COMS W4115
Programming Languages and Translators
Lecture 14: Midterm Review
March 11, 2013

1. What you should know for the midterm

1. The different kinds of programming languages
• Lecture 1
2. The fundamental elements of programming languages
• Lecture 2, ALSU Ch.1
3. Language processing tools
• Lecture 2, ALSU Ch. 1
4. The structure of a compiler
• Lecture 3, ALSU Chs. 1 and 2
5. Regular languages, regular expressions, finite automata
• Lectures 4 and 5, ALSU Ch. 3 except for Sect. 3.9
6. Lexical analysis
• Lectures 4 and 5, ALSU Chs. 2 and 3 except for Sect. 3.9
7. Context-free languages and grammars
• Lectures 6 and 7, ALSU Ch. 4 except for Sect. 4.7
8. Top-down parsing
• Lecture 9, ALSU Chs. 2 and 4 except for Sect. 4.7
9. Bottom-up parsing
• Lectures 10 and 11, ALSU Ch. 4 except for Sect. 4.7
10. Syntax-directed translation
• Lectures 12 and 13, ALSU Chs. 2 and Ch. 5 except for Sect. 5.5

2. Automata and Language Theory Review

• Regular languages
• Finite automata
• Regular expressions
• Closure properties of regular languages
• Decision properties of regular languages
• Pumping lemma for regular languages and its uses
• Context-free languages
• Context-free grammars
• Parse trees, derivations, and ambiguity
• Pushdown automata and deterministic pushdown automata
• Closure properties of CFLs
• Decision properties of CFLs
• Pumping lemma for CFLs and its uses
• Syntax-directed translation
• Syntax-directed definitions and translation schemes
• Attribute grammars, inherited and synthesized attributes
• S-attributed and L-attributed SDDs

3. Not all LL(1) grammars are SLR(1) and vice versa

• An LL(1) grammar that is not SLR(1)

S → AaAb | BbBa
A → ε
B → ε

• An SLR(1) grammar that is not LL(1)

S → SA | A
A → a