satellites and describe some of the challenges
and compromises necessary to achieve a capacity of 100 Gbps.  In closing,
we envision a progression of future high throughput satellites. 

ViaSat-1 is new satellite optimized for high throughput.  Utilizing
exclusively Ka-band spectrum with 72 bent-pipe spot-beams, it will provide
coverage over the most densely populated regions of the United States and
Canada.   When deployed into its position at 115º west, ViaSat-1 will have
more than 10 times the capacity of any satellite in orbit.  Under
construction by Space Systems Loral, ViaSat-1 is expected to launch in the
first quarter of 2011.   Eutelsat S.A. has ordered a similar high
throughput all Ka-band satellite from Astrium.  KaSAT is expected to launch
in the 3rd quarter of 2010 with coverage over Europe and parts of the
Middle East and Northern Africa.   Together, ViaSat-1 and KaSAT establish a
new class of satellite optimized for broadband communications, and with
bandwidth costs that can change the economics of fixed satellite services."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agoh0909:Biopolymers,
AUTHOR="Eileen Agoha and Emmanuel Mazi",
TITLE="Biopolymers from African Giant Snail Shells Waste: Isolation and
Characterization.",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 10 (Biomaterials, Cellular and Tissue Engineering, Artificial Organs)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Biopolymer; snail waste; isolation; characterization.",
ABSTRACT="Shell Wastes of two species of African giant snail Achatina achatina and
Achatina marginata were investigated as a source of chitosan. The snail
shell chitosan yield was 46.37\% and 35.85\% for A. achatina and A.
marginata respectively, had a degree of deacetylation of 72-79\%, a
viscosity of 5.3-5.5 centipoises (cP), and a wettability of 3-11s. The
moisture content was 3\%, ash 79-82\%, and crude fibre 10-13\%. Fat was
notably absent."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agos0905:Parallel,
AUTHOR="Giovanni Agosta and Alessandro Barenghi and Andrea {Di Biagio} and Gerardo
Pelosi",
TITLE="Design of a Parallel {AES} for Graphics Hardware using the {CUDA} framework",
BOOKTITLE="The 5th International Workshop on Security in Systems and Networks",
ADDRESS="Rome, Italy",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="CUDA; AES; security",
ABSTRACT="Web servers often need to manage encrypted transfers of data. The
encryption activity is computationally intensive, and exposes a
significant degree of parallelism. At the same time, cheap multicore
processors are readily available on graphics hardware, and toolchains for
development of general purpose programs are being released by the vendors.
In this paper, we propose an effective implementation of the AES-CTR
symmetric cryptographic primitive using the CUDA framework. We provide
quantitative data for different implementation choices and compare them
with the common CPU-based OpenSSL implementation on a performance–cost
basis. With respect to previous works, we focus on optimizing
the implementation for practical application scenarios, and we provide a
throughput improvement of over 14 times. We also provide insights on the
programming knowledge required to efficiently exploit the hardware
resources by exposing the different kinds of parallelism built in the
AES-CTR cryptographic
primitive."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0000:SAR,
AUTHOR="Navneet Agrawal and K Venugopalan",
TITLE="{SAR} Image processing using Wavelet Packets",
BOOKTITLE="UKSim 11th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation",
ADDRESS="Cambridge, United Kingdom",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=mar,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="SAR, Image Processing, Sub band",
ABSTRACT="Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an imaging system, which provides
high-resolution images of earth surface. The high resolution in the range
direction is achieved by using large bandwidth signals and that in the
azimuth direction is achieved by synthesizing a large aperture antenna
using platform motion. The unique data collection geometry of SAR system
requires that huge amounts of raw data be processed before obtaining a
viewable image. Therefore, performing some form of compression on SAR raw
data provides an attractive option for SAR systems. In this paper, we
present a transform coding approach for SAR raw data compression. Due to
presence of large dynamic range of frequency content in SAR raw data we
propose the usage of wavelet packet transform. Experimental results of the
proposed method provides significant improvement in SNR results over
standard block adaptive quantization (BAQ) and JPEG2000 techniques."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0000:SAR,
AUTHOR="Navneet Agrawal and K Venugopalan",
TITLE="{SAR} Image compression based on Compression Sensing",
BOOKTITLE="Asia Modelling Symposium 2009",
ADDRESS="Bandung-Bali, Indonesia",
DAYS=25,
MONTH=may,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Compression Sensing, SAR, OMP",
ABSTRACT="In on- board Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) chirp signals are transmitted
and the received echoes are sampled into In-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q)
components,generally referred to as raw SAR data. The various modes of SAR
coupled with the high resolution and wide swath requirements result in a
huge amount of data, which will easily exceed the on-board storage and
downlink bandwidth of a satellite. This paper addresses the compression of
the raw SAR data by sampling the signal below Nyquist rate using ideas from
Compressed Sensing (CS). Due to the low computational resources available
onboard satellite, the idea is to use a simple encoder, with a 2D FFT and a
random sampler. Decoding is then based on convex optimization or uses
greedy algorithms such as Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0000:Synthetic,
AUTHOR="Navneet Agrawal and K Venugopalan and Mamta Agrawal",
TITLE="Synthetic Aperture Radar Speckle Reduction Technique",
BOOKTITLE="2009 Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves",
ADDRESS="Sendai, Miyagi, Japan",
DAYS=20,
MONTH=apr,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Data compression, Synthetic Aperture Radar",
ABSTRACT="In the present paper we have described Block Truncation code (BTC) for 
speckle reduction of Synthetic Aperture Radar images. The accuracy of the
algorithm has been adjudged on the basis of various qualityu parameters
like MSE, CR, MPE , PSD and PSNR."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0902:Hybrid,
AUTHOR="Himanshu Agrawal and Andrew Jennings and Duc Quang",
TITLE="A hybrid approach to Robust Traffic Engineering",
BOOKTITLE="International Symposium on Wireless and Pervasive Computing",
ADDRESS="Melbourne, Australia, Australia",
DAYS=11,
MONTH=feb,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Robust Routing, Traffic demand matrix, Traffic Engineering.",
ABSTRACT="In this paper we present a Robust Routing Technique (RRT) that captures
both normal routing conditions as well as transient failures. Our
simulation results are compared with OSPF-TE. Key feature of RRT is its
convergence to generate the solution. It converges quickly to produce the
simulation result on the family of topologies we consider in this paper. We
are aiming to combine the best of proactive and reactive traffic
engineering in the RRT.
Phenomenal growth of Internet applications in recent years have made it
difficult to forecast traffic patterns. Daily and weekly Internet traffic
pattern shows that network is vulnerable to malicious attacks, flash crowds
and distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0907:Amoplitude,
AUTHOR="Navneet Agrawal and K Venugopalan",
TITLE="amoplitude - phase {(AP)} simulation for {SAR} raw data compression",
BOOKTITLE="The Fifth IASTED European Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and
Applications",
ADDRESS="Cambridge, United Kingdom",
DAYS=13,
MONTH=jul,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Data compression, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Evaluation, OMP",
ABSTRACT="This paper defines series of important performance
evaluation parameters to evaluate Amplitude-Phase (AP)
algorithm comparing with that of Block Adaptive Quantization
(BAQ) algorithm. The evaluation procedure is carried out in two
domains, raw data domain and image domain. Numerical
experiments based on ERS-2 data show that AP algorithm
provides us with more Compression Ratio (CR) choices than
BAQ and for certain CR, AP algorithm provides at least one
choice whose performance is better than or equal to that of BAQ.
These two algorithms neither affect spatial resolution nor
generate geometric distortion. Both of them have only a little
effect on radiometric resolution."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0908:Local,
AUTHOR="Ankur Agrawal",
TITLE="Local Subspace Based Outlier Detection",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Contemporary Computing",
ADDRESS="Noida, India",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Local Subspace;Outlier Detection",
ABSTRACT="Existing studies in outlier detection mostly focus on detecting outliers in
full feature space. But most algorithms tend to break down in
high-dimensional feature spaces because classes of objects often exist in
specific subspace of the original feature space. Therefor, subspace outlier
detection has been recently defined. As a novel solution to tackle this
problem, we propose here a local subspace based outlier detection
technique, which uses different subspaces for different objects. Using this
concept we adopt local density based outlier detection to cope with
high-dimensional data. A broad experimental evaluation shows that this
approach yields results of significantly better quality than existing
algorithms."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0908:Significant,
AUTHOR="Shipra Agrawal and Sanchaita Ukil and Meenakshee Sinha and Lavneesh
Varshney",
TITLE="Significant Deregulated Pathways in Diabetes Type {II} Complications
Identified Through Expression Based Network Biology",
BOOKTITLE="International Conference on Contemporary Computing",
ADDRESS="Noida, India",
DAYS=17,
MONTH=aug,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Diabetes; network; cardiovascular; inflammation; stress",
ABSTRACT="Type 2 Diabetes is a complex multifactorial disease, which alters several
signaling cascades giving rise to serious complications. It is one of the
major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The present research work
describes an integrated functional network biology approach to identify
pathways that get transcriptionally altered and lead to complex
complications thereby amplifying the phenotypic effect of the impaired
disease state.  We have identified two sub-network modules, which could be
activated under abnormal circumstances in diabetes. Present work describes
key proteins such as P85A and SRC serving as important nodes to mediate
alternate signaling routes during diseased condition. P85A has been shown
to be an important link between stress responsive MAPK and CVD markers
involved in fibrosis. MAPK8 has been shown to interact with P85A and
further activate CTGF through VEGF signaling. We have traced a novel and
unique route correlating inflammation and fibrosis by considering P85A as a
key mediator of signals. The next sub-network module shows SRC as a
junction for various signaling processes, which results in interaction
between NF-kB and beta catenin to cause cell death. The powerful
interaction between these important genes in response to transcriptionally
altered lipid metabolism and impaired inflammatory response via SRC causes
apoptosis of cells. The crosstalk between inflammation, lipid homeostasis
and stress, and their serious effects downstream have been explained in the
present analyses."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0909:Applications,
AUTHOR="Navneet Agrawal and K Venugopalan",
TITLE="Applications of microwave sensors in Medicines",
BOOKTITLE="Theme 07 (Diagnostic and Therapeutic Instrumentation, Clinical Engineering)",
ADDRESS="Munich, Germany",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
ABSTRACT="Microwave sensors for Biomedical applications are highlighted in this
paper. The emphasis is placed on newer emerging diagnostic and therapeutic
applications, such as microwave breast cancer detection, separation of red
cells, bio-detection devices, hyperthermia treatment of tumors, and
treatment with localized high power used in ablation of the heart, and
liver and others. A very brief outline of biological effects of microwaves
and associated issues is given as background to the applications."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0909:Approach,
AUTHOR="Bharat Agrawal",
TITLE="A New Approach to Sketch Segmentation using Sketch Flow Control",
BOOKTITLE="Brno International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and
Simulation 2009",
ADDRESS="Brno, Czech Republic",
DAYS=7,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="sketch; segmentation; pixel set;",
ABSTRACT="We present a new sketch segmentation technique based on sensing the flow of
sketch. It can be termed as a dynamic segmentation technique as the process
starts the instant user pen ups. Current segmentation techniques are static
and are frequency based where they consider the attributes of the pixels in
image and segments the scribbled sketch in it accordingly. The algorithm
that is presented in this paper  works by analyzing the orientation or the
direction of flow of sketch at pen up from the pen down position and then
by assigning a category to each pixel set to differentiate or comparing  it
with other pixel sets(a set of 5 pixels) within the same sketch, and then
checking out the frequency of category in this pixel set. This gives a
greater accuracy while segmenting the sketch."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0909:Fast,
AUTHOR="Navneet Agrawal and K Venugopalan",
TITLE="Fast Encoding algorithm for {SAR} Raw Data Compression",
BOOKTITLE="Third International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications",
ADDRESS="Wrexham, North Wales, United Kingdom",
DAYS=8,
MONTH=sep,
YEAR=2009,
KEYWORDS="Data compression, Synthetic Aperture Radar, Evaluation, OMP",
ABSTRACT="In Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) chirp signals are transmitted and the
received echoes are sampled into In-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q)
components,generally referred to as raw SAR data. The various modes of SAR
coupled with the high resolution and wide swath requirements result in a
huge amount of data, which will easily exceed the on-board storage and
downlink bandwidth of a satellite. This paper addresses the compression of
the raw SAR data by sampling the signal below Nyquist rate using ideas from
Compressed Sensing (CS). Due to the low computational resources available
onboard satellite, the idea is to use a simple encoder, with a 2D FFT and a
random sampler. Decoding is then based on convex optimization or uses
greedy algorithms such as Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP)."
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Agra0909:Role,
AUTHOR="Navneet Agrawal and K Venugopalan",