DOE/EIA-0537(95)
Distribution Category UC-950
EIA Glossary of Energy
and Energy-Related Terms
Second Edition
May 1995
Energy Information Administration
Office of Statistical Standards
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC 20585
Introduction
Tthis is the 2nd edition of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) Glossary of the Energy
Add the rest of text desired
ability to switch main heating fuel: See Fuel-Switching Capability.
OPI: ,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
acbm: Acronym for "asbestos-containing building material." (See Asbestos)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
account classification: The way in which suppliers of electricity, natural gas, or fuel oil classify andbill their customers. Commonly used account classifications are "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Other." Suppliers' definitionsof these terms vary from supplier to supplier. In addition, the same customer may be classifieddifferently by each of its energy suppliers.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
account of others (natural gas): Natural gas deliveries for the account of others are deliveries to customers by transporters that do not own the natural gas but deliver it for others for a fee.Included are quantities covered by long-term contracts and quantities involved in short-term or spot market sales.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
accounting system: A method of recording accounting data for a utility or company or a method of supplying accounting information for controlling, evaluating, planning and decisionmaking.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*
acid mine drainage: This refers to water pollution that results when sulfur-bearing minerals associated with coal are exposed to air and water and form sulfuric acid andferrous sulfate. The ferrous sulfate can further react to form ferric hydroxide, or yellowboy, a yellow-orangeiron precipitate found in streams and rivers polluted by acid mine drainage.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
acid rain: Also called acid precipitation or acid deposition, acid rain is precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides released into theatmosphere when fossil fuels are burned.It can be wet precipitation (rain, snow,or fog) or dry precipitation (absorbed gaseous and particulate matter, aerosol particles or dust). Acid rain has a pH below 5.6. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6,which is slightly acidic. The term pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and ranges from 0 to 14. A pH measurement of 7 is regarded as neutral. Measurements below 7 indicate increased acidity, while those above indicate increased alkalinity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
acquisition (1): Acquisitions include all transfers of ownership of foreign crude oil to a firm, irrespective of the terms of that transfer. Acquisitions thus include all purchases and exchange receipts as well as any and all foreign crude acquired under reciprocal buy-sell agreements or acquired as a result of a buy-back or other preferential agreement with a host government.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
acquisition (2): The procurement of the legal right to explore for and produce discovered minerals, if any, within a specific area; that legal right may be obtained by mineral lease, concession, or purchase of land and mineral rights or of mineral rights alone.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
acquisition cost: Cost of acquiring mining and production rights to a uranium property.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
acquisition costs: Direct costs and indirect costs incurred to acquire legal rights to wasting natural resources. Direct costs include costs incurred to obtain options to lease or purchase mineral rights and costs incurred for the actual leasing (e.g., lease bonuses) or purchasing of the rights. Indirect costs include such costs as brokers' commissions and expenses; abstract and recording fees; filing and patenting fees; and costs of legal examination of title and documents.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
acre-foot: The volume of water that will cover an area of 1 acre to a depth of 1 foot.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
acreage: An area, measured in acres, that is subject to ownership or control by those holding total or fractional shares of working interests. Acreage is considered developed when development has been completed. (See definition for Working Interest.) A distinction may be made between "gross" acreage and "net" acreage:
Gross - All acreage covered by any working interest, regardless of the percentage of ownership in the interest.
Net - Gross acreage adjusted to reflect the percentage of ownership in the working interest in the acreage.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
active solar: As an energy source, energy from the sun collectedand stored using mechanical pumps or fans to circulate heat-laden fluids or air between solar collectors and a building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
activities requiring large amounts of hot water: CBECS collects this data for activities within the buildings that require large amounts of hot water for other than space heating. Examples of these activities are commercial laundry rooms, heated swimming pools, spas, or saunas and steam rooms. (See Energy-Related Space Functions.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
additional vehicle: A vehicle whose acquisition causes an increase in the size of the company fleet. These vehicles are not meant to take place of vehicles being retired from service.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
adequacy of insulation: The perception of the respondent as to the adequacy of insulation present in the housing unit; or how "good" theinsulation in the unit is.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
adjustable speed drives: Drives that save energy by ensuring the motor's speed is properly matched to the load placed on the motor. Terms used to describe this category include polyphase motors, motor oversizing, and motor rewinding.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
adjusted electricity: A measurement of electricity that includes the approximate amount of energy used to generate electricity. To approximate the adjusted amount of electricity, the site-value of the electricity is multiplied by a factor of three. This conversion factor of three is a rough approximation of the Btu value ofraw fuels used to generate electricity in a steam-generation power plant. In this report,electricity is represented as site energy. See Site Energy and Btu Conversion Factors.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
administrative and general expenses: Expenses of an electric utility relating to the overall directions of its corporate offices and administrative affairs, as contrasted with expenses incurred for specialized functions. Examples include office salaries, officesupplies, advertising, and other generalexpenses.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
advance royalty: A royalty required to be paid in advanceof production from a mineral property that may or may not be recoverable from future production.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
advances from municipality: The amount of loans and advances made by the municipality or its other departments to the utility department when such loans and advances are subject to repayment but not subject to current settlement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
advances to municipality: The amount of loans and advances made by the utility department to the municipality or its other departments when such loans or advances are subject to current settlement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
adverse water conditions: Reduced streamflow, lack of rain in the drainage basin, or low water supply behind a pondage or reservoir dam resulting in a reduced gross head that limits the production of hydroelectric power or forces restrictions to be placed on multipurpose reservoirs or other water uses.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
affiliate (1): See Firm as used on EIA-856.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
affiliate (2): An "affiliate" of, or a person "affiliated" with, a specific person is a person thatdirectly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, theperson specified. The term "affiliate" includes any subsidiary or parent of the person specified.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
affiliatesidiary: Entities directly or indirectly controlled by a parent.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C
affiliated (associated) company: An "affiliate" of, or aperson "affiliated" with, a specific person is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with the person specified. (See Person and Control)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
aftermarket converted vehicle: A standard conventionally fueled, factory-
produced vehicle to which equipment has been added that enables the vehicle to operate on alternative fuel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886, DOE/EIA-0585/0
aftermarket vehicle converter: An organization or individual that modifies OEM vehicles after first use or sale to operate on a different fuel (or fuels).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
agglomerating character: Agglomeration describes the caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character is determined by examination and testing of the residue when a small powdered sample is heated to 950 degrees Centigrade under specific conditions. If the sample is "agglomerating," the residue will be coherent, show swelling or cell structure, and be capable of supporting a 500-gram weight without pulverizing.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
aggregate ratio: The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, the aggregate expenditures per household is the ratio of the total expenditures in each category to the total number of households in the category. See Mean.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*
agricultural: Activities involving the manufacturing, processing, sale, storage, or housing of agricultural products, including livestock. However, buildings that had 50 percent or more of the floorspace devoted to agricultural activity were considered out of scope and were dropped from the sample during the interview phase.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
agriculture, mining, and construction (consumer category): Companies engaged in agriculture, mining (other than coal mining), or construction industries.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
aid to families with dependent children (aFdc): Federal Government program that is State or locally administered. AFDC offers financial assistance to families with children. Need is based upon (1) the incapacity or death of a parent, (2) a parent's continued absence from the home, or (3) the unemployment of a father. For a family to receive AFDC, at least one child of the household must be 18 or under or under 21 and in school. Most AFDC families have female heads. If the male head is present, however, he is likely to be incapacitated or unemployed.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
air cleaner: A device using filters or electrostatic precipitators to remove indoor-air pollutants such as tobacco smoke, dust, and pollen. Most portable units are 40 watts when operated on low speed and 100 watts on high speed.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
air collector: A medium-temperature collector used predominantly in space heating, utilizing pumped air as the heat-transfer medium.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0174*
air conditioned rooms: The number of rooms the air-conditioning equipment is capable of cooling when the equipment is used.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
air conditioning (1): See Cooling, as used in DOE/EIA-0246.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
air conditioning (2): Cooling and dehumidification of the air in a building by a refrigeration unit driven by electricity or gas. This definition excludes fans, blowers, or evaporative cooling systems ("swamp coolers") that are not connected to a refrigeration unit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
air conditioning intensity: The ratio of air-conditioning consumption or expenditures to square footage of cooled floorspace and cooling degree-days (base 65 degrees F). This intensity provides a way of comparing different types of housing units and households by controlling for differences in housing unit size and weather conditions. The square footage of cooled floorspace is equal to the product of the total square footage times the ratio of the number of rooms that could be cooled to the total number of rooms. If the entire housing unit is cooled, the cooled floorspace is the same as the total floorspace. The ratio is calculated on a weighted, aggregate basis according to this formula:
Air- Btu for Air Conditioning
Conditioning = ------------------------------
Intensity (Cooled Square Feet * Cooling Degree-Days)
See Air conditioning, Air conditioned rooms, and Cooling degree-days.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
air conditioning usage: The way the central air conditioner or the most-
used-room air conditioner was used during the summer of 1990. When a household had both a central air conditioner and a room air conditioner, the tabulation was based on the use of the central air conditioner, not the room air conditioner. Some households responded "other" to this question of "use last summer"; these were mainly households that said they did not live in their house last summer. Some households responded that they did not use their air conditioner at all last summer but said that they "usually" air condition some rooms. (See Air-Conditioned Rooms.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
air ducts or air-handling units: A method for channeling warm or cool air to different parts of a building. The process of moving the conditioned air often involves drawing air over heating or cooling coils and forcing it from a central location through ducts or air-handling units. Air-handling units are hidden in the walls or ceilings, where they use steam or hot water to heat the air or chilled water to cool the air, inside the duct work. (See Cooling, Duct, and Space Heating.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
air pollution abatement equipment: Equipment used to reduce or eliminate airborne pollutants, including particulate matter (dust, smoke, fly, ash, dirt, etc.), sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, odors, and other pollutants. Examples of air pollution abatement structures and equipment include flue-gas particulate collectors, flue-gas desulfurization units and nitrogen oxide control devices.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group; CH(3)-
(CH(2))n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol).
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0520*, DOE/EIA-0545*
alkylate: The product of an alkylation reaction. It usually refers to the high-octane product from alkylation units. This alkylate is used in blending high octane gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
alkylation: A refining process for chemically combining isobutane with olefin hydrocarbons (e.g., propylene, butylene) through the control of temperature and pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst, usually sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. The product, alkylate, an isoparaffin, has high octane value and is blended with motor and aviation gasoline to improve the antiknock value of the fuel.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
all-electric home: A residence in which electricity is used for the main source of energy for space heating, water heating, and cooking. Other fuels may be used for supplementary heating or other purposes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
allowance for all funds during construction: This amount should include the monthly credits for allowance for funds, including other funds and borrowed funds, used during construction.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826
allowance for funds used during construction (aFUdc): A noncash item representing the estimated composite interest costs of debt and a return on equity funds used to finance construction. The allowance is capitalized in the property accounts and included in income.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
alternate energy source for primary heater: The fuel that would be used in place of the usual main heating fuel if the building had to switch fuels. (See Fuel-Switching Capability.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
alternating current (ac): An electric current that reverses its direction at regularly recurring intervals.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
alternative fuel (1): Alternative fuels include the following:
- - methanol
- - denatured ethanol, and other alcohols
- - fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with gasoline or other fuels
-- natural gas
- - liquefied petroleum gas (propane)
- - hydrogen
- - coal-derived liquid fuels
- - fuels (other than alcohol) derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel)
- - electricity (including electricity from solar energy.)
"... any other fuel the Secretary determines, by rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-
based fuels used as oxygenates or extenders, i.e. MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10-
percent ethanol portion of gasohol.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
alternative fuel (2): Methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols, mixtures containing 85 percent or more (or such other percentage, but not less than 70 percent) by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas; hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived from biological materials; and electricity (including electricity from solar energy).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
alternative fuel vehicle converter: An organization (including companies, government agencies and utilities), or individual that performs conversions involving alternative alternative fuel vehicles. An AFV converter can convert (1) conventionally fueled vehicles to AFVs, (2) AFVs to conventionally fueled vehicles, or (3) AFVs to use another alternative fuel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
alternative fuel vehicle: A vehicle that operates on an alternative fuel exclusively (a dedicated AFV), or operates with a combination of alternative and conventional fuels (bi-fuel or flexible fuel).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
alternative-fuel vehicle: A vehicle that is capable of being fueled by an alternative fuel. This category of vehicle includes dual-fuel vehicles as well was dedicated vehicles.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
alternative-rate dsM program assistance: A DSM program assistance that offers special rate structures or discounts on the consumer's monthly electric bill in exchange for participation in DSM programs aimed at cutting peak demands or changing load shape. These rates are intended to reduce consumer bills and shift hours of operation of equipment from on-
peak to off-peak periods through the application of time-differentiated rates. For example, utilities often pay consumers several dollars a month (refund on their monthly electric bill) for participation in a load control program. Large commercial and industrial cusumers sometimes obtain interruptible rates, which provide a discount in return for the consumer's agreement to cut electric loads upon request from the utility (usually during critical periods, such as summer afternoons when the system demand approaches the utility's generating capability). (See DSM Program Assistance.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
aluminum, asbestos, plastic, or wood siding, shingles, or shakes: The outside surface made of aluminum, asbestos, plastic, or wood. May be applied in the form of siding, shingles, or shakes. Siding is generally produced in the shape of boards applied to the outside of a building in overlapping rows. Shingles are thin, wedge-
shaped pieces of material laid with others in a series of overlapping rows as a covering for roofs and the sides of buildings. Shakes differ from shingles in that they have textured grooves and a rough or "split" appearance.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
american indian or alaskan native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America, and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
amorphous silicon: An alloy of silica and hydrogen, with a disordered, noncrystalline internal atomic arrangement, that can be deposited in thin-film layers (a few micrometers in thickness) by a number of deposition methods to produce thin-
film photovoltaic cells on glass, metal, or plastic substrates.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B, DOE/EIA-0174
amortization: The depreciation, depletion, or charge-off to expense of intangible and tangible assets over a period of time. In the extractive industries, the term is most frequently applied to mean either (1) the periodic charge-off to expense of the costs associated with nonproducing mineral properties incurred prior to the time when they are developed and entered into production or (2) the systematic charge-off to expense of those costs of productive mineral properties (including tangible and intangible costs of prospecting, acquisition, exploration, and development) that had been initially capitalized (or deferred) prior to the time the properties entered into production, and thereafter are charged off as minerals are produced.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*
ampd: Average miles driven per day.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
ampere: The unit of measurement of electrical current produced in a circuit by 1 volt acting through a resistance of 1 OHM.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
annual operating factor: The annual fuel consumption divided by the product of design firing rate and hours of operation per year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
annual requirement: The reporting company's best estimate of the annual requirement for natural gas to make direct sales or sales for resale under certificate authorizations and for company use and unaccounted-for gas during the year next following the current report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167*
ansi assembly identifier: The serial numbering scheme adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to ensure uniqueness of an assembly serial number.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
anthracite +: A hard, black, lustrous coal containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. It is often referred to as hard coal.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0552
anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. Comprises three groups classified according to the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry mineral-matter-free basis:
Fixed
Carbon Volatile
Limits Matter
GE LT GT LE
Meta-Anthracite 98 - - 2
Anthracite 92 98 2 8
Semianthracite 86 92 8 14
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0125*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
any use that requires special ventilation equipment, such as laboratories or "clean rooms": Refers to parts of buildings that have special ventilation equipment for controlling or maintaining the temperature, humidity, or cleanliness of the air. Besides laboratories, examples of spaces with special ventilation requirements include dry cleaning establishments, enclosed parking garages, auto body repair shops, operating rooms in hospitals, and kitchens in full-service restaurants. This special ventilation equipment includes: fume hoods, safety cabinets, ventilation fans, diffusers, exhaust air system, exhaust fans, and supply fans. NOTE: To be considered special ventilation equipment, a fan must be attached to ducts and these ducts must be ducted to the outside. The term "fan" does not refer to a wall or ceiling fan that is a large version of the portable fans you might see in a home or office or a "whole house fan." This type of fan is not considered special ventilation equipment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
api gravity: American Petroleum Institute measure of specific gravity of crude oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees API; it is calculated as follows:
Degrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.F) - 131.5
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0523*, DOE/EIA-0545*
api: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade association.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
apparent consumption, (coal): Coal production plus imports of coal, coke, and briquets minus exports of coal, coke, and briquets plus or minus stock changes. Note: The sum of "Production" and "Imports" less "Exports" may not equal "Consumption" due to changes in stocks, losses, unaccounted-for coal, and special arrangements such as the United States shipments of anthracite to United States Armed Forces in Europe.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
apparent consumption, natural gas (international): The total of an individual nation's dry natural gas production plus imports less exports.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
apparent consumption, petroleum (international): Consumption that includes internal consumption, refinery fuel and loss, and bunkering. For countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), apparent consumption is derived from refined product output plus refined product imports minus refined product exports plus refined product stock changes plus other oil consumption (such as direct use of crude oil). For countries outside the OECD, apparent consumption is either a reported figure or is derived from refined product output plus refined product imports minus refined product exports, with stock levels assumed to remain the same. Apparent consumption also includes, where available, liquefied petroleum gases sold directly from natural gas processing plants for fuel or chemical uses.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
appliance efficiency index: A relative comparison of trends in new-model efficiencies for major appliances and energy-
using equipment. The base year for relative comparisons was 1972 (1972=100). Efficiencies for each year were efficiencies of different model types that were weighted by their market shares.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
appliance efficiency standards: The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 established minimum efficiency standards for major home appliances, including furnaces, central and room air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, dishwashers, and heat pumps. Most of the standards took effect in 1990. The standards for clothes washers, dishwashers, and ranges took effect in 1988, because they required only minor changes in product design, such as eliminating pilot lights and requiring cold water rinse options. The standards for central air conditioners and furnaces took effect in 1992, because it took longer to redesign these products. Appliance efficiency standards for refrigerators took effect in 1993.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
appliances used: Appliances possessed and used by the household during the year. Appliances posessed by the household but not used are not counted. Appliances loaned to the household for its regular use are included. Appliances temporarily not in working condition but generally used by the household are included only if a repair person has been called or the appliance has been taken to a repair shop. The following list of appliances are specified: refrigerator, swimming pool, hot tub, jacuzzi heaters, stove top burners, ovens (excluding toaster ovens), microwave ovens, outdoor gas grills, clothes washers, dishwashers, clothes dryers, outdoor gas lights, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, evaporative coolers, fans, electric blankets, water-bed heaters, and television sets. Swimming pool, hot tub, or jacuzzi heaters are included only if they are for the exclusive use of the housing unit; those heaters that are for the use of many resident households (such as those in apartment buildings, condominiums, or cooperatives) are excluded. The "range" (stove-
top burners) and "oven" are considered two separate appliances, although they are often purchased as one appliance. See Refrigerator and Evaporative Cooler.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
appliances: Appliances used in the home during the year, including those loaned to the householder for regular use. Appliances possessed by the household but not used are not counted, except for air-conditioning equipment. Appliances temporarily not in working condition but generally used by the household are included only if a repair person has been called or the appliance has been taken to a repair shop.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
aromatics: Hydrocarbons characterized by unsaturated ring structures of carbon atoms. Commercial petroleum aromatics are benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
as received coal: Coal in the condition as received by the user.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
asbestos: A group of naturally occurring minerals that separate into long, thin fibers. Asbestos was used for many years to insulate and fireproof buildings. In the 1989 CBECS, information on asbestos in buildings was collected (Section R of the Buildings Questionnaire) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Asbestos treatment methods include removal, encapsulation or sealing, and enclosure behind a permanent barrier. Types of asbestos that may be found in buildings are:
a. Heating or cooling system insulation wrap--
refers to asbestos-containing building material (ACBM) applied to pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, or other structural components to prevent heat loss or gain, or water condensation. This insulation was typically made in pre-formed sections for either pipes or boilers and tanks. It is commonly chalky white in appearance with a plaster-saturated canvas used as a final wrap.
b. Sprayed on or trowelled on surfacing material--refers to ACBM such as acoustic plaster on ceilings or fire- proofing on structural members such as I-beams and decking. While the main use is thermal insulation, the material may also provide acoustic insulation and a decorative finish. Sprayed coatings typically have a rough, fluffy appearance while trowelled coatings have a smoother finish and may be covered with a layer of plaster or other nonasbestos material. Ceiling tiles--refer to ceiling tiles that contain asbestos. The asbestos was added to strengthen the tiles and to provide acoustic insulation and fireproofing.
d. Flooring tiles--refer to vinyl flooring tiles to which asbestos has been added as a strengthening agent. Asbestos may also be present in the backing of vinyl sheet flooring.
e. Some other form--refers to ACBM used in such building materials as wall- board and cement pipes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina, and other noncombustible matter that are contained in coal. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the cost of handling, and can affect its burning characteristics. Ash content is measured as a percent by weight of coal on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
asian or pacific islander: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, India, Japan, Korea, the Phillippine Islands, and Samoa.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: OMBDirective15
asphalt (natural): A natural mineral pitch, tar, or bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbons, a natural bituminous rock of dark color comparatively hard and nonvolatile. Does not include asphalt, bitumen, tar, etc. derived from petroleum processing.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
asphalt (refined): A dark brown to black solid or semi-solid material obtained from petroleum processing in which the predominate component is bitumen. Used mainly in road construction.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
asphalt, fiberglass, or other shingles: See Shingles.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
asphalt: A dark-brown-to-black cement-like material containing bitumens as the predominant constituent obtained by petroleum processing. The definition includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts. The conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per short ton.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
assembly identifier: A unique string of alphanumeric characters that identifies an assembly, bundle, or canister for a specific reactor in which it has been irradiated.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
assembly type: Each assembly is characterized by a fabricator, rod-array size, and model type. An eight-digit assembly type code is assigned to each assembly type based on certain distinguishing characteristics, such as the number of rods per assembly, fuel rod diameter, cladding type, materials used in fabrication, and other design features.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
assessment work: The annual or biennial work performed on a mining claim (or claims), after claim location and before patent, to benefit or develop the claim and to protect it from relocation by third parties.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
asset: An economic resource, tangible or intangible, which is expected to provide benefits to a business.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2
assistance for heating in winter: Assistance from the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). The purpose of LIHEAP is to assist eligible households to meet the costs of home energy, i.e., a source of heating or cooling residential buildings.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
assistance for weatherization of residence: The household received services free, or at a reduced cost, from the Federal, State, or local Government. Any of the following services could have been received:
- Insulation in the attic, outside wall, or basement/crawlspace below the floor of the house
- Insulation around the hot water heater
- Repair of broken windows or doors to keep out the cold or hot weather
- Weather stripping or caulking around any windows or doors to the outside
- Storm doors or windows added
- Repair of broken furnace
- Furnace tuneup and/or modifications
- Other home energy-saving devices.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
associated company (affiliated): A company that is either directly or indirectly controlled by or owned by another firm or holding company.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
associated gas: Gas produced in a field containing both oil and gas. The field is developed primarily for extraction of crude oil.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
astm: The acronym for the American Society for Testing and Materials.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0535
atmospheric crude oil distillation: The refining process of separating crude oil components at atmospheric pressure by heating to temperatures of about 600 degrees to 750 degrees Fahrenheit (depending on the nature of the crude oil and desired products) and subsequent condensing of the fractions by cooling.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*
attic exhaust fan: Removes hot air from the attic by an electric powered fan.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
attic insulation: Insulating materials in the attic, placed either underneath the roof, on the roof, or on the floor of the attic. See Ceiling Insulation and Roof Insulation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
auger mine: A surface mine in which the coal bed is removed by means of a large diameter drill. Usually operated only when the overburden becomes too thick for economical strip mining.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*
authorization form: The one-page form signed by the respondent that gives permission to ask the energy supplier for information about the energy used in the housing unit and about participation in special programs such as audit, DSM, and energy assistance programs. The form contains the name of each energy supplier.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
authorized cash distribution to municipality: The authorized cash distributions to the municipality from the earned surplus of the utility department.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
automatic set-back or clock thermostat: A thermostat that can be set to turn the heating/cooling system off and on at certain predetermined times.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
automobile and truck classifications: Vehicle classifications for automobiles and light-duty trucks were obtained from the EPA mileage guide book. Almost every year there are small changes in the classifications, therefore the categories will change accordingly. The EPA mileage guide can be found at any new car dealership.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
automobile: Includes standard passenger car, two-seater car and station wagons; excludes passenger vans, cargo vans, motor homes, pickup trucks, and jeeps or similar vehicles. See Vehicles.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
availability of natural gas in the neighborhood: Respondents are asked, "Is gas from underground pipes available in this neighborhood?" The meaning of "available" and "neighborhood" is left to individual interpretation by the respondents. The intent of this question is to determine whether a residence could be "readily" hooked up to a gas line.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2
available but not needed capability: Net capability of main generating units that are operable but not considered necessary to carry load and cannot be connected to load within 30 minutes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
average daily production: The ratio of the total production at a mining operation to the total number of production days worked at the operation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
average delivered price: The weighted average of all contract-price commitments and market-price settlements in a delivery year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
average household energy expenditures: A ratio estimate defined as the total household energy expenditures divided by the total number of households. See Ratio Estimate and Combined Household Energy Expenditures.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
average mine price: The ratio of the total value of the coal produced at the mine to the total production tonnage. (See f.o.b. mine price.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
average production per miner per day: The product of the average production per miner per hour at a mining operation and the average length of a production shift at the operation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
average production per miner per hour: The ratio of the total production at a mining operation to the total direct labor hours worked at the operation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
average revenue per kilowatthour: The average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold by sector (residential, commercial, industrial, or other) and geographic area (State, Census division, and national) is calculated by dividing the total monthly revenue by the corresponding total monthly sales for each sector and geographic area.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
average stream flow: The rate, usually expressed in cubic feet per second, at which water passes a given point in a stream over a set period of time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
average vehicle fuel consumption: A ratio estimate defined as total gallons of fuel consumed by all vehicles divided by: (1) the total number of vehicles (for average fuel consumption per vehicle) or (2) the total number of households (for average fuel consumption per household). See Ratio Estimate.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
average vehicle miles traveled: A ratio estimate defined as total miles traveled by all vehicles, divided by: (1) the total number of vehicles (for average miles traveled per vehicle) or (2) the total number of households (for average miles traveled per household). See Ratio Estimate and Vehicle Miles Traveled.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
average water conditions: The amount and distribution of precipitation within a drainage basin and the run-off conditions present as determined by reviewing the area water supply records over a long period of time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0455
aviation gasoline (finished): All special grades of gasoline for use in aviation reciprocating engines, as given in ASTM Specification D910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Excludes blending components that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0487
aviation gasoline blending components: Naphthas that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates are reported as other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*
aviation gasoline: Special grades of gasoline for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Finished aviation gasoline excludes blending components (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, and reformate) that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0545
backup fuel: In a central heat pump system, the fuel used in the furnace that takes over the space heating when the outdoor temperature drops below that which is feasible to operate a heat pump. See Heat Pump.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
backup power: Electric energy supplied by a utility to replace power and energy lost during an unscheduled equipment outage.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
balancing item: Represents differences between the sum of the components of natural gas supply and the sum of the components of natural gas disposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in company accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and imbalances resulting from the merger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538
ballast: See High-Efficiency Ballast.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
baltic states: Consists of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
OPI: EI-20
Sources:
barrel +: One barrel of crude oil contains 42 gallons.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
barrel - (petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. gallons.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
barrel: A volumetric unit of measure for crude oil and petroleum products equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons. This measure is used in most statistical reports. Factors for converting petroleum coke, asphalt, still gas, and wax to barrels are given in the definitions of these products.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
barrels per calendar day (1): The maximum number of barrels of input that can be processed during a 24-hour period after making allowances for the following limitations: the capability of downstream facilities to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery. No reduction is made when a planned distribution of intermediate streams through other than downstream facilities is part of a refinery's normal operation; the types and grades of inputs to be processed; the types and grades of products expected to be manufactured; the environmental constraints associated with refinery operations; the reduction of capacity for scheduled downtime such as routine inspection, mechanical problems, maintenance, repairs, and tunaround; and the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime such as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
barrels per calendar day (2): Represents the maximum number of barrels of input to crude oil processing units that can be processed in an average 24-hour period after making allowances for downstream limitations, environmental constraints, types and grades of inputs, planned and unplanned downtime, and types and grades of products. The calculation should be based upon the daily capacities available throughout the year. For example, a 100 M barrel-per-day capacity refinery, which was shut down for 4 months, would be expressed as 67 M barrels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
barrels per calendar day (operable refinery capacity): The maximum number of barrels of input that can be processed during a 24-hour period after making allowances for the following limitations: the capability of downstream facilities to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is made when a planned distribution of intermediate streams through other than downstream facilities is part of a refinery's normal operation); the types and grades of inputs to be processed; the types and grades of products to be processed; the types and grades of products to be manufactured; the environmental constraints associated with refinery operations; the reduction of capacity for scheduled downtime, such as routine inspection, mechanical problems, maintenance repairs, and turnaround; and the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime such as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
barrels per stream day (operable refinery capacity): The maximum number of barrels of input that can be processed in an atmospheric distillation facility running at full capacity under optimal crude and product slate conditions with no allowance for downtime.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214
barrels per stream day: The amount a unit can process running at full capacity under optimal crude oil and product slate conditions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
base (cushion) gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas volume.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-191, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0384*
base bill: A charge calculated by taking the rate from the appropriate electric rate schedule and applying it to the level of consumption.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
base load capacity: The generating equipment normally operated to serve loads on an around-the-clock basis.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
base load plant: A plant, usually housing high-efficiency steam-
electric units, which is normally operated to take all or part of the minimum load of a system, and which consequently produces electricity at an essentially constant rate and runs continuously. These units are operated to maximize system mechanical and thermal efficiency and minimize system operating costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
base load: The minimum amount of electric power delivered or required over a given period of time at a steady rate.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
base period: The period of time for which data used as the base of an index number, or other ratio, have been collected. This period is frequently one of a year but it may be as short as one day or as long as the average of a group of years. The length of the base period is governed by the nature of the material under review, the purpose for which the index number (or ratio) is being compiled, and the desire to use a period as free as possible from abnormal influences in order to avoid bias.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
base rate: A fixed-per-kilowatthour charge for electricity consumed that is independent of other charges and/or adjustments.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540
baseboard heater: As a type of heating equipment, a system in which either electric resistance coils or finned tubes carrying steam or hot water are mounted behind shallow panels along baseboards. Baseboards rely on passive convection to distribute heated air in the space. Electric baseboards are an example of an "Individual Space Heater." (See Individual Space Heater.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
basement: An enclosed space in which a person can walk upright under all or part of the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
basic royalty: A guaranteed minimum amount of royalty income that a royalty owner is to receive under the terms of the lease agreement, regardless of the royalty owner's share of actual proceeds from the sale of production. A minimum royalty may or may not be recoverable out of future production.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
bathroom: A full bathroom contains a sink with running water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or shower. A half bathroom contains a toilet or bathtub or shower.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
bbl: The abbreviation for barrel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
bcf: The abbreviation for billion cubic feet.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
bedroom: Room intended for sleeping, even if not presently used for sleeping. Number of bedrooms are those that would be listed as descriptive of the apartment or house if it were on the market for sale or rent. A one-room efficiency or studio apartment has no bedrooms.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
benzene (C6.H&sub6.): An aromatic hydrocarbon present in small proportion in some crude oils and made commercially from petroleum by the catalytic reforming of naphthenes in petroleum naphtha. Also made from coal in the manufacture of coke. Used as a solvent in the manufacture of detergents, synthetic fibers, and petrochemicals and as a component of high-octane gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545*
bi-fuel vehicle: A motor vehicle that operates on two different fuels, but not on a mixture of the fuels. Each fuel is stored in a separate tank.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
billing period: The time between meter readings. It does not refer to the time when the bill was sent or when the payment was to have been received. In some cases, the billing period is the same as the billing cycle that corresponds closely (within several days) to meter-reading dates. For fuel oil and LPG, the billing period is the number of days between fuel deliveries.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
biodiesel: Any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. Biodiesel fuels are typically made from oils such as soybeans, rapeseed, or sunflowers, or from animal tallow. Biodiesel can also be made from hydrocarbons derived from agricultural products such as rice hulls.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
biofuels (1): Wood, waste, and alcohol fuels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
biofuels (2): Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass feedstocks, primarily used for transportation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
biomass gas: A medium Btu gas containing methane and carbon dioxide, resulting from the action of microorganisms on organic materials such as a landfill.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable energy source.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
bitumen: A naturally occurring viscous mixture, mainly of hydrocarbons heavier than pentane, that may contain sulphur compounds and that, in its natural occurring viscous state, is not recoverable at a commercial rate through a well.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
bituminous coal +: The most common coal. It is dense and black (often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material). Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent. It is used for generating electricity, making coke, and space heating.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
bituminous coal: The most common coal. It is dense and black (often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material). Its moisture content is usually less than 20 percent. It is used for generating electricity, making coke, and space heating. Comprises five groups classified according to ASTM Specification D-388-9la, on a dry mineral-
matter-free mmf basis for fixed-carbon and volatile matter and a moist mmf basis for calorific value. Coals having 69 percent or more fixed carbon on the dry, mineral-matter-
free basis shall be classified according to fixed carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. High-volatile C bituminous coal is agglomerating, but other bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating. However, it is recognized that there may be nonagglomerating varieties in these groups of the bituminous class, and there are notable exceptions in the high-volatile C bituminous group. Coals with less than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A bituminous.
Fixed Volatile Calorific Carbon Matter Value Limits Limits Limits GE LT GT LT GE LE lv 78 86 14 22 - - mv 69 78 22 31 - - hvA - 69 31 - 14000 - hvB - - - - 13000 14000 hvC - - - - 10500 13000 lv = Low-volatile bituminous coal mv = Medium-
volatile bituminous coal hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal hvC = high-volatile C bituminous coal GE = Greater than or equal to LT = Less than GT = Greater than LE = Less than or equal to
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0125*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
black lung benefits: In the content of the coal operation statement of income, this term refers to all payments, including taxes, made by the company attributable to Black Lung.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
black: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: OMBDirective15
blast furnace gas: The waste combustible gas generated in a blast furnace when iron ore is being reduced with coke to metallic iron. It is commonly used as a fuel within steel works.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
blast furnace: A furnace in which solid fuel (coke) is burned with an air blast to smelt ore.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*
blending components: See Motor or Aviation Gasoline Blending Components.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825
blending plant: A facility that has no refining capability but is either capable of producing finished motor gasoline through mechanical blending or blends oxygenates with motor gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*
block rate schedule: An electric rate schedule with a provision for charging a different unit cost for various increasing blocks of demand or energy. Usually a reduced price is charged on succeeding blocks.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
block-rate structure: An electric rate schedule with a provision for charging a different unit cost for various increasing blocks of demand for energy. A reduced rate is charged on succeeding blocks.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
bls: Bureau of Labor Statistics within the U.S. Department of Labor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
boiler fuel: An energy source to produce heat that is transferred to the boiler vessel in order to generate steam or hot water. Fossil fuel is the primary energy source used to produce heat for boilers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
boiler: A device for generating steam for power, processing, or heating purposes; or hot water for heating purposes or hot water supply. Heat from an external combustion source is transmitted to a fluid contained within the tubes found in the boiler shell. This fluid is delivered to an end-use at a desired pressure, temperature, and quality.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
boiling-water reactor (bwr): A light-water reactor in which water, used as both coolant and moderator, is allowed to boil in the core. The resulting steam can be used directly to drive a turbine.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0436
bonded petroleum imports: Petroleum imported and entered into Customs bonded storage. These imports are not included in the import statistics until they are: (1) withdrawn from storage free of duty for use as fuel for vessels and aircraft engaged in international trade; or (2) withdrawn from storage with duty paid for domestic use.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340
bone coal: Coal with a high ash content; it is dull in appearance, hard, and compact.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
book value: The portion of the carrying value (other than the portion associated with tangible assets) prorated in each accounting period, for financial reporting purposes, to the extracted portion of an economic interest in a wasting natural resource. (See Depletion (1).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
booked costs: Costs allocated or assigned to inter-
departmental or intracompany transactions, such as on-system or SNG production and company-owned gas used in gas operations and recorded in company books or records for accounting and/or regulatory purposes.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
borderline customer: A customer located in the service area of one utility, but supplied by a neighboring utility through an arrangement between the utilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
bottled gas, LPG, or propane: Any fuel gas supplied to a building in liquid form, such as liquefied petroleum gas, propane, or butane. It is usually delivered by tank truck and stored near the building in a tank or cylinder until used.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
bottled gas: See Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*
bottom ash: Residue mainly from the coal burning process that falls to the bottom of the boiler for removal and disposal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
bottom-hole contribution: A payment (either in cash or in acreage) that is required by agreement when a test well is drilled to a specified depth regardless of the outcome of the well and that is made in exchange for well and evaluation data. (See Dry-
Hole Contribution and Test Well Contribution).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
branded product: A refined petroleum product sold by a refiner with the understanding that the purchaser has the right to resell the product under a trademark, trade name, service mark, or other identifying symbol or names owned by such refiner.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
break-even cutoff grade: The lowest grade of material that can be mined and processed considering all applicable costs, without incurring a loss or gaining a profit.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
breccia: A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
breeder reactor: A reactor that both produces and consumes fissionable fuel, especially one that creates more fuel than it consumes. The new fissionable material is created by a process known as breeding, in which neutrons from fission are captured in fertile materials.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usually breeze will pass through a 1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most often used as a fuel source in the process of agglomerating iron ore.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*
brick, stone, stucco, or other masonry: The outside surface material is brick, stone, stucco or other masonry. Masonry is a general term covering all construction using masonry units such as brick, concrete block, stone, tile, etc., that are set in mortar.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
british thermal unit (Btu): The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. (See Btu.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0064*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0174, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0464*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
btu conversion factor: See Conversion Factor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
btu conversion factors (1): The Btu conversion factors are as follows:
- -----------------------------------------------
------------------------
Btu Equivalent Unit
- -----------------------------------------------
------------------------
Electricity 3,412 Kilowatthour
Natural Gas 1,030 cubic foot
Distillate Fuel Oils
(Nos. 1,2, and 4) 138,690 gallon
Residual Fuel Oils (Nos. 5 and 6) 149,690 gallon
Kerosene 135,000 gallon
District heat (Steam and Hot Water) 1,000 pound
- -----------------------------------------------
------------------
Note: Btu of district hot water have been converted into equivalent pounds of steam using the conversion 1,000 Btu hot water = 1 pound steam. Sources: Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review (June 1991), pp. 125-129 for electricity, natural gas, distillate, residual, and kerosene; and Methodological Issues In the Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (September 1983) pp. 173-175 for district steam.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
btu conversion factors: Btu conversion factors for site energy are as follows:
Electricity........ 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour
Natural Gas........ 1,031 Btu/cubic foot
Fuel Oil No.1...... 135,000 Btu/gallon
Kerosene........... 135,000 Btu/gallon
Fuel Oil No.2...... 138,690 Btu/gallon
LPG (Propane)...... 91,330 Btu/gallon
Wood..................... 20 million Btu/cord
Other conversion factors used in this report include: 1 therm = 100,000 Btu 1 barrel = 42 gallons
Because almost all LPG reported by the fuel suppliers was proprane, the LPG conversion factor is that for propane. See Wood Conversion to Btu, Site Energy, and Conversion Factor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
btu per cubic foot: The total heating value, expressed in Btu, produced by the combustion, at constant pressure, of the amount of the gas that would occupy a volume of 1 cubic foot at a temperature of 60 degrees F if saturated with water vapor and under a pressure equivalent to that of 30 inches of mercury at 32 degrees F and under standard gravitational force (980.665 cm. per sec. squared) with air of the same temperature and pressure as the gas, when the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of gas and air when the water formed by combustion is condensed to the liquid state. (Sometimes called gross heating value or total heating value.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-2
btx: The acronym for the commercial petroleum aromatics--benzene, toluene, and xylene. See individual categories for definitions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
budget plan: An agreement between the household and the utility company or fuel supplier that allows the household to pay the same amount for fuel for each month for a number of months.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
building energy manager: A person whose chief day-to-day responsibility is the physical operation and maintenance of the building's heating and/or cooling equipment. (See Energy Management Practices.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
building shape: The shape of the building that mostly resembles the floorplan of the building. This is often referred to as the "footprint" of the building. For the CBECS Survey, the following shapes were asked: square, rectangle, rectangle or square with courtyard, right angle (L shape) and H, U, E, T, L and cross shapes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
building shell (envelope) DSM program: A DSM program that promotes reduction of energy consumption through improvements to the building envelope. Includes installations of insulation, weatherstripping, caulking, window film, and window replacement. (See Building Shell (Envelope) and DSM Programs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
building shell (envelope): The thermal envelope of the building, that is, the roof, exterior walls, and bottom floors that enclose conditioned space through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
building shell conservation feature: A building feature designed to reduce energy loss or gain through the shell or envelope of the building. Data collected on the following specific building shell energy conservation features: roof, ceiling, or wall insulation; storm windows or double- or triple-paned glass (multiple glazing); tinted or reflective glass or shading films; exterior or interior shadings or awnings; and weather stripping or caulking. (See Roof or Ceiling Insulation, Wall Insulation, Reflective or Shading Glass or Film, Storm Windows or Triple-Paned Glass, Building Shell (Envelope), Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings, and Weather Stripping or Caulking.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
building: A structure totally enclosed by walls extending from the foundation to the roof, containing more than 1000 square feet of floorspace, and intended for human occupancy. Structures that are included as a specific exception are parking garages not totally enclosed by walls and a roof, as well as structures erected on pillars to elevate the first fully enclosed level, but leaving the sides at ground level open. Excluded as nonbuildings are the following: structures (other than the exceptions just noted) that are not totally enclosed by walls and a roof (such as oil refineries, steel mills, and water towers); street lights, pumps, billboards, bridges, swimming pools, and construction sites, mobile homes and trailers, even if they house commercial activity; and oil storage tanks. (See Commercial Building and Nonresidential Building.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
built-in electric units: An individual-resistance electric-heating unit that is permanently installed in the floors, walls, ceilings, or baseboards and is part of the electrical installation of the building. Electric-heating devices that are plugged into an electric socket or outlet are not considered built in. (See Heating Equipment.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
built-up (tar, felts, or fiberglass and a ballast, such as stone): A roof covering consisting of several successive layers (each of which is called a ply) usually of roofing felt with moppings of hot asphalt between layers and topped by a mineral-surfaced layer or by gravel embedded in a heavy coat of asphalt.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
built-up roof: A roof covering consisting of several successive layers (each of which is called a ply) usually of roofing felt with moppings of hot asphalt between layers and topped by a mineral-surfaced layer or by gravel embedded in a heavy coat of asphalt.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
bulk power transactions: The wholesale sale, purchase, and interchange of electricity among electric utilities. Bulk power transactions are used by electric utilities for many different aspects of electric utility operations, from maintaining load to reducing costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
bulk sales: Wholesale sales of gasoline in individual transactions which exceed the size of a truckload.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380
bulk station: A facility used primarily for the storage and/or marketing of petroleum products, which has a total bulk storage capacity of less than 50,000 barrels and receives its petroleum products by tank car or truck.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825
bulk terminal: A facility used primarily for the storage and/or marketing of petroleum products, which has a total bulk storage capacity of 50,000 barrels or more and/or receives petroleum products by tanker, barge, or pipeline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0545
bunkers: Fuels supplied to ships and aircraft in international transportation, irrespective of the flag of the carrier, consisting primarily of residual, distillate, and jet fuel oils.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
bureau of labor statistics (BLS) pump price series: (See Price.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
burn days: The number of days the station could continue to operate by burning coal already on hand assuming no additional deliveries of coal and an average consumption rate.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-20
burnup: Amount of thermal energy generated per unit mass of fuel, expressed as GigaWatt-Days Thermal per Metric Ton of Initial Heavy Metal (GWDT/MTIHM), rounded to the nearest gigawatt day.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859, DOE/EIA-0436*
bus: An electrical conductor that serves as a common connection for two or more electrical circuits.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
butane (C4H10): A normally gaseous straight-chain or branch-
chain hydrocarbon extracted from hydrocarbon extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes isobutane and normal butane and is designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for commerical butane. Isobutane (C4H10). A normally gaseous branch- chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. Normal butane (C4H10). A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*
butylene (C4H8): An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*
buy-back oil: Crude oil acquired from a host government whereby a portion of the government's ownership interest in the crude oil produced in that country may or should be purchased by the producing firm.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
bypassed footage: Bypassed footage is the footage in that section of hole that is abandoned as the result of remedial sidetrack drilling operations.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
byproduct: A secondary or additional product resulting from the feedstock use of energy or the processing of nonenergy materials. For example, the more common byproducts of coke ovens are coal gas, tar, and a mixture of benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
c4H: A mixture of light hydrocarbons that have the general formula C4Hn, where N is the number of hydrogen atoms per molecule. Examples include butane (C4H10) and butylene (C4H8).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
canadian deuterium - uranium reactor (CANDU): Uses heavy water or deuterium oxide (D2O), rather than light water (H2O), as the coolant and moderator. Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen that has a different neutron absorption spectrum from that of ordinary hydrogen. In a deuterium-oxide-
moderated reactor, fuel made from natural uranium (0.71 U-235) can sustain a chain reaction.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
capability margin: The difference between net system capability and system peak load. Nationally, it is the difference between aggregate net system capability and the sum of system peak loads without allowance for time diversity between the loads of the individual systems. Regional computations take into account the diversity between peak loads of the systems that coordinate operations. This margin indicates the capability available to provide for scheduled maintenance, emergency outages, system operating requirements, and unforeseen loads.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
capability: The maximum load that a generating unit, generating station, or other electrical apparatus can carry under specified conditions for a given period of time without exceeding approved limits of temperature and stress.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
capable of being fueled: A vehicle is capable of being fueled by a particular fuel(s) if that vehicle has the engine components in place to make operation possible on the fuel(s). The vehicle does not necessarily have to run on the fuel(s) in order for that vehicle to be considered capable of being fueled by the fuel(s). For example, a vehicle that is equipped to operate on either gasoline or natural gas but normally operates on gasoline is considered to be capable of being fueled by gasoline and natural gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
capacity (1): The amount of electric power delivered or required for which a generator, turbine, transformer, transmission circuit, station, or system is rated by the manufacturer.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0436*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
capacity (2): The highest level of output under realistic conditions.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
capacity - (purchased): The amount of energy and capacity available for purchase from outside the system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2
capacity charge: An element in a two-part pricing method used in capacity transactions (energy charge is the other element). The capacity charge, sometimes called Demand Charge, is assessed on the amount of capacity being purchased.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
capacity factor: The ratio of the electrical energy produced by a generating unit for the period of time considered to the electrical energy that could have been produced at continuous full-power operation during the same period.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0436*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531*
capacity transaction: The acquisition of a specified quantity of generating capacity from another utility for a specified period of time. The utility selling the power is obligated to make available to the buyer a specified quantity of power.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
capacity, refining: The measure of capacity used on Schedule 5242 is adopted from the Form EIA-820, Annual Refinery Report.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
capital cost: Cost of mine development and mill or plant construction and the equipment required for the production of uranium from a property, excluding sunk costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
captive coal: All coal produced and consumed by the independent producer/operator or operating subsidiary or produced for consumption by a parent company.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0064*, DOE/EIA-0118*
captive refinery MTBE plants: MTBE production facilities primarily located within refineries. These integrated refinery units produce MTBE from Fluid Cat Cracker isobutylene with production dedicated to internal gasoline blending requirements.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
captive refinery oxygenate plants: Oxygenate production facilities located within or adjacent to a refinery complex.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804
carburetor: A fuel delivery device for producing a proper mixture of gasoline vapor and air and for delivering it to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. Gasoline is gravity-fed from a reservoir bowl into a throttle bore, where it is allowed to evaporate into the stream of air being inducted by the engine. See Diesel Fuel System and Fuel Injection.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464*
carrying costs: Costs incurred in order to retain exploration and property rights after acquisition but before production has occurred. Such costs include legal costs for title defense, ad valorem taxes on nonproducing mineral properties, shut-in royalties, and delay rentals.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
cash and carry: Kerosene, fuel oil, or bottled gas (tank or propane) purchased with cash, by check, or by credit card and taken home by the purchaser. The purchaser provides the container or pays extra for the container.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
casinghead gas (or oil well gas): Natural gas produced along with crude oil from oil wells. It contains either dissolved or associated gas or both.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-627
cast silicon: Crystalline silicon obtained by pouring pure molten silicon into a vertical mold and adjusting the temperature gradient along the mold volume during cooling to obtain slow, vertically advancing crystallization of the silicon. The polycrystalline ingot thus formed is composed of large, relatively parallel, interlocking crystals. The cast ingots are sawed into wafers for further fabrication into photovoltaic cells. Cast-silicon wafers and ribbon-silicon sheets fabricated into cells are usually referred to as polycrystalline photovoltaic cells.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B, DOE/EIA-0174
catalyst coke: In many catalytic operations (e.g., catalytic cracking), carbon is deposited on the catalyst, thus deactivating the catalyst. The catalyst is reactivated by burning off the carbon, which is used as a fuel in the refining process. This carbon or coke is not recoverable in a concentrated form.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*
catalytic cracking: The refining process of breaking down the larger, heavier, and more complex hydrocarbon molecules into simpler and lighter molecules. Catalytic cracking is accomplished by the use of a catalytic agent and is an effective process for increasing the yield of gasoline from crude oil. Catalytic cracking processes fresh feeds and recycled feeds.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
catalytic hydrocracking: A refining process that uses hydrogen and catalysts with relatively low temperatures and high pressures for converting middle boiling or residual material to high-octane gasoline, reformer charge stock, jet fuel, and /or high-
grade fuel oil. The process uses one or more catalysts, depending on product output, and can handle high-sulfur feedstocks without prior desulfurization.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545*
catalytic hydrotreating: A refining process for treating petroleum fractions from atmospheric or vacuum distillation units (e.g., naphthas, middle distillates, reformer feeds, residual fuel oil, and heavy gas oil) and other petroleum (e.g., cat cracked naphtha, coker naphtha, gas oil, etc.) in the presence of catalysts and substantial quantities of hydrogen. Hydrotreating includes desulfurization, removal of substances (e.g., nitrogen compounds) that deactivate catalysts, conversion of olefins to paraffins to reduce gum formation in gasoline, and other processes to upgrade the quality of the fractions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
catalytic reforming: A refining process using controlled heat and pressure with catalysts to rearrange certain hydrocarbon molecules, thereby converting paraffinic and naphthenic type hydrocarbons (e.g., low-octane gasoline boiling range fractions) into petrochemical feedstocks and higher octane stocks suitable for blending into finished gasoline. Catalytic reforming is reported in two categories. They are: Low Pressure. A processing unit operating at less than 225 pounds per square inch gauge (PSIG) measured at the outlet separator. High pressure. A processing unit operating at either equal to or greater than 225 pounds per square inch gauge (PSIG) measured at the outlet separator.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*
caulking: Moldable sealing material around any windows or doors to the outside that (when put into cracks around the frames of windows or doors, or cracks in other stationary parts of a house) reduces the passage of air and moisture. Caulking comes in a tube and is claylike so it can be molded by hand to fit the space being treated. Caulking can be applied either to the inside or to the outside of the home. It includes materials known as "sealants," "putty," and "glazing compounds."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
cbecs: Commerical Buildings Emergency Consumption Survey
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
cdd: See Cooling Degree-Days (CDD).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
ceiling fan: Fans installed on the ceiling.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
ceiling insulation: Insulating materials placed between the ceiling and the roof.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
cells to OEM (non-PV): Cells shipped to non-photovoltaic original equipment manufacturers such as boat manufacturers, car manufacturers, etc.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
cells: Refers to the un-encapsulated semi-conductor components of the module that convert the solar energy to electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
census division (1): A geographic area consisting of several States defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The States are grouped into nine divisions and four regions:
Region/Division States
Northeast/New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont
Northeast/Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York and Pennylvania
Midwest/East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,and and Wisconsin
Midwest/North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, No. Dakota, and So. Dakota
South/South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Flordia, Georgia, Maryland, No. Carolina, So. Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia
South/East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee
South/West South Central: Arkansas, Louisana Oklahoma, and Texas West/Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming West/Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
census division (2): The nine geographic divisions of the United States established by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, for statistical analysis. The boundaries of Census divisions coincide with State boundaries. In some cases, the Pacific Division is subdivided into the Pacific Contiguous and Pacific Noncontiguous areas.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0125*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
census region: A geographic area defined by the Bureau of the Census, consisting of various States selected according to population size and physical location. The States are grouped into four regions:
1. Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
2. South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia.
3. Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
4. West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*
census: The complete enumeration of a population or groups at a point in time with respect to well- defined characteristics: for example, population, production, traffic on particular roads. In some connection the term is associated with the data collected rather than the extent of the collection so that the term sample census has a distinct meaning. The partial enumeration resulting from a failure to cover the whole population, as distinct from a designed sample enquiry, may be referred to as an "incomplete census."
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
central air-conditioning: See Air-Conditioning.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
central chiller: Any centrally located air-conditioning system that produces chilled water in order to cool air. The chilled water or cold air is then distributed throughout the building, using pipes or air ducts or both. These systems are also commonly known as "chillers," "centrifugal chillers," "reciprocating chillers," or "absorption chillers." Chillers are generally located in or just outside the building they serve. Buildings receiving district chilled water are served by chillers located at central physical plants. (See Cooling, District Chilled Water, Central Physical Plant, and HVAC.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
central city: Usually one or more legally incorporated cities within the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) that is significantly large by itself or large relative to the largest city in the MSA. Additional criteria for being classified central city include having at least 75 jobs for each 100 employed residents and having at least 40 percent of the resident workers employed within the city limits. Every MSA has at least one central city, which is usually the largest city. Central cities are commonly regarded as relatively large communities with a denser population and a higher concentration of economic activities than the outlying or suburban areas of the MSA. "Outside Central City" are those parts of the MSA that are not designated as central city. See Metropolitan.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*
central cooling: Cooling of an entire building with a refrigeration unit to condition the air. Typically central chillers and ductwork are present in the centrally cooled building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
central physical plant: A plant owned by, and on the grounds of, a multibuilding facility that provides district heating, district cooling, or electricity to other buildings on the same facility. To qualify as a central plant it must provide district heat, district chilled water, or electricity to at least one other building. The central physical plant may be by itself in a separate building or may be located in a building where other activities occur. (See Multibuilding Facility, District Heat, or District Chilled Water.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
central warm-air furnace: A type of space-heating equipment where a central combustor or resistance unit--generally using gas, fuel oil, or electricity-- provides warm air through ducts leading to the various rooms. Heat pumps are not included in this category. A forced-air furnace is one in which a fan is used to force the air through the ducts. In a gravity furnace, air is circulated by gravity, relying on the natural flow of warm air up and cold air down; the warm air rises through ducts and the cold air falls through ducts that return it to the furnace to be reheated and this completes the circulation cycle.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
centralized water heating system: Equipment, to heat and store water for other than space heating purposes, which provides hot water from a single location for distribution throughout a building. A residential-type tank water heater is a good example of a centralized water heater. (See Water-Heating Equipment and Distributed/Point of Use Water Heating System).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
certificate requirement: The maximum annual volume allowed for sales to resale or direct sale customers under certificate authorizations by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167*
certificate: A type of permit for public convenience and necessity issued by a utility commission, which authorizes a utility or regulated company to engage in business, construct facilities, provide some services, or abandon service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
cfc: See Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
cfs: Cubic feet per second.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
charge capacity: The input (feed) capacity of the refinery processing facilities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
chemical operations: All chemical operations.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
chiller: See Central Chiller.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
chlorofluorocarbon: (CFC): Any of various compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and flourine used as refrigerants. CFCs are now thought to be harmful to the earth's atmosphere. (See Central Chiller, Packaged Units, Refrigeration Unit, and Freezer.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
christmas tree: The valves and fittings installed at the top of a gas or oil well to control and direct the flow of well fluids.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
cid: Cubic Inch Displacement. See Engine Size.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
cif (cargo, insurance and freight): CIF refers to cargos for which the seller pays for the transportation and insurance up to the port of destination.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
cif (cost, insurance, freight): (Cost, Insurance, Freight). This term refers to a type of sale in which the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that includes the f.o.b. value of the product at the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and transporation. This type of a transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase, in that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified by the Bill of Lading and Quality Report) rather than pay based on the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms of an f.o.b. sale, except that the seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
circuit-mile: The total length in miles of separate circuits regardless of the number of conductors used per circuit.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
circuit: A conductor or a system of conductors through which electric current flows.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
citygate: A point or measuring station at which a distributing gas utility receives gas from a natural gas pipeline company or transmission system.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, EIA-857, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0384
class A electric utility: An electric utility having annual electric operating revenues of $2.5 million or more. (Use of this term ceased on December 31, 1983.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
class B electric utility: An electric utility having annual electric operating revenues of $1.0 million or more but less than $2.5 million. (Use of this term ceased on December 31, 1983.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
class rate schedule: An electric rate schedule applicable to one or more specified classes of service, groups of businesses, or customer uses.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0540
classes of service: Customers grouped by similar characteristics in order to be identified for the purpose of setting a common rate for electric service. Usually classified into groups identified as residential, commercial, industrial, and other.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540*
climate zone: One of five climatically distinct areas, defined by long-term weather conditions effecting the heating and cooling loads in buildings. The zones were developed from seven distinct climate categories originally identified by the American Institute of Architects (AIA) for the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
The zones were determined according to the 45-
year average (1931-1975) of the annual heating and cooling degree-days (base 65 degrees Fahrenheit). An individual building was assigned to a climate zone according to the 45-
year average annual degree-days for its NOAA Divisions. (See Heating Degree-Days (HDD), Cooling Degree-Days (CDD), and NOAA Division.)
The zones are defined as follows:
EEUD Average Annual Average Annual
AIA Climate Cooling Heating Group Zone Degree-Days Degree-Days
1 1 Less than 2,000 More than 7,000 2 2 Less than 2,000 5,500 to 7,000 3 3 Less than 2,000 4,000 to 5,499 4 4 Less than 2,000 2,000 to 3,999 5 4 Less than 2,000 Less than 2,000
6 5 2,000 or more Less than 2,000 7 5 2,000 or more 2,000 to 3,999
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314*
closed refrigeration unit: Refers to commercial refrigeration/freezer units with doors that close. (See Refrigeration/ Freezer Equipment.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
clothes dryer: An appliance that dries laundry through the application of heat and rapid air movement. The hot air used is typically heated by electricity or gas, either natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
clothes washer: An appliance for automatically cleaning home laundry. It has an opening on its top or its front offering access to the washer tub. An agitator, located within the tub, moves the articles to be cleaned through the wash water. The machine is powered by an electric motor connected to the tub and agitator via a transmission, clutches, and linkages. In front-
loading machines, the articles are moved by a rotating tub rather than an agitator.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
co control period ("seasons"): The portion of the year in which a CO nonattainment area is prone to high ambient levels of carbon monoxide. This portion of the year is to be specified by the Environmental Protection Agency but is to be not less than 4 months in length.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
co nonattainment area: Areas with carbon monoxide design values of 9.5 parts per million or more, generally based on data for 1988 and 1989.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
coal (1): A black or brownish-black solid combustible substance formed by the partial decomposition of vegetable matter without access to air. The rank of coal, which includes anthracite, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal, and lignite, is based on fixed carbon, volatile matter, and heating value. Coal rank indicates the progressive alteration, or coalification, from lignite to anthracite. Lignite contains approximately 9 to 17 million Btu per ton. The heat contents of subbituminous and bituminous coal range from 16 to 24 million Btu per ton, and from 19 to 30 million Btu per ton, respectively. Anthracite contains approximately 22 to 28 million Btu per ton.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-767, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
coal (2): Anthracite, Bituminous, Coke, and other forms of coal that are burned.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
coal +: A generic term applied to carbonaceous rocks that were formed by the partial or complete decomposition of vegetation. These stratified carbonaceous rocks are either solid or brittle and are highly combustible. Includes lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite, which conform to ASTM Specification D388.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*
coal analysis: Determines the composition and properties of coal so it can be ranked and used most effectively.
Proximate analysis determines, on an as-
received basis, the moisture content, volatile matter (gases released when coal is heated), fixed carbon (solid fuel left after the volatile matter is driven off), and ash (impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina, and other incombustible matter). The moisture content affects the ease with which coal can be handled and burned. The amount of volatile matter and fixed carbon provides guidelines for determining the intensity of the heat produced. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the cost of handling, and can cause problems such as clinkering and slagging in boilers and furnaces.
Ultimate analysis determines the amount of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Heating value is determined in terms of Btu, both on an as-received basis (including moisture) and on a dry basis.
Agglomerating refers to coal that softens when heated and forms a hard gray coke; this coal is called caking coal. Not all caking coals are coking coals. The agglomerating value is used to differentiate between coal ranks and also is a guide to determine how a particular coal reacts in a furnace.
Agglutinating refers to the binding qualities of a coal. The agglutinating value is an indication of how well a coke made from a particular coal will perform in a blast furnace. It is also called a caking index.
Other tests include the determination of the ash-softening temperature, the ash-fusion temperature (the temperature at which the ash forms clinkers or slag), the free-swelling index (a guide to a coal's coking characteristics), the Gray-King test (which determines the suitability of coal for making coke), and the Hardgrove grindability index (a measure of the ease with which coal can be pulverized). In a petrographic analysis, thin sections of coal or highly polished blocks of coal are studied with a microscope to determine the physical composition, both for scientific purposes and for estimating the rank and coking potential.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal bed degasification: This refers to the removal of methane or coal bed gas from a coal mine before or during mining.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal bed methane: Methane is generated during coal formation and is contained in the coal microstructure. Typical recovery entails pumping water out of the coal to allow the gas to escape. Methane is the principal component of natural gas. Coal bed methane can be added to natural gas pipelines without any special treatment.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064, DOE/EIA-0384*
coal bed: A bed or stratum of coal. Also called a coal seam.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*
coal briquets: Anthracite, bituminous, and lignite briquets comprise the secondary solid fuels manufactured from coal by a process in which the coal is partly dried, warmed to expel excess moisture, and then compressed into briquets, usually without the use of a binding substance. In the reduction of briquets to coal equivalent, different conversion factors are applied according to their origin from hard coal, peat, brown coal, or lignite.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
coal carbonized: The amount of coal decomposed into solid coke and gaseous products by heating in a coke oven in a limited air supply or in the absence of air.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
coal chemicals: Coal-chemicals are obtained from the gases and vapor recovered from the manufacturing of coke. Generally, crude tar, ammonia, crude light oil, and gas are the basic products recovered. They are refined or processed to yield a variety of chemical materials.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal coke: A hard, porous product made from baking bituminous coal in ovens at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees F. It is used both as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. (See Coke (Coal).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*
coal consumption: The quantity of coal burned for the generation of electric power (in short tons), including fuel used for maintenance of standby service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-20
coal delivered: Coal which has been delivered from the coal supplier to any site belonging to the electric power company.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-20
coal face: This is the exposed area from which coal is extracted.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal fines: Coal with a maximum particle size usually less than one-sixteenth inch and rarely above one-
eighth inch.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal gas: Substitute natural gas produced synthetically by the chemical reduction of coal at a coal gasification facility.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
coal gasification: The process of converting coal into gas. The basic process involves crushing coal to a powder, which is then heated in the presence of steam and oxygen to produce a gas. The gas is then refined to reduce sulfur and other impurities. The gas can be used as a fuel or processed further and concentrated into chemical or liquid fuel.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
coal grade: This classification refers to coal quality and use.
Briquettes are made from compressed coal dust, with or without a binding agent such as asphalt.
Cleaned coal or prepared coal has been processed to reduce the amount of impurities present and improve the burning characteristics.
Compliance coal is a coal, or a blend of coal, that meets sulfur dioxide emission standards for air quality without the need for flue-gas desulfurization.
Culm and silt are waste materials from preparation plants. In the anthracite region, culm consists of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal. Silt is a mixture of very fine coal particles (approximately 40 percent) and rock dust that has settled out from waste water from the plants. The terms culm and silt are sometimes used interchangeably and are sometimes called refuse. Culm and silt have a heat value ranging from 8 to 17 million Btu per ton.
Low-sulfur coal generally contains 1 percent or less sulfur by weight. For air quality standards, "low sulfur coal" contains 0.6 pounds or less sulfur per million Btu, which is equivalent to 1.2 pounds of sulfur dioxide per million Btu.
Metallurgical coal (or coking coal) meets the requirements for making coke. It must have a low ash and sulfur content and form a coke that is capable of supporting the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast furnace. A blend of two or more bituminous coals is usually required to make coke.
Pulverized coal is a coal that has been crushed to a fine dust in a grinding mill. It is blown into the combustion zone of a furnace and burns very rapidly and efficiently.
Slack coal usually refers to bituminous coal one-half inch or smaller in size.
Steam coal refers to coal used in boilers to generate steam to produce electricity or for other purposes. Stoker coal refers to coal that has been crushed to specific sizes (but not powdered) for burning on a grate in automatic firing equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal liquefaction: A chemical process that converts coal into clean-burning liquid hydrocarbons, such as synthetic crude oil and methanol.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
coal preparation (cleaning/beneficiation) processes: Dense (heavy) medium processes use a thick solution, usually a mixture of magnetite and water, to separate coal from impurities by gravity separation.
Flotation processes treat fine-sized coal with an oil-based reagent that attracts air bubbles in a liquid medium; the coal floats to the surface as a froth, leaving the refuse below.
Hydraulic processes use currents of water to separate coal from impurities.
Pneumatic processes use currents of air to separate coal from impurities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal preparation: The process of sizing and cleaning coal to meet market specifications by removing impurities such as rock, sulfur, etc. It may include crushing, screening or mechanical cleaning.
OPI: EI-50,EI-70
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0292
coal producing districts: A classification of coal fields defined in the Bituminous Coal Act of 1937. The districts were originally established to aid in formulating minimum prices of bituminous and subbituminous coal and lignite. Because much statistical information was compiled in terms of these districts, their use for statistical purposes has continued since the abandonment of that legislation in 1943. District 24 was added for the anthracite-producing district in Pennslyvania.
OPI: EI-50,EI-70
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0292
coal producing regions: A geographic classification of coal-producing States. The States in the Appalachian Region are Alabama, Georgia, Eastern Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The Interior Region States are Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Western Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas. Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming are States in the Western Region.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0125*
coal producing states: The States where mined and/or purchased coal originates, defined as follows:
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky (Eastern), Kentucky (Western), Louisiana, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania (anthracite), Pennsylvania (bituminous), Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia (Northern), West Virginia (Southern), and Wyoming.
The following coal-producing States are split in origin of coal, as defined below:
Kentucky, Eastern: All mines located in counties other than the Western Kentucky counties as defined below:
Kentucky, Western: All mines in the following counties in Western Kentucky: Butler, Caldwell, Christian, Crittenden, Daviess, Edmondson, Grayson, Hancock, Henderson, Hopkins, Logan, McLean, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Simpson, Todd, Union, Warren, and Webster.
Pennsylvania (Anthracite): All mines in the following counties: Carbon, Columbia, Dauphin, Lackawanna, Lebanon, Luzerne, Northumberland, Schuylkill, Sullivan, and Susquehanna. All anthracite mines in Bradford County.
Pennsylvania (Bituminous): All mines located in counties other than the Pennsylvania anthracite counties as defined above but including all bituminous mines in Bradford County
West Virginia, Northern: All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal-
Producing Districts 1, 3, & 6): Barbour, Brooke, Braxton, Calhoun, Doddridge, Gilmer, Grant, Hancock, Harrison, Jackson, Lewis, Marion, Marshall, Mineral, Monongalia, Ohio, Pleasants, Preston, Randolph, Ritchie, Roane, Taylor, Upshur, Webster, Wetzel, Wirt, and Wood.
West Virginia, Southern: All mines in the following counties (formerly defined as Coal-
Producing Districts 7 & 8 ): Boone, Cabell, Clay, Fayette, Greenbrier, Kanawha, Lincoln, Logan, Mason, McDowell, Mercer, Mingo, Monroe, Nicholas, Pocahontas, Putnam, Raleigh, Summers, Wayne, and Wyoming.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0125
coal rank +: A classification of coal based on fixed carbon, volatile matter, heating value, and agglomerating character. It is an indication of the progressive alteration, or coalification, from lignite to anthracite. The rank of coal can also be determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of the several organic components (macerals) of coal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
coal rank/group: A classification of coal based on fixed carbon, volatile matter, calorific (heating) value, and agglomerating character. Coal is ranked progressively from lignite (least carbonaceous) to anthracite (most carbonaceous). The rank of coal can also be determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of several organic components of coal. The lower rank coal can be classified based on heat content. The heat content of the higher rank coals is generally above 14,000 Btu per pound for each coal rank group (except for meta- anthracite, which trends slightly lower), and heat content ranges vary within a relatively narrow range. Because heat content is not a dependable criterion for these higher rank coals, their rank categories are instead described by degree of metamorphism, or "coalification"--a property that is measured by fixed carbon content. Finally, the agglomerating character of bituminous coals is a critical attribute for certain coal consumers, and thus agglomerating character has come to define the distinctions between certain adjacent coal groups. Some high-
volatile C bituminous and subbituminous A coals can be distinguished only on the basis of agglomerating character. Percentages are based on dry mineral-matter-free coal. Volatile matter (not shown) is the complement of fixed carbon; that is, the percentages of fixed carbon and volatile matter sum to 100 percent. As fixed carbon percentage decreases, therefore, volatile matter percentage increases by the same amount.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
coal rank: This classification is based on the fixed carbon, volatile matter, and heating value. It is an indication of the progressive alteration, or coalification, from lignite to anthracite. Rank can also be determined by measuring the reflectance of vitrinite, one of the several organic components (macerals) of coal.
Lignite, the lowest rank of coal, is brownish-
black and has a high moisture content, sometimes as high 45percent. It tends to disintegrate when exposed to the weather. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per ton as received and averages about 14 million Btu per ton. The ignition temperature is approximately 600 degrees Fahrenheit. Lignite is mined in California, Louisiana, Montana, North Dakota, and Texas and is used mainly to generate electricity in power plants that are relatively close to the mines. The term "lignite" is used interchangeably with "brown coal" in other countries. Subbituminous coal, or black lignite, is dull and usually contains 20 to 30 percent moisture. The heat content of subbituminous coal ranges from 16 to 24 million Btu per ton as received and averages about 18 million Btu per ton.
Subbituminous coal, mined in the western coal fields, is used mostly for generating electricity. Bituminous coal, or soft coal, is the most common coal. It is dense and black, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material. Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent. The heating value ranges from 19 to 30 million Btu per ton as received and averages about 24 million Btu per ton. The ignition temperature ranges from about 700 to almost 900 degrees Fahrenheit.
Bituminous coal is mined chiefly in the Appalachian and Interior coal fields. It is used for generating electricity, making coke, and space heating.
Anthractite, or hard coal, is the highest rank of economically useable coal. It is jet black with a high luster. The moisture content generally is less than 15 percent. Anthracite contains approximately 22 to28 million Btu per ton. Its ignition temperature is approximately 925 to 970 degrees Fahrenheit. Virtually all of the anthracite mined is from northern Pennsylvania. It is used mostly for space heating and generating electricity.
Meta-anthracite, the highest rank of coal, is a low-quality fuel. It is dull gray or black and has a high ash content. It was intermittently mined in the Narragansett Basin of Rhode Island and Massachusetts. The last mine, at Cranston
Rhode Island, closed in 1959. Coal from the area averaged about 19 million Btu per ton as received.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal regions: The following regional definitions are used to report domestic coal reserves, production, and other operating statistics.
- Eastern Region. Consists of the Northern Appalachian Coal Basin. The following States comprise the Eastern Region: Alabama, Georgia, Ohio, Maryland, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, West Virginia,and Eastern Kentucky.
- Midwest Region. Consists of the Illinois and Michigan Coal Basins. The following States comprise the Midwest Region: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Western Kentucky.
- Western Region. Consists of the Northern Rocky, Southern Rocky, Western Interior, and West Coast Coal Basins. The following States comprise the Central Western Region: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206
coal stock: Coal that is stored at all of a company's sites for future use (in short tons).
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-20, DOE/EIA-0314*
coal stocks: The supply of coal or coke at a mine, plant, or utility at the end of the reporting period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
coal sulfur: Coal sulfur occurs in three forms, organic, sulfate, and pyritic. Organic sulfur is an integral part of the coal matrix and cannot be removed by conventional physical separation. Sulfate sulfur is usually negligible. Pyritic sulfur occurs as the minerals pyrite and marcasite; larger sizes generally can be removed by cleaning the coal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coal type: The classification is based on physical characteristics or microscopic constituents. Examples of coal types are banded coal, bright coal, cannel coal, and splint coal. The term is also used to classify coal according to heat and sulfur content (See Coal Grade.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
code of federal fegulations: A compilation of the general and permanent rules of the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government as published in the Federal Register. The code is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. Title 18 contains the FERC regulations.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
cofiring: The process of burning natural gas in conjunction with another fuel to reduce air pollutants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
cogeneration: The production of electrical energy and another form of useful energy (such as heat or steam) through the sequential use of energy.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0552
cogenerator: A generating facility that produces electricity and another form of useful thermal energy (such as heat or steam), used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes. To receive status as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), the facility must produce electric energy and "another form of useful thermal energy through the sequential use of energy" and meet certain ownership, operating, and efficiency criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). (See the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 292.)
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-861, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
coincidental demand: The sum of two or more demands that occur in the same time interval.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
coincidental peak load: The sum of two or more peak loads that occur in the same time interval.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
coke (coal): In general, coke is made from bituminous coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbon and ash are fused together. Coke is hard and porous; has a gray, submetallic luster; and is strong enough to support a load of iron ore in a blast furnace. It is used both as a fuel and a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke has a heating value of 24.8 million Btu per short ton. (See Coal Coke.)
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0219*
coke (petroleum): A residue, high in carbon content and low in hydrogen, that is the final product of thermal decomposition in the condensation process in cracking. This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion factor is 5 barrels (of 42 U.S. gallons each) per short ton.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
coke breeze: The term refers to the fine sizes of coke, usually less than one-half inch, that are recovered from coke plants. It is commonly used for sintering iron ore.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coke button: A button-shaped piece of coke resulting from standard laboratory tests that indicates the coking or free-swelling characteristics of a coal; expressed in numbers and compared with a standard.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
coke oven gas: The mixture of permanent gases produced by the carbonization of coal in a coke oven at temperatures in excess of 1,000 degrees Celsius.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
coke plants (consumer category): All plants where coal is carbonized for the manufacture of coke in slot or beehive ovens.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-6, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376*
coke: Coke is made from bituminous coal (or blends of bituminous coal) from which the volatile constituents are driven off by baking in an oven at temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit so that the fixed carbon and ash are fused together. The process is called carbonization. Coke is hard and porous; has a gray, submetallic luster; and is strong enough to support a load of iron ore in a blast furnace. It is used chiefly as a fuel and reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Coke has a heat value of about 25 million Btu per ton.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064, DOE/EIA-0095*
coking coal: Coal that meets the requirements for making coal coke. It must be low in ash and sulfur and form a coke that is capable of supporting the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast furnace. Coking coal is usually a blend of two or more bituminous coals.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376
coking: Thermal refining processes used to produce fuel gas, gasoline blendstocks, distillates, and petroleum coke from the heavier products of atomspheric and vacuum distillation. Includes:
Delayed Coking. A process by which heavier crude oil fractions can be thermally decomposed under conditions of elevated temperatures and pressure to produce a mixture of lighter oils and petroleum coke. The light oils can be processed further in other refinery units to meet product specifications. The coke can be used either as a fuel or in other applications such as the manufacturing of steel oraluminum.
Flexicoking. A thermal cracking process which converts heavy hydrocarbons such as crude oil, tar sands bitumen, and distillation residues into light hydrocarbons. Feedstocks can be any pumpable hydrocarbons including those containing high concentrations of sulfur and metals.
Fluid Coking. A thermal cracking process utilizing the fluidized-solids technique to remove carbon (coke) for continuous conversion of heavy, low-grade oils into lighter products.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
cold-deck imputation: A statistical procedure that replaces a missing value of an item with a constant value from an external source such as a value from a previous survey. (See Imputation.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
combined cycle unit: An electric generating unit that consists of one or more combustion turbines and one or more boilers with a portion of the required energy input to the boiler(s) provided by the exhaust gas of the combustion turbine(s).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
combined cycle: An electric generating technology in which electricity is produced from otherwise lost waste heat exiting from one or more gas (combustion) turbines. The exiting heat is routed to a conventional boiler or to a heat recovery steam generator for utilization by a steam turbine in the production of electricity. This process increases the efficiency of the electric generating unit.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-759, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
combined household energy expenditures: The total amount of funds spent for energy consumed in, or delivered to, a housing unit during a given period of time and for fuel used to operate the motor vehicles that are owned or used on a regular basis by the household. The total dollar amount for energy consumed in a housing unit includes state and local taxes but excludes merchandise repairs or special service charges. Electricity, and natural gas expenditures are for the amount of those energy sources consumed. Fuel oil, kerosene, and LPG expenditures are for the amount of fuel purchased, which may differ from the amount of fuel consumed. The total dollar amount of fuel spent for vehicles is the product of fuel consumption and price. (See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures, Average Household Energy Expenditures and Price.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
combined hydroelectric plant: A hydroelectric plant that uses both pumped water and natural streamflow for the production of power.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095
combined pumped-storage plant: A pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant that uses both pumped water and natural streamflow to produce electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
combo heater gas-fired water heater with exchanger for space heating: The water heater is used to heat the home by running the heated water through a water-air coil as a fan forces the heated air through ducts.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
commercial (electricity): The commercial sector is generally defined as nonmanufacturing business establishments, including hotels; motels; restaurants; wholesale businesses; retail stores; and health, social, and educational institutions. The utility may classify commercial service as all consumers whose demand or annual usage exceeds some specified limit. The limit may be set by the utility based on the rate schedules of the utility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2
commercial +: Neither residential, manufacturing, nor agricultural.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
commercial and industrial: Classes of service supplied to a similar grouping of customers. These customer groupings are usually subdivided into smaller segments by classifying such customers as commercial or industrial using the Federal Government's Office of Management and Budget's Standard Industrial Classification Guide and/or a scale of energy usage as yardsticks; other customers are reclassified as commercial or industrial when their demands or annual use exceeds some specified limit. These limits are generally based on a utility's rate schedules, except for those customers who are supplied under special contracts or agreements calling for particular services.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
commercial building: A building with more than 50 percent of its floor space used for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to, stores, offices, schools, churches, gymnasiums, libraries, museums, hospitals, clinics, warehouses, and jails. Government buildings are included except for buildings on military bases or reservations.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0384
commercial consumers: Nonmanufacturing establishments or agencies primarily engaged in the sale of goods or services. Included are establishments such as hotels, restaurants, wholesale and retail stores, and other service enterprises; establishments engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; and local, State, and Federal agencies engaged in nonmanufacturing activities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
commercial consumption: Natural gas used by nonmanufacturing establishments or agencies primarily engaged in the sale of goods or services. Included are such establishments as hotels, restaurants, wholesale and retail stores, and other service enterprises; gas used by establishments engaged in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries: and gas used by local, State, and Federal agencies engaged in nonmanufacturing activities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538*
commercial food preparation and serving: This includes kitchens in restaurants, the cooking area of a diner, and areas where food is kept warm until served. The term "commercial" also includes what some may classify as "institutional"; that is, food preparation and serving areas in schools, hospitals, prisons, shelters, churches, and nursing homes. This category includes cafeterias where food is brought in and kept warm with steam tables or other warming devices until it is served. It does not include employee or student "lounge" areas with microwave or other food preparation equipment and/or vending machines.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
commercial kerosene-type jet fuel: (See Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816
commercial operation: The phase of reactor operation that begins when power ascension ends and the operating utility formally declares the nuclear power plant to be available for the regular production of electricity. This declaration is usually related to the satisfactory completion of qualification tests on critical components of the unit.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
commercial refrigeration unit: (See Refrigeration Unit.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
commercial sector (1): The commercial sector, as defined economically, consists of business establishments that are not engaged in transportation or in manufacturing or other types of industrial activity (agriculture, mining, or construction). Commercial establishments include hotels, motels, restaurants, wholesale businesses, retail stores, laundries, and other service enterprises; religious and nonprofit organizations; health, social, and educational institutions; and Federal, State, and local governments. Street lights, pumps, bridges, and public services are also included if the establishment operating them is considered commercial. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes used to classify an establishment as commercial are 50 through 87, 89, and 91 through 97.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384
commercial sector (2): The commercial sector is generally defined as nonmanufacturing business establishments, including hotels; motels; restaurants; wholesale businesses; retail stores; and health, social, and educational institutions. Electric utilities may classify commercial service as service that includes all consumers whose demand or annual use exceeds some specified limit. The limit may be set by the utility based on the rate schedule of the utility. Consumers (i.e., farms and irrigation) that the utility has no system for separating into residential, commercial, and industrial classifications, should be classified based on the schedule they most closely resemble. If there is no rate schedule distinction, utilities may define commercial consumers as those having a demand of less than 1000 kilowatts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0540
commercial use: Includes sales for use in nonmanufacturing establishments such as motels, apartment buildings, restaurants, retail stores, institutions, government buildings, schools, and laundries for space heating, water heating, and cooking. Volumes used by companies in the marketing and distribution of petroleum products are also included.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
commercial/institutional: Firms engaged in transportation, wholesale or retail trade, finance, insurance, and real estate. Also included are apartment buildings/complexes and other multi-family dwellings, hotels, and office buildings or complexes; local, State, or Federal facilities or organizations including the military; and schools, hospitals, religious institutions, universities, and all other government-supported organizations.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
commercial: Photovoltaic modules or cells employed to produce power for commercial establishments, such as office buildings, private hospitals, private schools, retail establishments, etc. (Publicly owned schools, hospitals, and other institutions should be listed under government.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
commingling: The mixing of one utility's generated supply of electric energy with another utility's generated supply within a transmission system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
commission authorization (comm. auth.): The authorization of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, or any other Commission.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: FERC-1, FERC-2
commission: An agency of government usually composed of three or more members charged with specific duties, functions, and responsibilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
commissioned agent: An agent who wholesales or retails a refined petroleum product under a commission arrangement. The agent does not take title to the product or establish the selling price, but receives a percentage of fixed fee for serving as an agent.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-821, EIA-863
common equity (book value): The retained earnings and common stock earnings plus the balances in common equity reserves and all other common stock accounts. This also includes the capital surplus, the paid-in surplus, the premium on common stocks, except those balances specifically related to preferred or preference stocks; less any common stocks held in the treasury.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
commonwealth of independent states of the former soviet union: Consists of Newly Independent States, except for Georgia.
OPI: EI-20
Sources:
communication: Photovoltaic modules/cells employed to power fixed-base telecommunications equipment, such as mountain top repeater stations.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
commuter rail: Railroad local and regional passenger train operations between a central city, its suburbs, and/or another central city. It may be either locomotive-hauled and self-propelled, and is characterized by multi-trip tickets, specific station-to-station fares, railroad employment practices, and usually only one or two stations in the central business district. Also known as "suburban rail."
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
compact fluorescent bulbs: These are also known as "screw-in fluorescent replacements for incandescent" or "screw-ins." Compact fluorescent bulbs combine the efficiency of fluorescent lighting with the convenience of a standard incandescent bulb. There are many styles of compact fluorescent, including exit light fixtures and floodlights (lamps containing reflectors). Many screw into a standard light socket, and most produce a similar color of light as a standard incandescent bulb. Compact fluorescent bulbs come with ballasts that are electronic (lightweight, instant, no-
flicker starting, and 10 to 15% more efficient) or magnetic (much heavier and slower starting.) Other types of compact fluorescent bulbs include adaptive circulation and PL and SL lamps and ballasts. Compact fluorescent bulbs are designed for residential uses; they are also used in table lamps, wall sconces, and hall and ceiling fixtures of hotels, motels, hospitals, and other types of commercial buildings with residential-type applications.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
company automotive (retail) outlet: Any retail outlet selling motor fuel under a reporting company brand name. (See definition for Branded Product.)
- Company operated. A company retail outlet which is operated by salaried or commissioned personnel paid by the reporting company.
- Lessee. An independent marketer who leases the station and land and has use of tanks, signs, etc. A lessee dealer typically has a supply agreement with a refiner or a distributor and purchases products at dealer tank wagon prices. The term "lessee dealer" is limited to those dealers who are supplied directly by a refiner or any affiliate or subsidiary company of a refiner. "Direct supply" includes use of commission agent common carrier delivery.
- Open. An independent marketer who owns or leases (from a third party who is not a refiner) the station or land of a retail outlet and has use of tanks, pumps, signs, etc. An open dealer typically has a supply agreement with a refiner or a distributor and purchases products at or below dealer tank wagon prices.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
company operated: A company retail outlet that is operated by salaried or commissioned personnel paid by the reporting company. (See Company Automotive (Retail) Outlet.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
company outlet: Any retail outlet (e.g., service station) selling gasoline or diesel fuel that has the ability to set the retail product price and directly collect all or part of the retail margin. This category includes retail outlets: (1) being operated by salaried employees of the company and/or its subsidiaries and affiliates, and/or (2) involving personnel services contracted by the company.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
company-operated retail outlet: Any outlet (e.g., service station) selling gasoline or diesel fuel that has ability to set the retail product price and directly collect all or part of the retail margin. This category includes retail outlets:
(1) being operated by salaried employees of the company and/or its subsidiaries and affiliates, and/or
(2) involving personnel services contracted by the firm.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B
company: Any individual, company, association, partnership, business trust, corporation, municipality, or unincorporated organization engaged in the production, gathering, treating, processing, transportation, storage, and/or distribution of natural gas or in the production of synthetic natural gas. Except as indicated otherwise by the context, company, company-
operated, and company-owned refer to the responding entity.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
completion date: The date on which the installation of permanent equipment has been completed (for the production of oil or gas) as reported to the appropriate regulatory agency. The date of completion of a dry hole is the date of abandonment as reported to the appropriate agency. The date of completion of a service well is the date on which the well is equipped to perform the service for which it was intended.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
completion: The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of oil or gas. If a well is equipped to produce only oil or gas from one zone or reservoir, the definition of a "well" (classified as an oil well or gas well) and the definition of a "completion" are identical. However, if a well is equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately from more than one reservoir, a "well" is not synonymous with a "completion." (See Well.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0384*
compressed natural gas (CNG): Natural gas which is comprised primarily of methane, compressed to a pressure at or above 2,400 pounds per square inch and stored in special high-pressure containers. It is used as a fuel for natural gas powered vehicles.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
compressor station: Any combination of facilities that supplies the energy to move gas in transmission or distribution lines or into storage by increasing the pressure.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0131*
compressor: A pump or other type of machine using a turbine to compress a gas by reducing the volume.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0314*
computer area with separate air-conditioning system: Space specifically designed and equipped to meet the needs of computer equipment for controlled temperatures and/or humidity. The air-
conditioning system for this area is separate from that used to control the environment in other parts of the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
computer room(s) with separate air-conditioning systems: A space specially designed and equipped to meet the needs of computer equipment for controlled temperatures and/or humidity. (Sometimes this equipment is referred to as a "mainframe" or "mini" computer equipment.) The room must have a separate air-conditioning system from that used to control the environment in other parts of the building. The space would be separated by walls and doors. Sometimes such rooms have raised floors with ventilation equipment located under the floor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
computer terminal: An electronic system which consists of a computer screen or terminal and a data entry device such as a keyboard. Terminals used in offices usually look like PCs without the box or central processing unit (CPU) case. The "CPU" for the terminal is the mainframe computer located in a central place.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
computerized energy management and control system: (See Energy Management and Control System (EMCS).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
concentrator: A reflective or refractive device that focuses incident insolation onto an area smaller than the reflective or refractive surface, resulting in increased insolation at the point of focus.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0174
concession: The operating right to explore for and develop petroleum fields in consideration for a share of production in kind (equity oil).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
concessionary purchases: The quantity of crude oil exported during a reporting period, which was acquired from the producing government under terms that arise from the firm's participation in a concession. It includes preferential crude where the reporting firm's access to such crude is derived from a former concessionary relationship.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
concrete panel: A wall construction panel made of concrete, which is either prefabricated in a factory or poured at the site and then hoisted onto the structure.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
concrete roof: This is a poured roof often intended to bear the load of a parking garage that otherwise occupies the roof area of a building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
condensate (lease condensate): A natural gas liquid recovered from associated and nonassociated gas wells from lease separators or field facilities, reported in barrels of 42 U.S. gallons at atmospheric pressure and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
condenser cooling water: A source of water external to a boiler's feed system is passed through the steam leaving the turbine in order to cool and condense the steam. This reduces the steam's exit pressure and recaptures its heat, which is then used to preheat fluid entering the boiler, thereby increasing the plant's thermodynamic efficiency.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
conditional energy intensity: Total consumption of a particular energy source(s) or fuel(s) divided by the total floorspace of buildings that use the energy source(s) or fuel(s), i.e., the ratio of consumption to energy source-specific floorspace. (See Energy Source-Specific Floor Space.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
conditionally effective rates: An electric rate schedule that has been put into effect by the FERC subject to refund pending final disposition or refiling.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
condo fee: Paid to the homeowners association for maintenance, management, insurance, and utilities in some cases.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
condominium: A type of ownership that enables a person to own an apartment or house in a project of similar units. The owner has his/her own deed and most likely, his/her own mortgage on the unit. The owner also holds a common or joint ownership in all common areas, such as hallways, entrances, and elevators. Ownership may cover one-family houses, row houses, and townhouses as well as apartments.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
conductor: Metal wires, cables, and bus-bar used for carrying electric current. Conductors may be solid or stranded, that is, built up by a assembly of smaller solid conductors.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
confidence interval: A range that is estimated to include the population value at a given confidence level. The range is calculated from the sample date. The confidence level is the expected fraction of such confidence intervals that actually do include the corresponding, unknown population value.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
connected load: The sum of the continuous ratings or the capacities for a system, part of a system, or a customer's electric power consuming apparatus.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
connection: The physical connection (e.g., transmission lines, transformers, switch gear, etc.) between two electric systems permitting the transfer of electric energy in one or both directions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
conservation and other DSM: This Demand-Side Management category represents the amount of consumer load reduction at the time of system peak due to utility programs that reduce consumer load during many hours of the year. Examples include utility rebate and shared savings activities for the installation of energy efficient appliances, lighting and electrical machinery, and weatherization materials. In addition, this category includes all other Demand- Side Management activities, such as thermal storage, time-of-use rates, fuel substitution, measurement and evaluation, and any other utility-administered Demand-Side Management activity designed to reduce demand and/or electricity use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
conservation feature: A feature in the building designed to reduce the usage of energy. (See Building Shell Conservation Feature, HVAC Conservation Feature, and Lighting Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
conservation program: A program in which a utility company furnishes home weatherization services free or at reduced cost or provides free or low-cost devices for saving energy, such as energy-efficient light bulbs, flow restrictors, weather stripping, and water heater insulation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
consolidated entity: (See Firm.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
construction costs (of the electric power industry): All direct and indirect costs incurred in acquiring and constructing electric utility plant and equipment and proportionate shares of common utility plants. Included are the cost of land and improvements, nuclear fuel and spare parts, allowance for funds used during construction, and general overheads capitalized, less the cost of acquiring plant and equipment previously operated in utility service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455
construction expenditures (of the electric power industry): The gross expenditures for construction costs (including the cost of replacing worn-out plants), and electric construction costs, and land held for future use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455
construction pipeline: The various stages involved in the acquisition of a nuclear reactor by a utility. The events that define these stages are the ordering of a reactor, the licensing process, and the physical construction of the nuclear generating unit. A reactor is said to be "in the pipeline" when the reactor is ordered and "out of the pipeline" when it completes low-power testing and begins operation toward full power. (See Operable.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
construction work in progress (CWIP): The balance shown on a utility's balance sheet for construction work not yet completed but in process. This balance line item may or may not be included in the rate base.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
constructive surplus or deficit: The amounts representing the exchange of services, supplies, etc., between the utility department and the municipality and its other departments without charge or at a reduced charge. Charges to this account include utility and other services, supplies, etc., furnished by the utility department to the municipality or its other departments without charge, or the amount of the reduction if furnished at a reduced charge. Credits to the account consist of services, supplies, office space, etc., furnished by the municipality to the utility department without charge on the amount of the reduction if furnished at a reduced charge.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
consumer categories: See Electric Generation; Coke Plants; Manufacturing (except Coke Plants); Agriculture, Mining, and Construction; and Residential/Commercial.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
consumer charge: An amount charged periodically to a consumer for such utility costs as billing and meter reading, without regard to demand or energy consumption.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0540
consumer goods: Goods such as calculators, computers, toys, and watches that are powered by photovoltaic cells and/or modules.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B, DOE/EIA-0174
consumer: Any individually metered dwelling, building, establishment, or location using natural gas, synthetic natural gas, and/or mixtures of natural and supplemental gas for feedstock or as fuel for any purpose other than in oil or gas lease operations; natural gas treating or processing plants; or pipeline, distribution, or storage compressors.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
consumption - (fuel): The amount of fuel used for gross generation, providing standby service, start-up, and/or flame stabilization.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-759, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
consumption per square foot: The aggregate ratio of total consumption for a particular set of buildings to the total floorspace of those buildings. (See Consumption, Energy Intensity, and Floorspace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power, or as an input to the manufacturing process.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
continuous delivery energy sources: Those energy sources provided continuously to a building. (See Energy Source and Discrete-
Delivery Energy Sources.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
continuous mining: A form of room-and-pillar mining in which a continuous mining machine extracts and removes coal from the working face in one operation; no blasting is required.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
contract area: The area encompassed by one or more fields under a single gas purchase contract but not larger than the area covered by a single supply source
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
contract cost: The delivery cost determined when a contract is signed. It may be a fixed cost or a base cost escalated according to a formula.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0314*
contract price: The delivery price determined when a contract is signed. It can be a fixed price or a base price escalated according to a given formula.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0478, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
contract receipts: Purchases based on a negotiated agreement that generally covers a period of 1 or more years.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
contract: (See Term Agreement.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
contracted gas: Any gas for which Interstate Pipeline has a contract to purchase from any domestic or foreign source that cannot be identified to a specific field or group. This includes tailgate plant purchases, single meter point purchases, pipeline purchases, natural gas imports, SNG purchases, and LNG purchases.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
contribution to net income: The FRS segment equivalent to net income. However, some consolidated items of revenue and expense are not allocated to the segments, and therefore they are not equivalent in a strict sense. The largest item not allocated to the segments is interest expense since this is regarded as a corporate-level item for FRS purposes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
control total: The number of elements in the population or a subset of the population. The sample weights for the observed elements in a survey are adjusted so that they add up to the control total. The value of a control total is obtained from an outside source. The control totals are given by the number of households in one of the 12 cells by categorizing households by the four Census regions and by three categories of metropolitan status (Metropolitan Statistical Area--central city, Metropolitan Statistical Area--outside central city, and non-Metropolitan Statistical Area). The control totals are obtained from the Current Population Survey.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
control: Including the terms "controlling," "controlled by," and "under common control with," means the possession, direct or indirect, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting shares, by contract, or otherwise.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0216*
conventional hydroelectric plant: A plant in which all of the power is produced from natural streamflow as regulated by available storage.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
conventional mining: The oldest form of room-and-pillar mining, which consists of a series of operations that involve cutting the coal bed, so it breaks easily when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then loading the broken coal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
conventional thermal electricity generation: Electricity generated by an electric power plant using coal, petroleum, or gas as its source of energy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
conventionally fueled vehicle: A vehicle that runs on petroleum-based fuels such as motor gasoline or diesel fuel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
conversion company: An organization that performs vehicle conversions on a commerical basis.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
conversion factor (1): (See Btu and Metric Conversion Factors.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
conversion factor (2): A number that translates units of one system into corresponding values of another system. Conversion factors are used to translate physical units of measure for various energy sources into their Btu equivalents.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0464*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
convert to alternative-fuel vehicles: A vehicle is converted to an alternative-fuel vehicle when an existing fleet vehicle that operates solely on gasoline or diesel is modified into either a dedicated or dual-fuel alternative vehicle.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
converted vehicle (1): A vehicle that was originally manufactured as a gasoline-powered vehicle and was later converted to an alternative-fuel vehicle. Vehicles that were converted to alternative-fuel vehicles through a contract betweeen a conversion company and an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) are not considered to be converted vehicles as long as those vehicles are still covered under the OEM's warranties.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
converted vehicle (2): A new or used vehicle modified to operate on a different fuel (or fuels).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
cooking stove: A stove built for preparing food. (See Heating Equipment and Appliances.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0321/1*
cooking: The use of energy for commercial or institutional food preparation. CBECS asks specifically about "commercial or institutional cooking," which is intended to include any kitchen facility that was not part of a residence. This is one of six energy end uses specifically asked for in CBECS. (See Energy End Use.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
cooling degree-days (CDD): A measure of how hot a location was over a period of time relative to a base temperature. The cooling degree-days for a single day is the difference between that day's average temperature and the base temperature if the daily average is greater than the base and zero if the daily average temperature is less than or equal to the base temperature. The cooling degree-days for a longer period of time is the sum of the daily cooling degree-days for the days in that period. (See Heating Degree-Days (HDD) and Climate Zone.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
cooling pond: A natural or man-made body of water that is used for dissipating waste heat from power plants.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
cooling system: An equipment system that provides water to the condensers and includes water intakes and outlets; cooling towers; and ponds, pumps, and pipes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
cooling: Conditioning of room air for human comfort by a refrigeration unit (such as an air-conditioner or heat pump) or by circulating chilled water through a central cooling or district cooling system. Use of fans or blowers by themselves, without chilled air or water, is not included in this definition of cooling. (See Energy End Use, Central Cooling, Heat Pump, and HVAC.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
cooperative electric utility: An electric utility legally established to be owned by and operated for the benefit of those using its service. The utility company will generate, transmit, and/or distribute supplies of electric energy to a specified area not being serviced by another utility. Such ventures are generally exempt from Federal income tax laws. Most electric cooperatives have been initially financed by the Rural Electrification Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
cooperative: A type of ownership whereby a group of housing units are owned by a corporation of member-
owners. Each individual member is entitled to occupy an individual unit and is a shareholder in the corporation that owns the property. Ownership may cover single-family houses, row houses, and townhouses as well as apartments.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
coordination service pricing: The typical price components of a bulk power coordination sale are an energy charge, a capacity, or reservation charge, and an adder. The price for a particular sale may embody some or all of these components. The energy charge is made on a per-kilowatt basis and is intended to recover the seller's system incremental variable costs of making a sale. Because the nonfuel expenses are usually hard to quantify and small relative to fuel expense, energy charges quoted are usually based on fuel cost. A capacity charge is set at a certain level per kilowatt and is normally paid whether or not energy is taken by the buyer. An adder is added to that energy charge to recover the hard-to-
quantify nonfuel variable costs. There are three types of adders: percentage, fixed, and split-
savings. A percentage adder increases the energy charge by a certain percentage. A fixed adder adds a fixed amount per kilowatthour to the energy charge. Split-savings adders are used only in economy energy transactions. They split production costs savings between the seller and the buyer by adding one-half of the savings to the energy cost.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
coordination service: The sale, exchange, or transmission of electricity between two or more electric utilities that typically have sufficient generation and transmission capacity to supply their load requirements under normal conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
cord of wood: A cord of wood measures 4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet, or 128 cubic feet.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
correlation: In its most general sense, correlation denoted the interdependence between quanitative or qualitative data. It would include the association of dichotomized attributes and the contingency of multiple-classified attributes. The concept is quite general and may be extended to more than two variates.
The word is most frequently used in a somewhat narrower sense to denote the relationship between measurable variates or ranks. In Italian usage, the two senses are distinguished by different words--"connection" for the wider sense and "concordance" for the narrower sense. Where no ambiguity arises, it is used in a still narrower sense to denote product-moment correlation.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
cost model for undiscovered resources: A computerized algorithm that uses the uranium endowment estimated for a given geological area and selected industry economic indexes to develop random variables that describe the undiscovered resources ultimately expected to be discovered in that area at chosen forward-cost categories.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
cost of capital: The rate of return a utility must offer to obtain additional funds. The cost of capital varies with the leverage ratio, the effective income tax rate, conditions in the bond and stock markets, growth rate of the utility, its dividend strategy, stability of net income, the amount of new capital required, and other factors dealing with business and financial risks. It is a composite of the cost for debt interest, preferred stock dividends, and common stockholders' earnings that provide the facilities used in supplying utility service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
cost of debt: The interest rate paid on new increments of debt capital multiplied by 1 minus the tax rate.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
cost of preferred stock: The preferred stock dividends divided by the net price of the preferred stock.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
cost of retained earnings: The residual of an entity's earnings over expenditures, including taxes and dividends, that are reinvested in its business. The cost of these funds is always lower than the cost of new equity capital, due to taxes and transactions costs. Therefore, the cost of retained earnings is the yield that retained earnings accrue upon reinvestment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
cost of service: A ratemaking concept used for the design and development of rate schedules to ensure that the filed rate schedules recover only the cost of providing the electric service at issue. This concept attempts to correlate the utility's costs and revenue with the service provided to each of the various customer classes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540*
cost, insurance, freight (CIF): A type of sale in which the buyer of the product agrees to pay a unit price that includes the f.o.b. value of the product at the point of origin plus all costs of insurance and transportation. This type of transaction differs from a "delivered" purchase in that the buyer accepts the quantity as determined at the loading port (as certified by the Bill of Loading and Quality Report) rather than pay on the basis of the quantity and quality ascertained at the unloading port. It is similar to the terms of an f.o.b. sale except that the seller, as a service for which he is compensated, arranges for transportation and insurance.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384*
cost: The amount paid to acquire resources, such as plant and equipment, fuel, or labor services.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
costs (imports of natural gas): All expenses incurred by an importer up to the U.S. point of delivery for the reported quantity {of natural gas} imported.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FPC-14, DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131
cpi: Consumer Price Index. These prices are collected in 85 urban areas selected to represent all urban consumers--about 80 percent of the total U.S. population. The service stations are selected initially and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample include those providing all types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-service).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
crawl space: Space between the ground and the floor of a house in which a person cannot walk upright. An enclosed crawl space is one not accessible from the outside of the house (except by a door or window) because the walls of the space protect it from the weather. A crawl space "open to the outside" is one that is accessible from outside the house - even though it may be covered by a trellis or lathwork or by some kind of brickwork that leaves space for circulation of air.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
crude oil (1): A mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface-separating facilities. Included are drip gases and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
Also included as "crude oil" should be lease condensate that is: (1) separated and sold at the lease; (2) separated at the lease and injected into the crude stream; or (3) separated at some point off the lease, but traceable back to that lease. The crude stream may be "volatile-laden" and include some natural gas liquids (NGLs) and/or natural gasoline. However, where identifiable, liquids produced at natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil should be excluded. Segregated, spiked, or topped crude should be considered "crude oil" wherever marketed by the seller and accepted by the potential purchaser as such.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-182
crude oil (2): A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in the liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface-separating facilities. For FRS reporting volumes reported as crude include:
- Liquids technically defined as crude oil - Small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in the gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casing head) gas in lease separators and are commingled with the crude stream without being separately measured (see Condensate.)
- Small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil
Statistical data pertaining to crude oil production and reserves are reported as liquid equivalents at the surface (excluding base sediment and water) measured in terms of stock tank barrels of 42 U.S. gallons at atmospheric pressure, corrected to 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
Where a state regulatory agency specifies a definition of crude oil which differs from that set forth above for statistical purposes, the state definition should be followed.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0370*
crude oil (3): A mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressures after passing through surface separating facilities. Lease condensate is included as are liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip gas is also included but topped crude oil and other unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is considered as either domestic or foreign according to the following:
Domestic: Crude oil produced in the United States or from its outer continental shelf as defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331.
Foreign: Crude oil produced outside the United States.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
crude oil (4): A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in the liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Crude oil may also include:
1. Small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in the gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casing head) gas in lease separators and that subsequently are commingled with the crude stream without being separately measured.
2. Small amounts of hydrocarbons produced with the oil. When a state regulatory agency specifies a definition of crude oil that differs from that set forth above, the state definition is followed.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*
crude oil +: A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Lease condensate and drips are included but topped crude oil (residual) and other unfinished oils are excluded.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0520*, DOE/EIA-0552*
crude oil - (including lease condensate) (1): A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface-separating facilities. Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip gases are also included, but topped crude (residual oil) and other unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is considered as either domestic or foreign, according to the following:
Domestic. Crude oil produced in the United States or from its "outer continental shelf" as defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331.
Foreign. Crude oil produced outside the United States. Imported Athabasca hydro-carbons are included.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0545
crude oil - (including lease condensate) (2): A mixture of hydrocarbons that existed in liquid phase in underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Included are lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sand, gilsonite, and oil shale. Drip gas is also included, but topped crude (residual) oil and other unfinished oils are excluded. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants and mixed with crude oil are likewise excluded where identifiable. Crude oil is considered as either domestic or imported according to the following:
a. Domestic Crude Oil - Crude oil produced in the United States or from its "outer continental shelf" as defined in 43 U.S.C. 1331.
b. Imported Crude Oil - Crude oil produced outside the United States.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-14
crude oil acquisitions (unfinished oil acquisitions): The volume of crude oil either (a) acquired by the respondent for processing for his own account in accordance with accounting procedures generally accepted and consistently and historically applied by the refiner concerned, or (b) in the case of a processing agreement, delivered to another refinery for processing for the respondent's own account.
Crude oil that has not been added by a refiner to inventory and that is thereafter sold or otherwise disposed of without processing for the account of that refiner shall be deducted from its crude oil purchases at the time when the related cost is deducted from refinery inventory in accordance with accounting procedures generally applied by the refiner concerned.
Crude oil processed by the respondent for the account of another is not a crude oil acquistion.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-14, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
crude oil f.o.b. price: The crude oil price actually charged at the oil-
producing country's port of loading. Includes deductions for any rebates and discounts or additions of premiums, where applicable. It is the actual price paid with no adjustment for credit terms.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
crude oil input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
crude oil landed cost: The price of crude oil at the port of discharge, including charges associated with purchasing, transporting, and insuring a cargo from the purchase point to the port of discharge. The cost does not include charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0384
crude oil losses: Represents the volume of crude oil reported by petroleum refineries as being lost in their operations. These losses are due to spills, contamination, fires, etc., as opposed to refining processing losses.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
crude oil production: The volume of crude oil produced from oil reservoirs during given periods of time. The amount of such production for a given period is measured as volumes delivered from lease storage tanks (i.e., the point of custody transfer) to pipelines, trucks, or other media for transport to refineries or terminals with adjustments for (1) net differences between opening and closing lease inventories, and (2) basic sediment and water (BS&W).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
crude oil qualities: Refers to two properties of crude oil, the sulfur content and API gravity, which affect processing complexity and product characteristics.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
crude oil refinery input: The total crude oil put into processing units at refineries.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
crude oil stocks: Stocks of crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
crude oil used directly: Crude oil consumed as fuel by crude oil pipelines and on crude oil leases.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376
crude oil, refinery receipts: Receipts of domestic and foreign crude oil at a refinery. Includes all crude oil in transit except crude oil in transit by pipeline. Foreign crude oil is reported as a receipt only after entry through customs. Crude oil of foreign origin held in bonded storage is excluded.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0340
crystalline-fully refined wax: A light-colored paraffin wax having the following characteristics: viscosity at 210 degrees Fahrenheit (D88)-59.9 SUS (10.18 centistokes) maximum; oil content (D721)-0.5 percent maximum; other +20 color, Saybolt minimum.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
crystalline-other wax: A paraffin wax having the following characteristics: viscosity at 210 deg. F(D88)-
59.9 SUS (10.18 centistokes) maximum; oil content (D721)-0.51 percent minimum to 15 percent maximum.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
cubic foot (cf): As a natural gas measure, the volume of gas contained in a cube with an edge that is 1 foot long at standard temperature and pressure (60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard per square inch). The thermal content varies by the composition of the gas. (See Natural Gas and Btu.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
cubic foot (natural gas): A unit of volume equal to 1 cubic foot at a pressure base of 14.73 pounds standard per square inch absolute and a temperature base of 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
culm: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
current (electric): A flow of electrons in an electrical conductor. The strength or rate of movement of the electricity is measured in amperes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
current assets: Cash and other assets that are expected to be turned into cash, sold, or exchanged within the normal operating cycle of the utility, usually one year. Current assets include cash, marketable securities, receivables, inventory and current prepayments.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
current form RW-859 assembly identifier: Assembly identifier assigned to each individual assembly by utility. Because utility identification schemes are not unique, some duplication may exist.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
current liabilities: A debt or other obligation that must be discharged within one year or the normal operating cycle of the utility by expending a current asset or the incurrence of another short-
term obligation. Current liabilities include accounts payable, short-term notes payable, and accrued expenses payable such as taxes payable and salaries payable.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
current ratio: The ratio of current assets divided by current liabilities that shows the ability of a utility to pay its current obligations from its current assets. A measure of liquidity, the higher the ratio, the more assurance that current liabilities can be paid.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
cut-off grade: The lowest grade, in percent U3O8, of uranium ore at a minimum specified thickness that can be mined at a specified cost.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
cycle/reactor history: A group of assemblies that have been irradiated in the same cycles in an individual reactor and are said to have the same cycle/reactor history.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
cycle: The time period running from the startup of one reactor cycle to the startup of the following cycle.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
cycling: The practice of producing natural gas for the extraction of natural gas liquids, returning the dry residue to the producing reservoir to maintain reservoir pressure and increase the ultimate recovery of natural gas liquids. The reinjected gas is produced for disposition after cycling operations are completed.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
dam: A physical barrier constructed across a river or waterway to control the flow of or raise the level of water. The purpose of construction may be for flood control, irrigation needs, hydroelectric power production, and/or recreation usage.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
daylighting controls (1): A daylighting control sensor is a device that senses the amount of light provided by daylight and controls electric lighting or shading devices to maintain a specified lighting level. Daylighting controls are also sometimes referred to as "photocells." The use of interior daylighting controls will most often be found in new buildings or buildings that have recently been remodeled. A common application of photocells is with exterior lighting systems.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
daylighting controls (2): See Natural Lighting Control Sensors.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
dd&a: Abbreviation for depreciation, depletion, and amortization.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
deadweight tons: The lifting capacity of a ship expressed in long tons (2,240 lbs.), including cargo, commodities, and crew.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
dealer tank wagon (DTW) sales: Wholesale sales of gasoline priced on a delivered basis to a retail outlet.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380
debt: Money or services owed through a legal obligation to an outside party. Debt may be classified as short-term which is one year or less or long-term which is more than one year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
decatherm: Ten therms or 1,000,000 Btu.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
decorative or construction glass: Includes glass exterior decorative coverings that are not Window or Vision Glass, such as glass blocks or spandrels. Covers structural glass or glass curtain walls used on the outside of buildings. May look just like window glass when viewed from the street except that it is opaque, which does not let light through. Even though a building's surface may look uniform--
an all glass exterior surface--some glass may be vision glass, while the other glass may be structural glass.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*
dedicated reserves: The volume of recoverable, salable gas reserves committed to, controlled by, or possessed by the reporting pipeline company and used for acts and services for which both the seller and the company have received certificate authorization from the FERC. Reserves include both company-
owned reserves (including owned gas in underground storage), reserves under contract from independent producers, and short-term and emergency supplies from the intrastate market. Gas volumes under contract from other interstate pipelines are not included as reserves, but may constitute part or all of a company's gas supply.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
dedicated vehicle: A motor vehicle that operates solely on one fuel.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, EIA-886
deepest total depth: The deepest total depth of a given well is the distance from a surface reference point (usually the Kelly bushing) to the point of deepest penetration measured along the well bore. If a well is drilled from a platform or barge over water, the depth of the water is included in the total length of the well bore.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
deferred cost: An expenditure not recognized as a cost of operation of the period in which incurred, but carried forward to be written off in future periods.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0455
deferred fuel costs: An expenditure for fuel that is not recognized for bookkeeping practices as a cost in the operating period incurred, but carried forward to be written off in future periods.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
deferred income tax (liability): A liability in the balance sheet representing the additional Federal income taxes that would have been due if a utility had not been allowed to compute tax expenses differently for income tax reporting purposes than for ratemaking purposes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
deferred taxes: Taxes accrued and reflected as an expense in a company's income statement, but not payable to the taxing authority in that time period. These taxes are accrued to compensate for an understatement of income tax expense that would occur if only the tax currently due to the taxing authority were reflected as the total income tax expense.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
definition of account: A billing unit. It can be linked to a company, office, person, agency, etc., that is sent a bill for usage of electricity in the building. Includes all accounts for the building, including all separately billed tenants or occupants of the building, regardless of whether the bills are sent to the building address or to some other address. The term also includes any separate bill sent to the building management or owners for the costs of electricity supplied to the building as a whole (hallways, lobbies, areas used for storage or maintenance operations, etc.).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
definition of customer: Refers to a company, office, person, agency, etc., that is sent a bill or statement for energy supplied to the building, regardless of whether the bills or statements are sent to the building address or to some other address. The term also includes any separate bill or statement sent to the building management or owners for the costs of energy supplied to the building as a whole (hallways, lobbies, areas used for storage or maintenance operations, etc.). Sometimes buildings on a campus or other large facility receive steam from a central plant and do not receive bills or statements. Includes buildings that do not receive separate bills or statements, i.e., have no "customers."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
degree-day normals: Simple arithmetic averages of monthly or annual degree-days over a long period of time (usually the 30-year period 1951-1980). These may be simple degree-day normals or population-weighted degree-day normals.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0538
degree-days 1989: The total annual heating and cooling degree-days (base 65 degrees Fahrenheit) during calendar year 1989. (See Heating Degree-Days (HDD), Cooling Degree-Days (CDD), Degree-Days 45-Year Average, and NOAA Division.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
degree-days 45-year average: The average of the 45 total annual heating and cooling degree-days (base, 65 degrees Fahrenheit) in each NOAA Division for the years 1931 through 1975. Computed from the Division's daily temperature averages for each year in question. Used to assign individual buildings to climate zones. (See Heating Degree-Days (HDD), Cooling Degree-Days (CDD), Degree-Days 1989, NOAA Division, and Climate Zone.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
degree-days, cooling (CDD): The number of degrees per day that the daily average temperature is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The daily average temperature is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperatures for a 24-hour period.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0376
degree-days, population-weighted: Heating or cooling degree-days weighted by the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To compute state population-
weighted degree-days, each state is divided into from one to nine climatically homogeneous divisions, which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of the division to the total population of the state. Degree-day readings for each division are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each division and those products are then summed to arrive at the state population-weighted degree-
day figure. To compute national population-
weighted degree-days, the nation is divided into nine census regions comprised of from three to eight states, which are assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of the region to the total population of the nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region and those products are then summed to arrive at the national population-weighted degree-day figure.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0376
dehumidifier: A dehumidifier removes moisture from the air (often needed in summer when the high moisture content of air makes it uncomfortable). (See Humidifier and Humidity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
delay rental: A payment that commonly is required annually by the lease contract to be paid by a lessee if commercial production has not yet been obtained in lieu of the lessee's performing specified work on the leased property according to the terms of the mineral lease. Failure to pay the delay rental normally terminates the lease with no penalty to the lessee.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
delayed coking: A process by which heavier crude oil fractions can be thermally decomposed under conditions of elevated temperatures and pressure to produce a mixture of lighter oils and petroleum coke. The light oils can be processed further in other refinery units to meet product specifications. The coke can be used either as a fuel or in other applications such as the manufacturing of steel or aluminum.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0109
deliverability: Represents the number of future years during which a pipeline company can meet its annual requirements for its presently certificated delivery capacity from presently committed sources of supply. The availability of gas from these sources of supply shall be governed by the physical capabilities of these sources to deliver gas by the terms of existing gas-
purchase contracts, and by limitations imposed by State or Federal regulatory agencies.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
delivered cost: The cost of fuel, including the invoice price of fuel, transportation charges, taxes, commissions, insurance, and expenses associated with leased or owned equipment used to transport the fuel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191
delivered energy: The amount of energy delivered to the site (building); no adjustment is made for the fuels consumed to produce electricity or district sources. This is also referred to as net energy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
delivered: The physical transfer of natural, synthetic, and/or supplemental gas from facilities operated by the responding company to facilities operated by others or to consumers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0131
deliveries (electric): Energy generated by one system and delivered to another system through one or more transmission lines.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
demand (consumption/petroleum products supplied): Total petroleum products supplied is the sum of all petroleum products supplied. For each product, the amount supplied is calculated by summing production, crude oil burned directly, imports, and net withdrawals from primary stocks and subtracting exports.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0520
demand (electric): The rate at which electric energy is delivered to or by a system, part of a system, or piece of equipment, at a given instant or averaged over any designated period of time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0348/2
demand charge credit: Compensation received by the buyer when the delivery terms of the contract cannot be met by the seller.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
demand charge: That portion of the consumer's bill for electric service based on the consumer's maximum electric capacity usage and calculated based on the billing demand charges under the applicable rate schedule.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
demand interval: The time period during which flow of electricity is measured (usually in 15-, 30-, or 60-minute increments.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*
demand-metered: Having a meter to measure peak demand (in addition to total consumption) during a billing period. Demand is not usually metered for other energy sources. (See Demand and Peak Demand.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
demand-side management (DSM): For CBECS, this is the planning and implementation of strategies designed to encourage consumers to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy costs, change the time of usage, or promote the use of a different energy source. DSM covers the complete range of load-shape objectives, including strategic conservation and load management, as well as strategic load growth.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
demand-side management program assistance: See DSM Program Assistance.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
demand-side management program participation: See DSM Program Participation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
demand-side management program sponsor: See DSM Program Sponsor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
demand-side management programs +: See DSM Programs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
demand-side management programs: A term used to describe a variety of programs being sponsored by utility companies to encourage customers to modify their energy use. These programs are generally designed to reduce demand or modify patterns of demand as an alternative to increasing new capacity.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
demand-side management: The planning, implementation, and monitoring of utility activities designed to encourage consumers to modify patterns of electricity usage, including the timing and level of electricity demand. It refers to only energy and load-shape modifying activities that are undertaken in response to utility-administered programs. It does not refer to energy and load-
shaped changes arising from the normal operation of the marketplace or from government-
mandated energy-efficiency standards. Demand-
Side Management (DSM) covers the complete range of load-shape objectives, including strategic conservation and load management, as well as strategic load growth.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
demand: The rate at which electric energy is delivered to or by a system, part of a system, or piece of equipment, at a given instant or averaged over any designated period of time.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*
demonstrated reserve base (coal): A collective term for the sum of coal in both measured and indicated resource categories of reliability, representing 100 percent of the in-
place coal in those categories as of a certain date. Includes beds of bituminuous coal and anthracite 28 or more inches thick and beds of subbituminuous coal 60 or more inches thick that can occur at depths of up to 1,000 feet. Includes beds of lignite 60 or more inches thick that can be surface mined. Includes also thinner and/or deeper beds that presently are being mined or for which there is evidence that they could be mined commercially at a given time. Represents that portion of the identified coal resource from which reserves are calculated.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0384
demonstration and test vehicles: Vehicles operated by a motor vehicle dealer solely for the purpose of promoting motor vehicle sales or permitting potential purchasers to drive the vehicle for pre-purchase or pre-lease evaluation; or a vehicle that is owned and operated by a motor vehicle manufacturer or motor vehicle component manufacturer, or owned or held by a university research department, independent testing laboratory, or other such evaluation facility, solely for the purpose of evaluating the performance of such vehicles for engineering, research and development, or quality control reasons.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
demurrage: The charge paid to the vessel owner or operator for detention of a vessel at the port(s) beyond the time allowed, usually 72 hours, for loading and unloading.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
dependable capacity: The load-carrying ability of a station or system under adverse conditions for a specified period of time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
depletion (1): A term for either (1) a periodic assignment to expense of recorded amounts or (2) an allowable income tax deduction that is related to the exhaustion of mineral reserves. Depletion is included as one of the elements of amortization. When used in that manner. depletion refers only to book depletion. (See Amortization.)
Book. The portion of the carrying value (other than the portion associated with tangible assets) prorated in each accounting period, for financial reporting purposes, to the extracted portion of an economic interest in wasting natural resource.
Tax-cost. A deduction (allowance) under U.S. Federal income taxation normally calculated under a formula whereby the adjusted basis of the mineral property is multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of units of minerals sold during the tax year and the denominator of which is the estimated number of units of unextracted minerals remaining at the end of the tax year plus the number of units of minerals sold during the tax year.
Tax-percentage (for Statutory). A deduction (allowance) allowed to certain mineral producers under U.S. Federal income taxation calculated on the basis of a specified percentage of gross revenue from the sale of minerals from each mineral property not to exceed the lesser of 50 percent of the taxable income from the property computed without allowance for depletion. (There are also other limits on percentage depletion on oil and gas production.) The taxpayer is entitled to a deduction representing the amount of tax-cost depletion or percentage (statutory) depletion, whichever is higher.
Excess Statutory Depletion. The excess of estimated statutory depletion allowable as an income tax deduction over the amount of cost depletion otherwise allowable as a tax deduction, determined on a total enterprise basis.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
depletion (2): The loss in service value incurred in connection with the exhaustion of the natural gas reserves in the course of service.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
depletion (3): The subtraction of both tonnage produced and the tonnage lost to mining from identified resources to determine the remaining tonnage as of a certain time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
depletion factor: The multiplier applied to the tonnage produced to compute depletion. This multiplier takes into account both the tonnage recovered and the tonnage lost due to mining. The depletion factor is the reciprocal of the recovery factor in relation to a given quantity of production.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
depreciation (1): (See Amortization.)
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*
depreciation (2): The loss in service value not restored by current maintenance and incurred in connection with the consumption or respective retirement of a gas plant in the course of service from causes that are known to be in current operation and against which the utility is not protected by insurance; for example, wear and tear, decay, obsolescence, changes in demand and requirements of public authorities, and the exhaustion of natural resources.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
depreciation and amortization of property, plant, and equipment: The monthly provision for depreciation and amortization (applicable to utility property other than electric plant, electric plant in service, and equipment).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826
depth of deepest production: The depth of the deepest production is the length of the well bore measured (in feet) from the surface reference point to the bottom of the open hole or the deepest perforation in the casing of a producing well.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
design electrical rating (capacity) net: The nominal net electrical output of a nuclear unit, as specified by the utility for the purpose of plant design.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0436
design head: The achieved river, pondage, or reservoir surface height (forebay elevation) that provides the water level to produce the full flow at the gate of the turbine in order to attain the manufacturer's installed nameplate rating for generation capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
development costs: Costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering, and storing the oil and gas. More specifically, development costs, depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities, and other costs of development activities, are costs incurred to:
- Gain access to and prepare well locations for drilling, including surveying well locations for the purpose of determing specific development drilling sites; clearing ground; draining; road building; and relocating public roads, gas lines, and power lines to the extent necessary in developing the proved reserves
- Drill and equip development wells, development-type stratigraphic test wells, and service wells, including the costs of platforms and of well equipment such as casing, tubing, pumping equipment, and the wellhead assembly
- Acquire, construct, and install production facilities such as lease flow lines, separators, treaters, heaters, manifolds, measuring devices, production storage tanks, natural gas cycling and processing plants, and utility waste disposal systems - Provide improved recovery systems.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
development drilling: Drilling done to determine more precisely the size, grade, and configuration of an ore deposit subsequent to when the determination is made that the deposit can be commercially developed. Not included are: (1) secondary development drilling, (2) solution-mining drilling for production, or (3) production-
related underground and openpit drilling done for control of mining operations.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858, DOE/EIA-0478
development well: A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive. (See Well.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545
development: The preparation of a specific mineral deposit for commercial production; this preparation includes construction of access to the deposit and of facilities to extract the minerals. The development process is sometimes further distinguished between a preproduction stage and a current stage, with the distinction being made on the basis of whether the development work is performed before or after production from the mineral deposit has commenced on a commercial scale.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
diesel fuel system: Diesel engines are internal combustion engines that burn diesel oil rather than gasoline. Injectors are used to spray droplets of diesel oil into the combustion chambers, at or near the top of the compression stroke. Ignition follows due to the very high temperature of the compressed intake air, or to the use of "glow plugs," which retain heat from previous ignitions (spark plugs are not used). Diesel engines are generally more fuel-efficient than gasoline engines but must be stronger and heavier because of high compression ratios. (See Carburetor, Diesel Fuel, and Fuel Injection.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464*
diesel fuel: A fuel composed of distillates obtained in petroleum refining operation or blends of such distillates with residual oil used in motor vehicles. The boiling point and specific gravity are higher for diesel fuels than for gasoline.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0464
diesel-electric plant: A generating station that uses diesel engines to drive its electric generators.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
direct current (DC): An electric current that flows in a constant direction. The magnitude of the current does not vary or has a slight variation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
direct electricity load control: The utility installs a radio-controlled device on the HVAC equipment. During periods of particulary heavy use of electricity, the utility will send a radio signal to the building in its service territory with this device and turn off the HVAC for a certain period.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
direct labor hours: Direct labor hours worked by all mining employees at a mining operation during the year. Includes hours worked by those employees engaged in production, preparation, development, maintenance, repair, shop or yard work management, and technical or engineering work. Excludes office workers. Excludes vacation and leave hours.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
direct load control: This Demand-Side Management category represents the consumer load that can be interrupted at the time of annual peak load by direct control of the utility system operator. Direct Load Control does not include Interruptible Load. This type of control usually involves residential consumers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
direct milling cost: Operating costs directly attributable to the processing of ores or other feed materials, including labor, supervision, engineering, power, fuel, supplies, reagents, and maintenance.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
direct mining cost: Operating cost directly attributable to the mining of ore, including costs for labor, supervision, engineering, power, fuel, supplies, equipment replacement, maintenance, and taxes on production.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
directional (deviated) well: A well purposely deviated from the vertical, using controlled angles to reach an objective location other than directly below the surface location. A directional well may be the original hole or a directional "sidetrack" hole that deviates from the original bore at some point below the surface. The new footage associated with directional "sidetrack" holes should not be confused with footage resulting from remedial sidetrack drilling. If there is a common bore from which two or more wells are drilled, the first complete bore from the surface to the original objective is classified and reported as a well drilled. Each of the deviations from the common bore is reported as a separate well.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
discharged fuel: Irradiated fuel removed from a nuclear reactor during refueling (See Spent Fuel.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
discrete-delivery energy sources: Energy sources that must be delivered to a site. (See Energy Source and Continuous-Delivery Energy Sources.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
dishwasher: A built-in or portable appliance used for automatically cleaning dishware, utensils, and cutlery. The national appliance efficiency standards required that, by 1988, dishwashers be equipped with an option to dry without heat.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
dispatching: The operating control of an integrated electric system involving operations such as (1) the assignment of load to specific generating stations and other sources of supply to effect the most economical supply as the total or the significant area loads rise or fall (2) the control of operations and maintenance of high-
voltage lines, substations, and equipment; (3) the operation of principal tie lines and switching; (4) the scheduling of energy transactions with connecting electric utilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
disposition (1): The removal of natural, synthetic, and/or supplemental gas, or any components or gaseous mixtures contained therein, from the responding company's facilities within the report State by any means or for any purpose, including the transportation of such gas out of the report State.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
disposition (2): The components of petroleum disposition are stock change, crude oil losses, refinery inputs, exports, and products supplied for domestic consumption.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
distillate fuel oil: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation operations. It is used primarily for space heating, on-and-off-highway diesel engine fuel (including railroad engine fuel and fuel for agricultural machinery), and electric power generation. Included are products known as No.1, No.2, and No.4 fuel oils; No.1, No.2, and No. 4 diesel fuels. Distillate fuel oil is reported in the following sulfur categories: 0.05% sulfur and under, and Greater than 0.05% sulfur.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-821, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
distillate: A general classification for one of the petroleum fractions produced in conventional distillation operations. Included are kerosene and products known as heating oils and diesel fuels, specifically: No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 Fuel Oils and No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4 Diesel Fuels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
distillation unit (atmospheric): The primary distillation unit that processes crude oil (including mixtures of other hydrocarbons) at approximately atmospheric conditions. It includes a pipe still for vaporizing the crude oil and a fractionation tower for separating the vaporized hydrocarbon components in the crude oil into fractions with different boiling ranges. This is done by continuously vaporizing and condensing the components to separate higher boiling point material. The selected boiling ranges are set by the processing scheme, the properties of the crude oil, and the product specifications.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
distributed/point-of-use water-heating system: A system for heating hot water, for other than space heating purposes, which is located at more than one space within a building. A point-of-
use water heater is located at the faucet and heats water only as required for immediate use. Because water is not heated until it is required, this equipment is more energy-
efficient. (See Water-Heating Equipment and Centralized Water Heating System.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
distribution system: The portion of the transmission and facilities of an electric system that is dedicated to delivering electric energy to an end-user.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
distribution use: Natural gas used as fuel in the respondent's operations.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
distributor: A company primarily engaged in the sale and delivery of natural and/or supplemental gas directly to consumers through a system of mains.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
district chilled water piped in from outside the building: Some buildings do not have their cooling equipment in the building. They may be served by a district cooling system provided by an electric or gas company or by a multibuilding facility or complex's physical plant. For example, a hospital may be on a campus or complex that has a central plant that distributes cooling to a number of buildings. Similarly, a downtown office building may be hooked up to a district cooling system provided by a utility.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
district chilled water piped into the building from a central plant or utility: Chilled water supplied to the building by (1) a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same multibuilding facility or complex (e.g., a hospital complex or university campus) as the sampled building, or (2) chilled water provided by a utility company or other supplier for which the customer is billed. This does not include water that is chilled in chillers just outside the building or in the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
district chilled water: Chilled water from an outside source used as an energy source for cooling in a building. The water is chilled in a central plant and piped into the building. Chilled water may be purchased from a utility or provided by a central physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same multibuilding facility (for example, a hospital complex or university). (See Energy Source, Central Physical Plant, and Multibuilding Facility.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
district heat: Steam or hot water from an outside source used as an energy source in a building. The steam or hot water is produced in a central plant and piped into the building. The district heat may be purchased from a utility or provided by a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same facility (for example, a hospital complex or university).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0384
district hot water piped into the building from a central plant or utility: Hot water supplied to the building by (1) a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same multibuilding facility or complex (e.g., a hospital complex or university campus) as the sampled building for which no fee is charged, or (2) hot water provided by a utility company or other supplier for which the customer is billed. NOTE: By "hot water" we are not talking about "service or domestic hot water," which is heated in a water heater and used for purposes other than heating the building such as cooking, dish washing, laundry, bathing, general cleaning, etc. District hot water is hot when it enters the building. It does not include hot water produced in the building. If steam is piped into the building and converted to hot water in the building, this is considered district steam, not district hot water.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
district hot water: District heat in the form of hot water. (See District Heat.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
district steam piped into the building from a central plant or utility: Steam supplied to the building by (1) a physical plant in a separate building that is part of the same multibuilding facility or complex (e.g., a hospital complex or university campus) as the sampled building or (2) steam provided by an electric utility company or other supplier for which the customer is billed. This does not include steam generated in the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
district steam: District heat in the form of steam. (See District Heat.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
diversity exchange: An exchange of capacity or energy, or both, between systems whose peak loads occur at different times.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
diversity: The electric utility system's load is made up of many individual loads that make demands upon the system usually at different times of the day. The individual loads within the customer classes follow similar usage patterns, but these classes of service place different demands upon the facilities and the system grid. The service requirements of one electrical system can differ from another by time-of-day usage, facility usage, and/or demands placed upon the system grid.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
docket: A formal record of a Federal Energy Regulatory Commission proceeding. These records are available for inspection and copying by the public. Each individual case proceeding is identified by an assigned number.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1
doe: Department of Energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
domestic (1): Produced in the United States, including the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-182
domestic (2): Domestic means within the 50 States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and other U.S. possessions. The word "domestic" is used also in conjunction with data and information that are compiled to characterize a particular segment or aspect of the uranium industry in the United States.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
domestic inland consumption: Domestic inland consumption is the sum of all refined petroleum products supplied for domestic use (excludes international marine bunkers). Consumption is calculated by product by adding production, imports, crude oil burned directly, and refinery fuel and losses, and then subtracting exports and charges in primary stocks (net withdrawals is a plus quantity and net additions is a minus quantity).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
domestic operations: Domestic operations are those operations located in the United States. The United States is defined as the 50 states, including their offshore territorial waters, the District of Columbia, U.S. commonwealth territories, and protectorates.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
domestic uranium industry: Collectively, those businesses (whether U.S. or foreign-based) that operate under the laws and regulations pertaining to the conduct of commerce within the United States and its territories and possessions and that engage in activities within the United States, its territories, and possessions specifically directed toward uranium exploration, development, mining, and milling; marketing of uranium materials; enrichment; fabrication; or acquisition and management of uranium materials for use in commercial nuclear power plants.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
domestic vehicle producer: An Original Vehicle Manufacturer that assembles vehicles in the United States for domestic use. The term "domestic" pertains to the fifty states, the District of Columbia, commonwealths, territories, and possessions of the United States.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
double circuit line: A transmission line having two separate circuits. Because each carries three-phase power, at least six conductors, three per circuit, are required.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
double pane: Two panes of glass, usually parallel, with space between them. The space may be filled with air or special gas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
drainage basin: The land drained by a river system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
drawdown (maximum): The distance that the water surface of the reservoir is lowered from the normal full elevation to the lowest allowable elevation as the result of the withdrawal of water for the purposes of generating electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860
drawdown: The lowering of the water level of a reservoir as a result of withdrawing water.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
dredge mining: A method of recovering coal from rivers or streams.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
drift mine: A mine that opens horizontally into the coal bed or coal outcrop.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*
drilling and equipping of wells: The drilling and equipping of wells through completion of the "christmas tree."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
drilling arrangement: A contractual agreement under which a working interest owner (assignor) assigns a part of a working interest in a property to another party (the assignee) in exchange for which the assignee agrees to develope the property. The term may also be applied to an agreement under which an operator assigns fractional shares in production from a property to participants for cash considerations as a means of acquiring cash for developing the property. Under a "disproportionate cost" drilling arrangement, the participants normally pay a greater total share of costs than the total value of the fractional shares of the property received in the arrangement.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
drilling: The act of boring a hole (1) to determine whether minerals are present in commercially recoverable quantities and (2) to accomplish production of the minerals (including drilling to inject fluids).
- Exploratory. Drilling to locate probable mineral deposits or to establish the nature of geological structures; such wells may not be capable of production if minerals are discovered.
- Developmental. Drilling to delineate the boundaries of a known mineral deposit to enhance the productive capacity of the producing mineral property.
- Directional. Drilling that is deliberately made to depart significantly from the vertical.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
dry (coal) basis: Coal quality data calculated to a theoretical basis in which no moisture is associated with the sample. This basis is determined by measuring the weight loss of a sample when its inherent moisture is driven off under controlled conditions of low temperature air-drying followed by heating to just above the boiling point of water (104 to 110 degrees Centigrade).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
dry bottom boiler: No slag tanks at furnace throat area. The throat area is clear. Bottom ash drops through the throat to the bottom ash water hoppers. This design is used where the ash melting temperature is greater than the temperature on the furnace wall, allowing for relatively dry furnace wall conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
dry gas: Natural gas from which the entrained liquids and nonhydrocarbon gases have been removed by lease facilities and/or plant processing. This is the gas that the interstate pipeline purchased, or expects to purchase, to serve its annual requirements.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167
dry hole charge: The charge-off to expense of a previously capitalized cost upon the conclusion of an unsuccessful drilling effort.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
dry hole: An exploratory or development well found to be incapable of producing either oil or gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well. (See Well.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384
dry natural gas production (as a decrement from gas reserves): The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs during the report year less (1) the volume returned to such reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; (2) shrinkage resulting from the removal of lease condensate and plant liquids; and (3) nonhydrocarbon gases, where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Volumes of gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs and native gas that has been transferred to the storage category are not considered production. This is not the same as marketed production, because the latter also excludes vented and flared gas, but contains liquids.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
dry natural gas production (as an increment to gas supply): Gross withdrawals from production reservoirs less gas used in reservoir repressuring; amounts vented and flared; nonhydrocarbons removed; and various natural gas constituents, such as ethane, propane, and butane, removed at natural gas processing plants. The parameters for measurement are 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 pounds standard per square inch absolute.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
dry natural gas production: Marketed production less extraction loss.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538
dry production: Gross withdrawals of natural gas from reservoirs less gas used for reinjection into reservoirs for repressuring, gas which is flared or vented, gas lost in transmission, and shrinkage. Derived by subtracting shrinkage or extraction loss from marketed production. It represents the amount of natural gas that can be marketed and consumed as a gas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
dry-hole contribution: A payment (either in cash or acreage) that is required by agreement only if a test well is unsuccessful and that is made in exchange for well test and evaluation data. (See Bottom-Hole Contribution and Test Well Contribution.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
dsm program assistance: DSM program assistance consists of general information, site-specific information, incentives, alternative-rate programs, fuel-
switching programs, and other DSM programs. This assistance can be provided by utilities, in-
house group, or third parties, such as an energy-
service company or contractor. (See General Information DSM Program Assistance, Site-
Specific Information DSM Program Assistance, Incentives DSM Program Assistance, Alternative-
Rate DSM Program Assistance, Fuel-Switching DSM Program Assistance, and Other DSM Assistance Programs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
dsm program participation: For CBECS, this category includes the building envelope or shell DSM Programs; HAVC DSM Programs; Lighting DSM Programs; and Other DSM programs, which includes Direct Electricity Load-
Control DSM Programs, Energy Efficient Motors DSM Programs, Process Heating or Cooling DSM Programs, Standby Electricity Generation DSM Programs, Thermal Storage DSM Programs, and Water-Heating DSM Programs. Also, DSM Program Participation is a category under Energy Management Practices. (See Building (Shell) Envelope DSM Program, Direct Electricity Load Control, Energy Efficient Motors, HAVC DSM Program, Lighting DSM Program, Process Heating or Cooling DSM Program, Standby Electricity Generation, Thermal Storage, Water-Heating DSM Program and Energy Management Practices.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
dsm program sponsor: For CBECS, a DSM program can be sponsored by electric and natural gas utilities, in-house, or a third party, such as an energy service company or contractor. (See In-House DSM Program Sponsor, Natural Gas Utility DSM Program Sponsor, and Third Party DSM Program Sponsor.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
dsm programs: For CBECS, these programs are organized activities that are intended to affect the amount and timing of consumer energy usage by encouraging consumers to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy costs, and change the time of energy usage, or promote the use of a different energy source. (See Building Shell (Envelope) DSM Program, Direct Electricity Load-
Control, Energy Efficient Motors, HVAC DSM Program, Lighting DSM Program, Process Heating or Cooling DSM Program, Standby Electricity Generation, Thermal Storage, and Water-Heating DSM Program.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
dsm: (See Demand-Side Management Programs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
dual fuel vehicle (1): A motor vehicle that is capable of operating on an alternative fuel and on gasoline or diesel fuel. These vehicles have at least two separate fuel systems which inject each fuel simultaneously into the engine combustion chamber.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
dual fuel vehicle (2): A motor vehicle that is capable of operating on an alternative fuel and on gasoline or diesel fuel. This term is meant to represent all such vehicles whether they operate on the alternative fuel and gasoline/diesel simultaneously (e.g., flexible-fuel vehicles) or can be switched to operate on gasoline/diesel or an alternative fuel (e.g., bi-fuel vehicles).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
dual-fired unit: A generating unit that can produce electricity using two or more input fuels. In some of these units, only the primary fuel can be used continuously; the alternate fuel(s) can be used only as a start-up fuel or in emergencies.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
duct: A passageway made of sheet metal or other suitable material to convey air from the heating, ventilating, and cooling systems to and from the point of utilization.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
dump energy: Energy generated in a hydroelectric plant by water that cannot be stored or conserved and which energy is in excess of the needs of the system producing the energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
economy energy: Energy produced and supplied from a more economical source in one system, substituted for that being produced or capable of being produced by a less economical source in another system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
economy of scale: The principle that larger production facilities have lower unit costs than smaller facilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540
effective full-power days: The number of effective full-power days produced by a unit is a measure of the unit's energy generation. It is determined using the following ratio: Heat generation (planned or actual) in MegaWatt Days thermal (MWDT)(divided by) Licensed thermal power in MegaWatts thermal (Mwt)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
eia: The Energy Information Administration. An independent agency within the U.S. Department of Energy that develops surveys, collects energy data, and analyzes and models energy issues. The Agency must meet the requests of Congress, other elements within the Department of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the Executive Branch, its own independent needs, and assist the general public, or other interest groups, without taking a policy position.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
electric baseboard: An individual space heater with electric resistance coils mounted behind shallow panels along baseboards. Electric baseboards rely on passive convection to distribute heated air to the space. (See Individual Space Heater and Baseboard Heater.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
electric current: The number of electrons per units time moving past a point in a conductor.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
electric energy: The ability of an electric current to produce work, heat, light, or other forms of energy. It is measured in kilowatthours.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
electric expenses: The cost of labor, material, and expenses incurred in operating a facility's prime movers, generators, auxiliary apparatus, switching gear, and other electric equipment for each of the points where electricity enters the transmission or distribution grid.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
electric generation (consumer category): All utility and non-utility power producers. All privately owned companies and all publicly owned agencies engaged in the production of electric power for public use. Publicly owned agencies include the following: municipal electric utilities; Federal power projects, such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); and rural electrification cooperatives, power districts, and state power projects.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
electric generation: Grid-interactive and remote or stand-alone power generation for general uses, including those for grid distribution and general remote uses such as residential power and power for mobile homes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
electric hybrid vehicle: An electric vehicle that either (1) operates solely on electricity, but contains an internal combustion motor that generates additional electricity (series hybrid); or (2) contains an electric system and an internal combustion system and is capable of operating on either system (parallel hybrid).
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-176, EIA-886
electric motor vehicle: A motor vehicle powered by an electric motor that draws current from rechargeable storage batteries, fuel cells, photovoltaic arrays, or other sources of electric current.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
electric operating expenses: Summation of electric operation-related expenses, such as operation expenses, maintenance expenses, depreciation expenses, amortization, taxes other than income taxes, Federal income taxes, other income taxes, provision for deferred income taxes, provision for deferred income-credit, and investment tax credit adjustment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
electric plant (financial): Assets comprising land, building, and equipment permanently employed.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
electric plant (physical): A facility containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
electric plant acquisition adjustment: The difference between (a) the cost to the respondent utility of an electric plant acquired as an operating unit or system by purchase and (b) the depreciated original cost, estimated if not known, of such property.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
electric plant: A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0531
electric power industry: The privately, publicly, Federally, and cooperatively owned electric utilities of the United States taken as a whole. This includes all electric systems serving the public: regulated investor-owned electric utility companies; Federal power projects; and State, municipal, and other government-owned systems, including electric public utility districts, and electric cooperatives, as well as generation and transmission entities. Excluded from this definition are the special purpose electric facilities or systems that do not offer service to the public.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*
electric power plant: A station containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0035
electric power system: An individual electric power entity--a company; an electric cooperative; a public electric supply corporation as the Tennesse Valley Authority; a similar Federal department or agency such as the Bonneville Power Administration; the Bureau of Reclamation or the Corps of Engineers; a municipally owned electric department offering service to the public; or an electric public utility district (a "PUD"); also a jointly owned electric supply project such as the Keystone.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
electric power: The rate at which electric energy is generated, transmitted, or consumed. Electric power is measured in watts or kilowatts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
electric pump for well water: This pump forces the water from a well below ground level up into the water pipes that circulate through the house. When this pump is not working, there is a limited supply of running water in the house.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
electric rate schedule: A statement of the electric rate and the terms and conditions governing its application, including attendant contract terms and conditions that have been accepted by a regulatory body with appropriate oversight authority.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
electric rate: The price set for a specified amount and type of electricity by class of service in an electric rate schedule or sales contract.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540*
electric system loss: Total energy loss from all causes for an electric utility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
electric utilities: All privately owned companies and all publicly owned agencies engaged in the generation, transmission, or distribution of electric power for public use. Publicly owned agencies include municipal electric utilities; Federal power projects; such as the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA); rural electrification cooperatives; power districts; and State power projects.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0384
electric utility (+): Gas used as fuel in electric utility plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131
electric utility (1): A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that owns and/or operates facilities within the United States, its territories, or Puerto Rico for the generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric energy primarily for use by the public and files forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141. Facilities that qualify as cogenerators or small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) and exempt wholesale generators under Energy Policy Act of 1992 are not considered electric utilities. See definition of nonutility power producer.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
electric utility (2): Owns and/or operates facilities for the generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric energy, primary for use by the public and files forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141. The SIC code of an electric utility is 49. Facilities that qualify as cogenerators or small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act are not considered electric utilities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
electric utility companies: Includes sales to electric utility companies, including that used for the generation of electricity. Volumes imported and used directly by electric utility companies are also included.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
electric utility consumption: Gas used as fuel in electric utility plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0538
electric utility sector: The electric utility sector consists of privately and publicly owned establishments that generate, transmit, distribute, or sell electricity primarily for use by the public and that meet the defintion of an electric utility. Nonutility power producers are not included in the electric sector.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384*
electrical system energy losses: The amount of energy lost during generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including plant and unaccounted for use.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
electricity (1): Metered electric power supplied by a central utility company to a residence via underground or above-ground power lines. It does not refer to electricity generated on site for the exclusive use of a residence. When a residence has its own generating capability, the fuel used for the generator will be specified. (See Btu Conversion Factors, Site Energy and Adjusted Electricity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*
electricity (2): A form of energy generated by friction, induction, or chemical change that is caused by the presence and motion of elementary charged particles of which matter consists.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
electricity (3): Energy in the form of electricity supplied to a building by a central power plant or utility company via underground or above-ground power lines. Exclude electric power generated within the building for exclusive use in the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
electricity - (purchased): Electricity purchased for refinery operations that is not produced within the refinery complex.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
electricity generation, gross: The total amount of electric energy produced by the generating station or stations, measured at the generator terminals.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
electricity generation, net: Gross generation less electricity consumed at the generating plant for station use. Electricity required for pumping at pumped- storage plants is regarded as plant use and is deducted from gross generation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
electricity generation: The process of producing electric energy or transforming other forms of energy into electric energy. Also, the amount of electric energy produced or expressed in watt-hours (Wh).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
electricity paid by household: The household paid the electric utility company directly for all household uses of electricity (such as water heating, space heating, air-
conditioning, cooking, lighting, and operating appliances.) Bills paid by a third party are not counted as paid by the household. (See Electricity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
electricity production: Net electricity (gross electricity output measured at generator terminals minus power plant use) generated by publicly and privately owned electric utilities. Excludes industrial electricity generation (except autogeneration of hydroelectric power).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
electricity sales: The amount of kilowatthours sold in a given period of time; usually grouped by classes of service, such as residential, commercial, industrial, and other. "Other" sales include sales for public street and highway lighting and other sales to public authorities, sales to railroads and railways, and interdepartmental sales.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
eliminations: Revenues and expenses resulting from transactions between segments. Consolidated company accounts do not include intersegment revenues and expenses.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0384
emcs: (See Energy Management and Control System (EMCS).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
emergency backup generation: The use of electric generators only during interruptions of normal power supply.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
emergency energy: Electric energy provided for a limited duration, intended only for use during emergency conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
emergency: The failure of an electric power system to generate or deliver electric power as normally intended, resulting in the cutoff or curtailment of service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
end use sectors: The residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors of the economy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
end use: A function for which energy sources or fuels are used in the household. (See Space Heating, Air Conditioning, Water Heating, Appliances, and Metered Data.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
end user: A firm or individual that purchases products for its own consumption and not for resale (i.e., an ultimate consumer).
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*
ending stocks: Primary stocks of crude oil and petroleum products held in storage as of 12 midnight on the last day of the month. Primary stocks include crude oil or petroleum products held in storage at (or in) leases, refineries, natural gas processing plants, pipelines, tank farms, and bulk terminals that can store at least 50,000 barrels of petroleum products or that can receive petroleum products by tanker, barge, or pipeline. Crude oil that is in-transit by water from Alaska or that is stored on Federal leases or in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve is included. Primary Stocks exclude stocks of foreign origin that are held in bonded warehouse storage.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0538*
energy +: The capacity for doing work as measured in the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
energy assistance program: (See Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
energy audit: A program carried out by a utility company in which an auditor inspects a home and suggests ways energy can be saved.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
energy broker system: Introduced into Florida by the Public Service Commission, the energy broker system is a system for exchanging information that allows utilities to efficiently exchange hourly quotations of prices at which each is willing to buy and sell electric energy. For the broker system to operate, utility systems must have in place bilateral agreements between all potential parties, must have transmission arrangements between all potential parties, and must have transmission arrangements that allow the exchanges to take place.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
energy charge: That portion of the charge for electric service based upon the electric energy (kWh) consumed or billed.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
energy conservation features: This includes building shell conservation features, HVAC conservation features, lighting conservation features, any conservation features and other conservation features incorporated by the building. However, this category does not include any DSM program participation by the building. Any DSM program participation is included in the DSM Programs. (See Building Shell Conservation Feature, HVAC Conservation Features, and Lighting Conservation Features.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
energy consumption, end-use: The sum of fossil fuel consumption by the four end-use sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation) plus electric utility sales to those sectors and generation of hydroelectric power by nonelectric utilities. Net end-use energy consumption excludes electrical system energy losses. Total end-use energy consumption includes electrical system energy losses.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
energy consumption, total: The sum of fossil fuel consumption by the five sectors (residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric utility) plus hydroelectric power, nuclear electric power, net imports of coal coke, and electricity generated for distribution from wood, waste, geothermal, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
energy consumption: The use of energy as a source of heat or power or as an input in the manufacturing process.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
energy deliveries: Energy generated by one electric utility system and delivered to another system through one or more transmission lines.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/2
energy efficient motors: Are also known as "high-efficiency motors" and "premium motors." They are virtually interchangeable with standard motors, but differences in construction make them more energy efficient.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
energy end use: A use for which energy is consumed in a building. (See Cooling, Space Heating, Electricity Generation, Manufacturing, and Water Heating.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
energy expenditures: The money directly spent by consumers to purchase energy. Expenditures equal the amount of energy used by the consumer multiplied by the price per unit paid by the consumer.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
energy information administration (EIA): An independent agency within the U.S. Department of Energy that develops surveys, collects energy data, and does analytical and modeling analyses of energy issues. The Agency must satisfy the requests of Congress, other elements within the Department of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the Executive Branch, its own independent needs, and assist the general public, or other interest groups, without taking a policy position.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0540
energy information: Includes (A) all information in whatever form on (i) fuel reserves, extraction, and energy resources (including petrochemical feedstocks) wherever located; (ii) production, distribution, and consumption of energy and fuels wherever carried on; and (B) matters relating to energy and fuels, such as corporate structure and proprietary relationships, costs, prices, capital investment, and assets, and other matters directly related thereto, wherever they exist.
OPI: EI-20
Sources:
energy intensity: The ratio of cosumption to floor space. (See Consumption, Conditional Energy Intensity, Gross Energy Intensity, and Floorspace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
energy loss (power): The difference between energy input and output as a result of an energy transfer between two points. The loss charged to the equivalent power rating is sometimes referred to as capacity loss.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
energy loss: The difference between energy input and output as a result of an energy transfer between two points.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
energy management and control system (EMCS): An energy conservation feature that uses mini/microcomputers, instrumentation, control equipment, and software to manage a building's use of energy for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, and/or business-related processes. These systems can also manage fire control, safety, and security. Not included as EMCS are time-clock thermostats. (See Occupant Control of Heating and Occupant Control of Cooling.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
energy management practices: Involvement, as a part of the building's normal operations, in energy efficiency programs that are designed to reduce the energy used by specific end-use systems. This includes the following: EMCS, DSM Program Participation, Energy Audit, and a Building Energy Manager. (See Energy Management and Control System (EMCS), Demand-Side Management (DSM), Energy Audit, and Building Energy Manager.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
energy receipts: Energy generated by one electric utility system and received by another system through one or more transmission lines.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
energy source +: A substance such as natural gas, coal, or electricity that supplies heat or power.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
energy source-specific floor space: Total floorspace of those buildings that use a particular fuel. (See Conditional Energy Intensity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
energy source: A substance, such as petroleum, natural gas, or coal, that supplies heat or power. Electricity and renewable forms of energy, such as biomass, geothermal, wind, uranium, sunlight, water, and solar are considered to be energy sources.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
energy supplier survey: This is the second stage of the CBECS, the Building Survey is the first stage, where data concerning actual energy consumptions were obtained from the energy suppliers to the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
energy supplier: Fuel companies supplying electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, or LPG to the household.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
energy used in the home: For electricity or natural gas, the quantity is the amount used by the household during the 365- or 366-day period. For fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the quantity consists of fuel purchased, not fuel consumed. If the level of fuel in the storage tank was the same at the beginning and end of the annual period, then the quantity consumed would be the same as the quantity purchased.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
energy-related space functions: This includes using space in the building for one or more of four specific functions: commercial food preparation and serving, computer rooms with separate air conditioning systems, special ventilation equipment, activities requiring large amounts of hot water; and any other large use of energy. The total square footage used for each special space function is also collected. (See Commercial Food Preparation and Serving, Computer Room with Separate Air-Conditioning System, Rooms with Special Ventilation, and Activities Requiring Large Amounts of Hot Water.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
energy-weighted industrial output: The weighted sum of real output for all two-
digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) manufacturing industries plus agriculture, construction, and mining. The weight for each industry is the ratio between the quantity of end-use energy consumption to the value of real output.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
energy: The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has several forms, some of which are easily convertible and can be changed to another form useful for work. Most of the world's convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that is then used as a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatthours, while heat energy is usually measured in British thermal units.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
engine size: The total volume within all cylinders of an engine when pistons are at their lowest positions. The engine is usually measured in "liters" or "cubic inches of displacement (CID)." Generally, larger engines result in greater engine power, but less fuel efficiency. There are 61.024 cubic inches in a liter. (See Number of Cylinders.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464
enriched uranium: Uranium in which the U-235 isotope concentration has been increased to greater than the 0.711 percent U-235 (by weight) present in natural uranium.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477, DOE/EIA-0478
enrichment feed deliveries: Uranium that is shipped under contract to a supplier of enrichment services for use in preparing enriched uranium product to a specified U-235 concentration and that ultimately will be used as fuel in a nuclear reactor.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
enrichment tails assay: A measure of the amount of fissile uranium (U-
235) remaining in the waste stream from the uranium enrichment process. The natural uranium "feed" that enters the enrichment process generally contains 0.711 percent (by weight) U-
235. The "product stream" contains enriched uranium (more than 0.711 percent U-235) and the "waste" or "tails" stream contains depleted uranium (less than 0.711 percent U-235). At the historical enrichment tails assay of 0.2 percent, the waste stream would contain 0.2 percent U-235. A higher enrichment tails assay requires more uranium feed (thus permitting natural uranium stockpiles to be decreased), while increasing the output of enriched material for the same energy expenditure.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0477
envelope: (See Building Shell (Envelope).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
environmental protection agency (EPA) certification files: Computer files produced by EPA for analysis purposes. For each vehicle make, model and year, the files contain the EPA test MPGs (city, highway, and 55/45 composite). These MPG's are associated with various combinations of engine and drive-train technologies (e.g., number of cylinders, engine size, gasoline or diesel fuel, and automatic or manual transmission). These files also contain information similar to that in the DOE/EPA Gas Mileage Guide, although the MPGs in that publication are adjusted for shortfall. (See Miles per Gallon.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
epa certification: A permanent label on fireplace inserts and freestanding wood stoves manufactured after July 1, 1988, indicating that the equipment meets EPA standards for clean burning.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
epa composite MPG: The harmonic mean of the EPA city and highway MPG, weighted under the assumption of 55 percent city driving and 45 percent highway driving.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0464*
equilibrium cycle: An analytical term that refers to fuel cycles that occur after the initial one or two cycles of a reactor's operation. For a given type of reactor, equilibrium cycles have similar fuel characteristics.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
equipment that uses outside air for cooling (economizer cycle): An economizer cycle is a control system on the ventilation system that brings in outside air when it is cool and dry, thereby reducing the use of chillers. An economizer consists of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity sensors, dampers, motors, and motor controls. For packaged systems, economizers can be bought off the shelf. For larger systems, the controls and dampers are custom designed.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
equity (financial): Ownership of shareholders in a corporation represented by stock.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
equity capital: The sum of capital from retained earnings and the issuance of stock.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0348/2
equity crude oil: The proportion of production that a concession owner has the legal and contractual right to retain.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates: A company's proportional share (based on ownership) of the net earnings or losses of an unconsolidated affiliate.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
establishment: As defined by the Standard Industrial Classification Manual developed by the Office of Management and Budget, "an economic unit, generally, at a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed." However, "establishment" is not synonymous with "building."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*
estimate: In the strict sense, an estimate is the particular value yielded by an estimator in a given set of circumstances. The expression is, however, widely used to denote the rule by which such particular values are calculated. It seems preferable, following Pitman, to use the word "estimator" for the rule of procedure and "estimate" for the values to which it leads in particular cases.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
estimated additional resources (EAR): The uranium in addition to reasonable assured resources (RAR) that is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of direct geological evidence, in extensions of well-explored deposits, little-explored deposits, and undiscovered deposits believed to exist along a well-defined geologic trend with known deposits, such that the uranium can subsequently be recovered within the given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics as determined in the best known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits. EAR correspond to DOE's Probable Potential Resource Category.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
estimated bill: A set of charges for a fuel, calculated by the supplier when the meter is not read. The estimate may be based on one or more of the following factors: past usage, usage by similar households, and weather data.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
estimating equation: An equation involving observed quantities and an unknown, which serves to estimate the latter; one of a set of such equations involving several unknowns.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
estimation: Estimation is concerned with inference about the numerical value of unknown population values from incomplete data such as a sample. If a single figure is calculated for each unknown pararmeter, the process is called point estimation. If an interval is calculated within which the parameter is likely, in some sense, to lie, the process is called interval estimation.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
estimator: An estimator is a rule or method of estimating a constant of a parent population. It is usually expressed as a function of sample values and, hence, is a variate whose distribution is of great importance in assessing the reliability of the estimate to which it leads.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
etbe (ethyl tertiary butyl ether) (CH3)3COC2H: An oxygenate blend stock formed by the catalytic etherification of isobutylene with ethanol.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0202
ethane (C2H6): A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -127.48 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
ethanol blend (gasohol): A blend of finished motor gasoline (leaded or unleaded) and alcohol (generally ethanol, but sometimes methanol) limited to 10% alcohol by volume.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
ethanol blend: Mixture containing 85 percent or more (or such other percentage, but not less than 70 percent) by volume of denatured ethanol with gasoline. Pure ethanol is considered an "other alternative fuel."
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
ether: A generic term applied to a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, characterized by an oxygen atom attached to two carbon atoms (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether).
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
ethylene (C2H4) (1): A colorless, flammable, gaseous, olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from natural gas and petroleum. Ethylene is used as a petrochemical feedstock for numerous chemical applications and the production of consumer goods.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552*
ethylene (C2H4) (2): An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
evacuated tube: In a solar thermal collector, an absorber tube, contained in an evacuated glass cylinder, through which collector fluid flows.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A
evacuated-tube collector: A solar thermal collector in which the collector fluid flows through an absorber tube that is contained inside an evacuated glass cylinder.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
evaporative cooler (swamp cooler): An air-cooling unit that turns air into moist, cool air by saturating the air with water vapor. It does not cool air by use of a refrigeration unit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
excess statutory depletion: The excess of estimated statutory depletion allowable as an income tax deduction over the amount of cost depletion otherwise allowable as a tax deduction, determined on a total enterprise basis. (See Depletion (1).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206
exchange (1): Any transaction in which quantities of crude oil, or any other petroleum product, are received or given up in return for other crude oil or petroleum products.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
exchange (2): Any transaction in which quantities of crude oil or any other petroleum product(s) are received or given up in return for other crude oil or petroleum product(s). Exchanges include reciprocal purchases and sales.
A "Quota or Ticket Exchange," also referred to as "ticket trade, " is a type of transaction through which one refiner is able to use another refiner's fee-paid import licenses.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-14
exchange agreement: A contractual arrangement whereby one company agrees to deliver gas either directly or through intermediates to another company at one location, or in one time period, in exchange for the delivery by the second company to the first company of an equivalent volume or heat content at a different location or time period. Such agreements may or may not include the payment of fees in dollar or volumetric amounts.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0131*
exchange agreements: Any exchanges of natural gas between an interstate pipeline company and another pipeline company wherein natural gas delivered at one location or point in time is to be redelivered at a different location or point in time. Balances due from exchange agreements may be positive or negative volumes for the reporting company.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
exchange energy: Exchange energy refers to specific electricity transactions between electric utilities, where electricity received is returned in kind at a later time or accumulated as energy balances until the end of the stated period, after which settlement may be by monetary payment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0531*
exhaust fan: Small fans located in the wall or ceiling that exhaust air, odors, and moisture from the bathroom, kitchen, or basement to the outside.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
expenditure: The incurrence of a liability to obtain an asset or service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0348/2
expenditures as a percentage of income: The household energy expenditures divided by the family's income. The median percentage is the percentage of income spent for the middle household, when the households are ranked by the percentage they spend on energy. That is, 50 percent of the weighted households in the cell spend a lower percentage on energy than the median value. (See Median.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
expenditures per million Btu: The aggregate ratio of a group of buildings' total expenditures for a given fuel to the total consumption of that fuel. (See Expenditures and Consumption.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
expenditures per square foot: The aggregate ratio of a group of buildings' total expenditures for a given fuel to the total floor space in those buildings. (See Expenditures and Floorspace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
expenditures: Funds spent for energy purchased and paid for or delivered to a manufacturer during a calendar year. The expenditure dollar includes state and local taxes and delivery charges.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
exploration costs: Costs, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs directly identifiable with exploration activities, such as: - Costs of topographical, geological, and geophysical studies, rights of access to properties to conduct those studies, and salaries and other expenses of geologists, geophysical crews, and others conducting those studies. Collectively, these costs are sometimes referred to as geological and geophysical or "G&G" costs.
- Costs of carrying and retaining un- developed properties, such as delay rentals, ad valorem taxes on the properties, legal costs for title defense, and the maintenance of land and lease records.
- Dry-hole contribution and bottom-hole contributions.
- Costs of drilling and equipping exploratory wells.
- Costs of drilling exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
exploration drilling: Drilling done in search of new mineral deposits, on extensions of known ore deposits, or at the location of a discovery up to the time when the company decides that sufficient ore reserves are present to justify commercial exploration. Assessment drilling is reported as exploration drilling.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858, DOE/EIA-0478*
exploration: Exploration involves (1) identifying areas that may warrant examination and (2) examining specific areas that are considered to have prospects of containing oil and gas reserves, including drilling exploratory wells and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells. Exploration costs may be incurred both before acquiring the related property (sometimes referred to in part as prospecting costs) and after acquiring the property.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
exploratory well (1): A well that is not a development well, a service well, nor a stratigraphic test, as those items are defined elsewhere. (See Well.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
exploratory well (2): A well drilled to find and produce oil or gas in an unproved area, to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive of oil or gas in another reservoir, or to extend the limit of a known oil or gas reservoir.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545
exports (1): Photovoltaic modules and cells manufactured in the United States and shipped to another country.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
exports (2): Solar collectors only, manufactured in the United States and shipped to another country.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0174*
exports (3): Shipments of goods from the 50 states and the District of Columbia to foreign countries, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions and territories.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0545
exports (4): Natural gas deliveries out of the continental United States and Alaska to foreign countries.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FPC-14, DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131
extensions, discoveries, and other additions: Additions to an enterprise's proved reserves that result from (1) extension of the proved acreage of previously discovered (old) reserves through additional drilling in periods subsequent to discovery and (2) discovery of new fields with proved reserves or of new reservoirs of proved reserves in old fields.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
extensions: Any new reserves credited to a previously producing reservoir because of enlargement of its proved area. This enlargement in proved area is usually due to new well drilling outside of the previously known productive limits of the reservoir.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0545*
exterior or interior horizontal or vertical shades or mini-blinds: Exterior shadings or awnings include any type of shading or awning on the outside of the building. By interior shadings, we mean drapes, venetian blinds, shades, or any other means of covering a window from the inside of the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
exterior or interior shadings or awnings: A covering designed to reduce the flux of light into a building. Exterior shadings or awnings include any type of shading (including architectural) or awning on the outside of the building designed to limit solar penetration. Interior shadings are drapes, venetian blinds, shades, or any other means of covering a window from the outside to limit the amount of solar or thermal penetration. (See Building Shell Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
extraction loss: The reduction in volume of natural gas due to the removal of natural gas liquid constituents such as ethane, propane, and butane at natural gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0384
extractive industries: Industries involved in the activities of (1) prospecting and exploring for wasting (non-
regenerative) natural resources, (2) acquiring them, (3) further exploring them, (4) developing them, and (5) producing (extracting) them from the earth. The term does not encompass the industries of forestry, fishing, agriculture, animal husbandry, or any others that might be involved with resources of a regenerative nature.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
extraordinary income deductions (electric utility): Those items related to transactions of a nonrecurring nature that are not typical or customary business activities of the utility and that would significantly distort the current year's net income if reported other than as extraordinary items.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412, EIA-826, EIA-861
extraordinary item: Income and expense items associated with events and transactions that possess a high degree of abnormality and are of a type that would not reasonably be expected to recur in the foreseeable future. An example would be losses resulting from an earthquake, expropriation, or a prohibition under a newly enacted law.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
f.a.s. value: Free alongside ship value. The value of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation in the country of exportation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
f.a.s.: (See Free Alongside Ship.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
f.o.b. (free on board) mining operation value: The price of coal at the mining operation. Does not include insurance and freight or shipping costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A
f.o.b. (free on board): Pertains to a transaction whereby the seller makes the product available within an agreed on period at a given port at a given price; it is the responsibility of the buyer to arrange for the transportation and insurance.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0384*
f.o.b. mine price: The free-on-board mine price. This is the price paid for coal at the mining operation site. It excludes freight or shipping and insurance costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
f.o.b. price: The f.o.b. price is the price actually charged at the producing country's port of loading. The reported price should be after deducting any rebates and discounts or adding premiums where applicable and should be the actual price paid with no adjustment for credit terms.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
f.o.b. value: Free-on-board value. This is the value of coal at the coal mine or of coke and breeze at the coke plant without any insurance or freight transportation charges added.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
fabricated fuel: Fuel assemblies composed of an array of fuel rods loaded with pellets of enriched uranium dioxide.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
facilities charge: An amount to be paid by the customer in a lump sum, or periodically as reimbursement for facilities furnished. The charge may include operation and maintenance as well as fixed costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
facility (1): An existing or planned location or site at which prime movers, electric generators, and/or equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or nuclear energy into electric energy are situated or will be situated. A facility may contain more than one generator of either the same or different prime mover type. For a cogenerator, the facility includes the industrial or commercial process.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
facility (2): At the sampling stage, an economic unit that operates in more than one building at a single location. Examples include college campuses and large hospital complexes. The building represents the interviewed sampling unit for this survey. Listings for the area sample ordinarily identified each building individually. However, the listings for the large and specialized buildings sometimes included a facility with several buildings. If an intended sampling unit turned out to be a cluster of buildings such as a campus, sampling proceeded in one of two ways: (1) there were three or fewer buildings in the cluster, all buildings were sampled; or (2) there were four or more buildings, subsampling from the cluster was performed. At the interview stage, a survey question determined whether the sampled building was part of a multibuilding facility. In many cases, a building was reported at interview to be part of a multibuilding facility even though the building had not been identified as part of a facility at the sampling stage. More rarely, a building identified as part of a facility during sampling was reported not to be part of a multibuilding facility at interview. (See Building and Multibuilding Facility.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
facsimile machine (fax): Transmits and receives printed material over telephone lines.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
factor: This word occurs in statistical contents in several senses:
(a) in the ordinary mathematical sense, e.g., a factor of an algebraic expression;
(b) to denote a quantity under examination in an experiment as a possible cause of variation, e.g., in a "factorial" experiment;
(c) (adapted from psychology) in multivariate analysis, to denote a function of the observed variates, usually linear, which may be regarded as part of those variates, and hence as a "factor" of the variation;
(d) to denote a constituent item in an average or index number.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
fahrenheit: A temperature scale on which the boiling point of water is at 212 degrees above zero on the scale and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above zero at standard atmospheric pressure.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226
failure or hazard: Any electric power supply equipment or facility failure or other event that, in the judgement of the reporting entity, constitutes a hazard to maintaining the continuity of the bulk electric power supply system such that a load reduction action may become necessary and reportable outage may occur. Types of abnormal conditions that should be reported include the imposition of a special operating procedure, the extended purchase of emergency power, other bulk power system actions that may be caused by a natural disaster, a major equipment failure that would impact the bulk power supply, and an environmental and/or regulatory action requiring equipment outages.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0531
fan-coil unit: A type of heating and cooling distribution equipment using circulating hot or chilled water with fans. Fan-coil units have thermostatically controlled built-in fans that draw air from the room and then across finned tubes containing hot water, steam, or chilled water. The hot water, steam, or chilled water can be produced by equipment within the building or be piped into the building as part of a district heating or cooling system. (See Space Heating and Cooling.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
fan-coil units without ducts: Chilled water is piped into the unit, which has a thermostatically controlled, built-in fan that distributes the air. The chilled water may be produced by chillers in the building or it might be piped into the building as part of a district chilled-water system.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
fan-coil units without vents (ducts): A piece of HVAC equipment that distributes hot water or steam to different parts of the building. A "Fan-Coil Unit without Vents (Ducts)" consists of "finned tube coils" and a fan encased in a box or unit. This unit is connected by pipes to a central boiler or a steam system. It operates by the fan moving the air over the finned coils that contain the hot water or steam, in the process warming the air, and blowing it out into the room. Occupants can control the amount of heat by means of a thermostat. Fan-coil units without vents (ducts) are typically found along the outside walls of the building under windows or large glass areas. Fan-coil units are typically found in hotel or motel rooms, offices, and other spaces where it is important to have individual controls. Another term used to describe this system is a "unit ventilator."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
fan: (See Whole-House Cooling Fan, Exhaust Fan, Window or Ceiling Fan, Portable Fan, and Furnace Fan.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
farm out (in) arrangement: An arrangement, used primarily in the oil and gas industry, in which the owner or lessee of mineral rights (the first party) assigns a working interest to an operator (the second party), the consideration for which is specified exploration and/or development activities. The first party retains an overriding royalty or other type of economic interest in the mineral production. The arrangement from the viewpoint of the second party is termed a "farm-in arrangement."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
farm use: Includes sales for use in tractors, irrigation pumps, and other agricultural machinery, as well as that used for crop drying, smudge pot fuel, space heating of buildings (including farm houses), cooking, and any other use by the agriculture industry.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
fast breeder reactor (FBR): A reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained primarily by fast neutrons rather than by thermal or intermediate neutrons. Fast reactors require little or no moderator to slow down the neutrons from the speeds at which they are ejected from fissioning nuclei. This type of reactor produces more fissile material than it consumes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
federal electric utility: A utility that is either owned or financed by the Federal Government.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
federal energy regulatory commission (FERC): The Federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline certification. FERC is an independent regulatory agency within the Department of Energy and is the successor to the Federal Power Commission.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
federal power act: Enacted in 1920, and amended in 1935, the Act consists of three parts. The first part incorporated the Federal Water Power Act administered by the former Federal Power Commission, whose activities were confined almost entirely to licensing non-Federal hydroelectric projects. Parts II and III were added with the passage of the Public Utility Act. These parts extended the Act's jurisdiction to include regulating the interstate transmission of electrical energy and rates for its sale as wholesale in interstate commerce. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is now charged with the administration of this law.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
federal power commission (FPC): The predecessor agency of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The Federal Power Commission was created by an Act of Congress under the Federal Water Power Act on June 10, 1920. It was charged originally with regulating the electric power and natural gas industries. It was abolished on September 30, 1977, when the Department of Energy was created. Its functions were divided between the Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, an independent regulatory agency.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
federal region: In a Presidential directive issued in 1969, various Federal agencies (among them the currently designated Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Labor, the Office of Economic Opportunity, and the Small Business Administration) were instructed to adopt a uniform field system of 10 geographic regions with common boundaries and headquarters cities. The action was taken to correct the evolution of fragmented Federal field organization structures that each agency or component created independently, usually with little reference to other agencies' arrangements. Most Federal domestic agencies or their components have completed realignments and relocations to conform to the Standard Federal Administration Regions (SFARs).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095
fee interest: The absolute, legal possession and ownership of land, property, or rights, including mineral rights. A fee interest can be sold (in its entirety or in part) or passed on to heirs or successors.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
feeder line: An electrical line that extends radially from a distribution substation to supply electrical energy within an electric area or sub-area.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
ferc guidelines: A compilation of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's enabling statutes; procedural and program regulations; and orders, opinions, and decisions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
ferc: The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
fertile material: Material that is not itself fissionable by thermal neutrons but can be converted to fissile material by irradiation. The two principal fertile materials are uranium-238 and thorium-232.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
field area: A geographic area encompassing two or more pools that have a common gathering and metering system, the reserves of which are reported as a single unit. This concept applies primarily to the Appalachian region. (See Pool.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216, DOE/EIA-0370
field discovery year: The calendar year in which a field was first recognized as containing economically recoverable accumulations of oil and/or gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216, DOE/EIA-0370
field production: Represents crude oil production on leases, natural gas liquids production at natural gas processing plants, new supply of other hydrocarbons/oxygenates and motor gasoline blending components, and fuel ethanol blended into finished motor gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
field separation facility: A surface installation designed to recover lease condensate from a produced natural gas stream usually orginating from more than one lease and managed by the operator of one or more of these leases.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, EIA-64A, DOE/EIA-0216
field: An area consisting of a single reservoir or multiple reservoirs all grouped on, or related to, the same individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition. There may be two or more reservoirs in a field that are separated vertically by intervening impervious strata or laterally by local geologic barriers, or by both.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-23, EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0370*, DOE/EIA-0545*
file rate schedule: The rate for a particular electric service, including attendant contract terms and conditions, accepted for filing by a regulatory body with appropriate oversight authority.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
filing: Any written application, complaint, declaration, petition, protest, answer, motion, brief, exception, rate schedule, or other pleading, amendment to a pleading, document, or similar paper that is submitted to a utility commission.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
final order: A final ruling by FERC that terminates an action, decides some matter litigated by the petitioning parties, operates to some right, or completely disposes of the subject matter.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
financial accounting standards board (FASB): An independent board responsible, since 1973, for establishing generally accepted accounting principles. Its official pronouncement are called "Statements of Financial Accounting Standards" and "Interpretations of Financial Accounting Standards."
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
finished leaded gasoline: Contains more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. Premium and regular grades are included, depending on the octane rating. Includes leaded gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
finished motor gasoline: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. Specification for motor gasoline, as given in ASTM Specification D439-88 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690B, include a boiling range of 122 degrees to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-
percent point to 365 degrees to 374 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent point and a Reid vapor pressure range from 9 to 15 psi. "Motor gasoline" includes finished leaded gasoline, finished unleaded gasoline, and gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. (Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C
finished unleaded gasoline: Contains not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. Premium and regular grades are included, depending on the octane rating. Includes unleaded gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
fireplace insert: A heating stove that occupies most of the burning area of a fireplace. Fireplace accessories such as glass doors, metal shields to cover the opening into the room, convective or radiant grates, or air circulation devices (including fans) are not considered fireplace inserts.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
fireplace: Usually a masonry unit that burns wood, is built into the wall of a house, and has a permanent chimney. Fireplaces in mobile home are included. Fireplaces may have glass doors or metal shields to cover the opening into the room. Accessories such as convective grates or radiant grates may be present to increase the efficiency of the fireplace. A freestanding fireplace that can be detached from its chimney is a heating stove. (See Heating Stove, Burning Wood, Coal, and Coke.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
firm +: An association, company, corporation, estate, individual, joint venture, partnership, or sole proprietorship, or any other entity, however organized, including (a) charitable or educational institutions, (b) the Federal Government, including corporations, departments, Federal agencies, and other instrumentalities, and (c) state and local governments. A firm may consist of (1) a parent including the consolidated and unconsolidated entities (if any) that it directly or indirectly controls, (2) a parent and its consolidated entities only, (3) an unconsolidated entity, or (4) any part or combination of the above. (Reporting by parent companies is preferred to minimize the possibility of double-counting or under-
reporting.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-182, EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863
firm gas: Gas sold on a continuous and generally long-term contract.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
firm power: Power or power-producing capacity, intended to be available at all times during the period covered by a guaranteed commitment to deliver, even under adverse conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
firm service: The commitment of generation and/or transmission service to a customer under a filed rate schedule to which the parties to the service anticipate no planned interruption. The allocation of the utility's resources may be system-wide, or only for a named unit; the time of availability is usually prescribed as well.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
firm: An association, company, corporation, estate, individual, joint venture, partnership, sole proprietorship, or any other entity, however organized, including charitable or education institutions, the Federal Government, as well as corporations, departments, Federal agencies and other instrumentalities, and state and local governments.
A firm may consist of a parent, including the consolidated and unconsolidated entities (if any) that it directly or indirectly controls, a parent and its consolidated entities only, or an unconsolidated entity. These are defined as:
(a) Parent - A firm that is not directly or indirectly controlled by another firm.
(b) Parent and its Consolidated Entities - A parent and those firms (if any) directly or indirectly controlled by the parent that are consolidated with the parent for purposes of financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles historically and consistently applied. An individual shall be deemed to control a firm which is directly controlled by him or by his father, mother, spouse, children, or grandchildren.
(c) Unconsolidated Entity - A firm directly or indirectly controlled by a parent but not consolidated with the parent for purpose of financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. An unconsolidated entity includes any firm consolidated with the unconsolidated entity for purposes of financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles historically and consistently applied. An individual shall be deemed to control a firm that is directly controlled by him or by his father, mother, spouse, children, or grandchildren.
(d) Affiliate - A firm either partially or totally owned/or controlled by another firm and which may or may not be one of the firm's consolidated entities.
(e) Parent and Affiliated Firms - A parent firm together with those firms that are its consolidated and unconsolidated entities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
first purchase (of crude oil): An equity (not custody) transaction commonly associated with a transfer of ownership of crude oil associated with the physical removal of the crude oil from a property for the first time (also referred to as a lease sale). A first purchase normally occurs at the time and place of ownership transfer where the crude oil volume sold is measured and recorded on a run ticket or other similar physical evidence of purchase. The volume purchased and the cost of such transaction shall not be measured farther from the wellhead than the point at which the value for landowner royalties is established, if there was a separate landowner.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-182, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0545*
first purchase price: The marketed first sales price of domestic crude oil, consistent with the removal price defined by the provisions of the Windfall Profits Tax on Domestic Crude Oil (Public Law 96-223, Sec. 4998 (c)).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
fiscal year: The U.S. Government's fiscal year runs from October 1 through September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; e.g., fiscal year 1992 begins on October 1, 1991, and ends on September 30, 1992.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*
fissile material: Material that can be caused to undergo atomic fission when bombarded by neutrons. The most important fissionable materials are uranium-
235, plutonium-239, and uranium-233.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
fission: The process whereby an atomic nucleus of appropriate type, after capturing a neutron, splits into (generally) two nuclei of lighter elements, with the release of substantial amounts of energy and two or more neutrons.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
fixed asset turnover: A ratio of revenue to fixed assets which is a measure of the productivity and efficiency of property, plant, and equipment in generating revenue. A high turnover reflects positively on the entity's ability to utilize properly its fixed assets in business operations.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
fixed assets: Tangible property used in the operations of an entity, but not expected to be consumed or converted into cash in the ordinary course of events. With a life in excess of one year, not intended for resale to customers, and subject to depreciation (with the exception of land), they are usually referred to as property, plant, and equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
fixed carbon: The nonvolatile matter in coal minus the ash. Fixed carbon is the solid residue other than ash obtained by prescribed methods of destructive distillation of a coal. Fixed carbon is the part of the total carbon that remains when coal is heated in a closed vessel until all matter is driven off.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
fixed charge coverage: The ratio of earnings available to pay so-called fixed charges to such fixed charges. Fixed charges include interest on funded debt, including leases, plus the related amortizations of debt discount, premium, and expense. Earnings available for fixed charges may be computed before or after deducting income taxes. Occasionally credits for the "allowance for funds used during construction" are excluded from the earnings figures. The precise procedures followed in calculating fixed charge or interest coverages vary widely.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
fixed cost (expense): An expenditure or expense that does not vary with volume level of activity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0455
fixed operating costs: Costs other than those associated with capital investment that do not vary with the operation, such as maintenance and payroll.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0455
flared natural gas: Natural gas burned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
flared: The volume of gas burned in flares on the base site or at gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131*
flat and meter rate schedule: An electric rate schedule consisting of two components, the first of which is a service charge and the second a price for the energy consumed.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0540
flat demand rate schedule: An electric rate schedule based on billing demand that provides no charge for energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0540
flat plate pumped: A medium-temperature solar thermal collector that typically consists of a metal frame, glazing, absorbers (usually metal), and insulation and that uses a pumped liquid as the heat-transfer medium: predominant use is in water-heating applications.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0474
fleet vehicle: Any motor vehicle a company owns or leases that is in the normal operations of a company. Vehicles which are used in the normal operation of a company, but are owned by company employees are not fleet vehicles. If a company provides services in addition to providing natural gas, only those vehicles that are used by the natural gas provider portion of a company should be counted as fleet vehicles. Vehicles that are considered "off-road" (e.g., farm or construction vehicles) or demonstration vehicles are not to be counted as fleet vehicles. Fleet vehicles include gasoline/diesel powered vehicles and alternative-
fuel vehicles.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
flexible fuel vehicle: A vehicle that can operate on (1) alternative fuels (such as M85 or E85), (2) 100-percent petroleum-based fuels, or (3) any mixture of an alternative fuel (or fuels) and a petroleum-
based fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles have a single fuel system to handle alternative and petroleum-based fuels. Flexible fuel vehicle and variable fuel vehicle are synonymous terms.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
flexicoking: A thermal cracking process which converts heavy hydrocarbons such as crude oil, tar sands bitumen, and distillation residues into light hydrocarbons. Feedstocks can be any pumpable hydrocarbons, including those containing high concentrations of sulfur and metals.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
floor price: A price specified in a market-price contract as the lowest purchase price of the uranium, even if the market price falls below the specified price. The floor price may be related to the seller's production costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
floor, wall, or pipeless furnace: Space-heating equipment consisting of a ductless combustor or resistance unit, having an enclosed chamber where fuel is burned or where electrical-resistance heat is generated to warm the rooms of a building. A floor furnace is located below the floor and delivers heated air to the room immediately above or (if under a partition) to the room on each side. A wall furnace is installed in a partition or in an outside wall and delivers heated air to the rooms on one or both sides of the wall. A pipeless furnace is installed in a basement and delivers heated air through a large register in the floor of the room or hallway immediately above.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0314
floors: The number of levels in the tallest section of a building that are actually considered a part of the building, including parking areas, basements, or other floors below ground level.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
floorspace: The floor area of the housing unit that is enclosed from the weather. Basements are included whether or not they contain finished space. The finished space and the heated space in attics are included. Garages are included if they have a wall in common with the house. Crawl spaces are not included, even if they are enclosed from the weather. Sheds and other buildings that are not attached to the house are not included. "Heated Floorspace" is the portion of the floorspace that is heated during most of the winter season. Rooms that are shut off during the heating season to save fuel are not counted as heated square footage. Attached garages that are unheated and unheated areas in basements and attics are not counted as heated square footage.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0384*
flue-gas desulfurization unit (scrubber): Equipment used to remove sulfur oxides from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Chemicals such as lime are used as the scrubbing media.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0191
flue-gas particulate collector: Equipment used to remove fly ash from the combustion gases of a boiler plant before discharge to the atmosphere. Particulate collectors include electrostatic precipitators, mechanical collectors (cyclones), fabric filters (baghouses), and wet scrubbers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
flue: An enclosed passageway for directing products of combustion to the atmosphere.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
fluid catalytic cracking: The refining process of breaking down the larger, heavier, and more complex hydrocarbon molecules into simpler and lighter molecules. Catalytic cracking is accomplished by the use of a catalytic agent and is an effective process for increasing the yield of gasoline from crude oil. Catalytic cracking processes fresh feeds and recycled feeds.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
fluid coking: A thermal cracking process utilizing the fluidized-solids technique to remove carbon (coke) for continuous conversion of heavy, low-
grade oils into lighter products.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
fluorescent lamp: A lamp made of a glass tube coated on the inside with fluorescent material. The lamp produces light by passing electricity through mercury vapor, which causes the fluorescent coating to glow or fluoresce. (See Lamp.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
fluorescent lamps: Usually long, narrow, white tubes connected to a fixture at both ends of the lamp; some are circular tubes. Newer types ("compact" fluorescent lamps), looking somewhat more like a conventional bulb, are being made, which can be screwed into fixtures. These lights are typically found in kitchen and basement work areas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
fluorescent light bulbs: These are usually long, narrow, white tubes made of glass coated on the inside with fluorescent material, which is connected to a fixture at both ends of the light bulb; some are circular tubes. The light bulb produces light by passing electricity through mercury vapor, which causes the fluorescent coating to glow or fluoresce. Compact fluorescent light bulbs which are a separate category are excluded for CBECS.
OPI: EI-60,EI-70
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
fluorescent lighting other than compact fluorescent bulbs: In fluorescent lamps, energy is converted to light by using an electric charge to "excite" gaseous atoms within a fluorescent tube. Common types are "cool white," "warm white," etc. Special energy efficient fluorescent lights have been developed that produce the same amount of light while consuming less energy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
fly ash: Particulate matter mainly from coal ash in which the particle diameter is less than 1 x 10&sup4. meter. This ash is removed from the flue gas using flue-gas particulate collectors such as fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
fme: Free Market Economies. Countries that are members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) are not included.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
food stamps: Coupons or a plastic card that can be used to purchase food. The food stamp program is a joint, Federal-state program that is administered by state and local governments. Recipients are certified eligible for food stamps at local offices.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
footage drilled: Total footage for wells in various categories, as reported for any specified period, includes (1) the deepest total depth (length of well bores) of all wells drilled from the surface, (2) the total of all bypassed footage drilled in connection with reported wells, and (3) all new footage drilled for directional sidetrack wells. Footage reported for directional sidetrack wells does not include footage in the common bore that is reported as footage for the original well. In the case of old wells drilled deeper, the reported footage is that which was drilled below the total depth of the old well.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384
forced air through ducts or air conditioning units: Air is passed over cooling coils and forced from a central location through ducts or air handling units. Air handling units are hidden in the walls or ceilings, where they use chilled water to cool the air inside the duct work.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
forced air through vents (ducts) or air handling units: A means of distributing heat by channeling warm air to different parts of the building. It often involves passing air over heating coils and forcing it from a central location through ducts or air handling units, or it involves air handling units that are hidden in the walls or ceilings where they use steam or hot water to heat the air inside the duct work.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
forced outage: The shutdown of a generating unit, transmission line, or other facility for emergency reasons or a condition in which the generating equipment is unavailable for load due to unanticipated breakdown.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
foreign access: Refers to proved reserves of crude, condensate, and natural gas liquids applicable to long-term supply agreements with foreign governments or authorities in which the company or one of its affiliates acts as producer.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
foreign currency transaction gains and losses: Gains or losses resulting from the effect of exchange rate changes on transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency (for example, a U.S. enterprise may borrow Swiss francs or a French subsidiary may have a receivable denominated in kroner from a Danish customer). Gains and losses on those foreign currency transactions are generally included in determining net income for the period in which exchange rates change unless the transaction hedges a foreign currency commitment or a net investment in a foreign entity. Intercompany transactions of a long-term investment nature are considered part of a parent's net investment and hence do not give rise to gains or losses.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
foreign currency translation effects: Gains or losses resulting from the process of expressing amounts denominated or measured in one currency in terms of another currency by use of the exchange rate between the two currencies. This process is generally required to consolidate the financial statements of foreign affiliates into the total company financial statements and to recognize the conversion of foreign currency or the settlement of a receivable or payable denominated in foreign currency at a rate different from that at which the item is recorded. Translation adjustments are not included in determining net income, but are disclosed as separate components of consolidated equity.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
foreign operations: These are operations that are located outside the United States. Determination of whether an enterprise's mobile assets, such as offshore drilling rigs or ocean-going vessels, constitute foreign operations should depend on whether such assets are normally identified with operations located outside the United States.
Foreign operations are segregated into the following areas for FRS purposes:
OECD Europe. Includes Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.
Middle East. Includes Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, the Iraqi-
Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone, Qatar, Dubai, Bahrain, Oman, Yemen, Syria, Jordan, and Israel.
Canada.
Africa (the African continent).
Former Soviet Union (FSU) and East Europe. The Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, as well as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Yugoslavia.
Other Eastern Hemisphere. Areas eastward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 degrees longitude and not included in other specified domestic or foreign classifications. Other Western Hemisphere. Areas westward of the Greenwich prime meridian to 180 degrees longitude and not included in other domestic or foreign classifications.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
former Soviet Union: Consists of Newly Independent States plus the Baltic States.
OPI: EI-20
Sources:
forward cost (1): Forward costs are those operating and capital costs yet to be incurred at the time an estimate of reserves is made. Profits and "sunk" costs, such as past expenditures for property acquisition, exploration, and mine development, are not included. Therefore, the various forward-cost categories are independent of the market price at which uranium produced from the reserves would be sold.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
forward cost (2): The operating and capital costs still to be incurred in the production of uranium from in-
place reserves. By using forward costing, estimates for reserves for ore deposits in differing geological settings and status of development can be aggregated and reported for selected cost categories. Included are costs for labor, materials, power and fuel, royalties, payroll taxes, insurance, and applicable general and administrative costs. Excluded from forward cost estimates are prior expenditures, if any, incurred for property acquisition, exploration, mine development, and mill construction, as well as income taxes, profit, and the cost of money. Forward costs are neither the full costs of production nor the market price at which the uranium, when produced, might be sold.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0477, DOE/EIA-0478
forward coverage: Amount of uranium required to assure uninterrupted operation of nuclear power plants.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
fossil fuel plant: A plant using coal, petroleum, or gas as its source of energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
fossil fuel steam-electric power plant: An electricity generation plant in which the prime mover is a turbine rotated by high-
pressure steam produced in a boiler by heat from burning fossil fuels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
fossil fuel: Any naturally occurring organic fuel formed in the earth's crust, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
fossil fuels: Sources of energy extracted from the earth. Fossil fuels are natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas. (See Natural Gas, Fuel Oil, Kerosene, and Liquefied Petroleum Gas.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
foundry coke: This is a special coke that is used in furnaces to produce cast and ductile iron products. It is a source of heat and also helps maintain the required carbon content of the metal product. Foundry coke production requires lower temperatures and longer times than blast furnace coke.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
foundry: An operation where metal castings are produced, using coke as a fuel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
frame: A list, map, or other specification of the units that constitute the available information relating to the population designated for a particular sampling scheme. There is a frame corresponding to each stage of sampling in a multi-stage sampling scheme. The frame may or may not contain information about the size or other supplementary information of the units, but should have enough details so that a unit, if included in the sample, may be located and taken up for inquiry. The nature of the frame exerts a considerable influence over the structure of a sample survey. It is rarely perfect and may be inaccurate, incomplete, inadequately described, out of date or subject to some degree of duplication. Reasonable reliability in the frame is a desirable condition for the reliability of a sample survey based on it. In multi-stage sampling it is sometimes possible to construct the frame at higher stages during the progress of the sample survey itself. For example, certain first-stage units may be selected in the first instance; and then more detailed lists or maps may be constructed by compilation of available information or by direct observation only of the first-stage units actually selected.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
free alongside ship (f.a.s.): The value of a commodity at the port of exportation, generally including the purchase price plus all charges incurred in placing the commodity alongside the carrier at the port of exportation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
free on board (f.o.b.): A transaction whereby the seller makes the product available within an agreed-on period at a given port at a given price. It is the responsibility of the buyer to arrange for the transportation and insurance.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
free well: A well drilled and equipped by an assignee as consideration for the assignment of a fractional share of the working interest, commonly under a farm-out agreement.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
freezer: A cabinet designed as a unit for storing food at temperatures of about 0 degrees Fahrenheit and having a refrigeration unit driven by an electric motor. This can be a separate appliance, not part of the refrigerator, and can be an upright model (vertical cabinet with the door opening outward) or a chest model (horizontal cabinet with the door opening upward).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
fresh feed input: Represents input of material (crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates or finished products) to processing units at a refinery that is being processed (input) into a particular unit for the first time. Examples: (1) Unfinished oils coming out of a crude oil distillation unit that are put into a catalytic cracking unit are considered fresh feed to the catalytic cracking unit. (2) Unfinished oils coming out of a catalytic cracking unit being looped back into the same catalytic cracking unit to be reprocessed are not considered fresh feed.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*
fresh feeds: Crude oil or petroleum distillates that are being fed to processing units for the first time.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
frost-free: A freezer that automatically defrosts itself every 12 or 24 hours.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
frs: Financial Reporting System Survey.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
fuel (1): The primary fuel or energy source delivered to a residential site. It may be converted to some other form of energy at the site. Electricity is included as a fuel. Other primary fuels are coal, fuel oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, wood, and solar.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
fuel (2): See Energy Source.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
fuel cell: A device that produces electrical energy directly from the controlled electrochemical oxidation of the fuel. It does not contain an intermediate heat cycle, as do most other electrical generation techniques.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095
fuel consumption: (See Vehicle Fuel Consumption.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
fuel efficiency: (See Miles per Gallon.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
fuel emergencies: An emergency that exists when supplies of fuels or hydroelectric storage for generation are at a level or estimated to be at a level that would threaten the reliability or adequacy of bulk electric power supply. The following factors should be taken into account to determine that a fuel emergency exists: (1) Fuel stock or hydroelectric project water storage levels are 50 percent or less of normal for that particular time of the year and a continued downward trend in fuel stock or hydroelectric project water storage level is estimated; or (2) Unscheduled dispatch or emergency generation is causing an abnormal use of a particular fuel type, such that the future supply of stocks of that fuel could reach a level that threatens the reliability or adequacy of bulk electric power supply.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0531
fuel ethanol (C2H5OH): An anhydrous denatured aliphatic alcohol intended for gasoline blending as described in definition of oxygenates.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0208
fuel expenditures: (See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
fuel expenses: These costs include the fuel used in the production of steam or driving another prime mover for the generation of electricity. Other associated expenses include unloading the shipped fuel and all handling of the fuel up to the point where it enters the first bunker, hopper, bucket, tank, or holder in the boiler-
house structure.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
fuel injection: A fuel delivery system whereby gasoline is pumped to one or more fuel injectors under high pressure. The fuel injectors are valves that, at the appropriate times, open to allow fuel to be sprayed or atomized into a throttle bore or into the intake manifold ports. The fuel injectors are usually solenoid operated valves under the control of the vehicle's on-board computer (thus the term "electronic fuel injection"). The fuel efficiency of fuel injection systems is less temperature-dependent than carburetor systems. Diesel engines always use injectors. (See Carburetor and Diesel Fuel Systems.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464
fuel oil (1): There are two general categories of fuel oil: distillate fuel oil (Number 1, Number 2, or Number 4 grade fuel oil) and residual oil (Number 5 or Number 6). Fuel oil is generally burned for space- or water-heating purposes. Number 2 fuel oil is the most common form of heating oil. Residual fuel oil refers to the heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are boiled off in refinery operations.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
fuel oil (2): No. 1, No. 2, or No. 4 grade fuel oil or residual oil that is burned for space- or water-
heating purposes. No. 1 distillate fuel oil is used mostly as a blending stock to assure that heavier grades of fuel flow under severe cold weather conditions. No. 2 fuel oil is the most common form of heating oil. No. 2 distillate collectively refers to No. 2 heating oil and No. 2 diesel fuel. Although these products are not precisely identical, they are essentially interchangeable in most applications. No. 4 distillate is a blend of No. 2 and No. 5 or No. 6 residual fuel oil, used in large stationary diesel engines and boilers equipped with fuel preheating equipment. (See Fuel.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
fuel oil +: A liquid petroleum product less volatile than gasoline, used as an energy source. Fuel oil includes distillate fuel oil (No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4), residual fuel oil (No. 5 and No. 6), and kerosene. (See Energy Source.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
fuel oil paid by household: The household paid the supplier directly for all household uses of fuel oil or kerosene (such as space heating or water heating). Bills paid by a third party are not counted as paid by the household. (See Fuel.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
fuel oil supplier: See Energy Supplier.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
fuel purchase agreement: An agreement between a company and a fuel provider which stipulates that the company agrees to purchase its fuel from the fuel provider. If the company has a credit card for use at a fuel provider's locations, but is not bound by an additional agreement to purchase fuel from that provider, the credit card agreement alone is not considered a fuel purchase agreement.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
fuel ratio: The ratio of fixed carbon to volatile matter in coal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
fuel switching capability: The short-term capability of a manufacturing establishment to have used substitute energy sources in place of those actually consumed. Capability to use substitute energy sources means that the establishment's combustors (for example, boilers, furnaces, ovens, and blast furnaces) had the machinery or equipment either in place or available for installation so that substitutions could actually have been introduced within 30 days without extensive modifications. Fuel-switching capability does not depend on the relative prices of energy sources; it depends only on the characteristics of the equipment and certain legal constraints.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0384
fuel type: See Type of Vehicle Fuel Purchased.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
fuel use (of energy): Use of energy in the production of heat, steam, or power for the generation of electricity.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
fuel-switching DSM program assistance: DSM program assistance where the sponsor encourages consumers to change from one fuel to another for a particular end-use service. For example, utilities might encourage consumers to replace electric water heaters with gas units or encourage industrial consumers to use electric microwave heaters instead of natural gas-
heaters. (See DSM Program Assistance.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
fuel/fabricator assembly identifier: Individual assembly identifier based on a numbering scheme developed by individual fuel fabricators. Most fuel fabricator assembly identifiers schemes closely match the scheme developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and are therefore unique.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
fuels solvent deasphalting: A refining process for removing asphalt compounds from petroleum fractions, such as reduced crude oil. The recovered stream from this process is used to produce fuel products.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
full forced outage: The net capability of main generating units that are unavailable for load for emergency reasons.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
full power day: The equivalent of 24 hours of full power operation by a reactor. The number of full power days in a specific cycle is the product of the reactor's capacity factor and the length of the cycle.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
full power operation: Operation of a unit at 100 percent of its design capacity. Full-power operation precedes commercial operation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
full requirements consumer: A wholesale consumer without other generating resources whose electric energy seller is the sole source of long-term firm power for the consumer's service area. The terms and conditions of sale are equivalent to the seller's obligations to its own retail service, if any.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
furnace coke plant: A coke plant whose coke production is used primarily by the producing company.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
furnace fan: A fan that forces air through the ducts for a central warm-air furnace.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
furnace: The part of a boiler or warm-air space-heating plant in which combustion takes place.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
furnaces that heat directly, without using steam or hot water (similar to a residential furnace): Furnaces burn natural gas, fuel oil, propane/ butane (bottled gas), or electricity to warm the air. The warmed air is then distributed throughout the building through ducts. Many people use the words "boilers" and "furnaces" interchangeably. They are not the same. We mean that warm air is produced directly by burning some fuel.
Warm-air furnaces typically rely on air ducts to carry the warm air throughout the building. Warm-air furnaces are often built in combination with central air-conditioning systems, so that they can use the same air ducts for both heating or air-conditioning (depending on the season).
Other terms for describing this type of equipment include: "central system," "split system," and "forced air/forces air furnace."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
gallon: A volumetric measure equal to 4 quarts (231 cubic inches) used to measure fuel oil. One barrel equals 42 gallons. (See Barrel.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
garage: A space large enough to accommodate a car, with a door opening at least six feet wide and seven feet high. "Attached" means it is under part or all of the house or it shares part of a wall in common with the house. Not included are carports, barns, or buildings (not connected to the house) or storage space for golf carts or motorcycles.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
gas air conditioning: Cooling and dehumidification of the air in a building by a refrigeration unit driven by gas (either natural gas or LPG). These are extremely rare. (See Refrigeration Unit.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
gas condensate well: A gas well that produces from a gas reservoir containing considerable quantities of liquid hydrocarbons in the pentane and heavier range generally described as "condensate."
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
gas cooled fast breeder reactor (GCFB): A fast breeder reactor that is cooled by a gas (usually helium) under pressure.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
gas oil (1): A liquid petroleum distillate with a viscosity between that of kerosene and lubricating oil. The "gas oil" name is derived from the original use of these oils in the manufacture of illuminating gas. Gas oils are now used to produce distillate fuel oils and gasoline. Included are:
Heavy Gas Oils. Petroleum distillates with an approximate boiling range from 651 to 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
Light Gas Oils. Liquid petroleum distillates heavier than naphtha with an approximate boiling range from 401 to 650 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
gas oil (2): European designation for No. 2 heating oil, and diesel fuel.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
gas oil +: A liquid petroleum distillate having a viscosity intermediate between that of kerosene and lubricating oil. It derives its name from having originally been used in the manufacture of illuminating gas. It is now used to produce distillate fuel oils and gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
gas paid by household: The household paid the utility company directly for all household uses of natural gas (such as water heating, space heating, air conditioning, cooking, and operating appliances including outdoor gas lights). Bills paid by a third party are not counted as paid by the householder. (See Fuel.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
gas plant operator: Any firm, including a gas plant owner, which operates a gas plant and keeps the gas plant records. A gas plant is a facility in which natural gas liquids are separated from natural gas or in which natural gas liquids are fractionated or otherwise separated into natural gas liquid products or both.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
gas processing unit: A facility designed to recover natural gas liquids from a stream of natural gas that may or may not have passed through lease separators and/or field separation facilties. Another function of natural gas processing plants is to control the quality of the processed natural gas stream. Cycling plants are considered natural gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23
gas supply: The dedicated, recoverable, salable natural gas, including liquefied natural gas (LNG), synthetic natural gas (SNG), and coal gas available to a reporting company from the following:
- company owned reserves
- independent producer contracts
- LNG contracts
- SNG contracts
- gas purchase contracts with other pipeline companies
- commitments with foreign suppliers
- coal gasification contracts
- recoverable gas in underground storage
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167
gas transported for the account of others: (See Transported Gas.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
gas turbine plant: A plant in which the prime mover is a gas turbine. A gas turbine consists typically of an axial-flow air compressor and one or more combustion chambers where liquid or gaseous fuel is burned and the hot gases are passed to the turbine and where the hot gases expand drive the generator and are then used to run the compressor.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
gas well productivity: Derived annually by dividing gross natural gas withdrawals from gas wells by the number of producing gas wells on December 31 and then dividing the quotient by the number of days in the year.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
gas well: A well completed for production of natural gas from one or more gas zones or reservoirs. Such wells contain no completions for the production of crude oil.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0384*
gas: A non-solid, non-liquid combustible energy source that includes natural gas, coke-oven gas, blast-furnace gas, and refinery gas.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-767, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline (leaded or unleaded) and alcohol (generally ethanol but sometimes methanol) limited to 10 percent volume of alcohol. Gasohol is included in finished leaded and unleaded motor gasoline. (See Gasoline.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, EIA-457A/H, EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0202*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0464*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
gasoline (aviation): All special grades of gasoline for use in aviation reciprocating engines, as given in ASTM Specification D910 and Military Specification MIL-G5572. Excludes blending components, which will be used in blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
gasoline blending components: Naphthas which will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation or motor gasoline (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545*
gasoline motor, (leaded): Contains more than 0.05 grams of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon. The actual lead content of any given gallon may vary. Premium and regular grades are included, depending on the octane rating. Includes leaded gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
gasoline motor, (unleaded): Contains not more than 0.05 grams of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon. Premium and regular grades are included, depending on the octane rating. Includes unleaded gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
gasoline: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives, obtained by blending appropriate refinery streams to form a fuel suitable for use in spark ignition engines. Motor gasoline includes both leaded or unleaded grades of finished gasoline, blending components, and gasohol.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464
gatherer: A company primarily engaged in the gathering of natural gas from well or field lines for delivery, for a fee, to a natural gas processing plant or central point. Gathering companies may also provide compression, dehydration, and/or treating services.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
general assistance and other public assistance: General assistance programs are state and local programs that provide cash assistance to persons not eligible for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and to persons out of work who cannot qualify for unemployment insurance or whose benefits under that program are inadequate or have been exhausted. State and local General Assistance programs are generally more limited than are the Federally aided assistance programs because of the duration and amount of assistance paid. General assistance programs are often called by names other than general assistance, such as general relief, public assistance, etc. Other public assistance includes those forms of welfare assistance that cannot be included under one of the other public assistance items and could include such programs as (1) Emergency assistance that provides temporary aid for 1 month out of a 12-month period in 29 states for families who have children under age 21 and who experience an acute financial emergency; (2) Cuban refugee assistance (especially in Florida); or (3) Indian assistance (on reservations or Indian lands). Exclude food, food stamps, clothing, or other nonmonetary receipts from other public assistance.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
general information DSM program assistance: This DSM program assistance refers to efforts of a DSM sponsor to inform consumers about DSM options through such mechanisms as brochures, bill stuffers, and workshops. (See DSM Program Assistance.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP): Defined by the FASB as the conventions, rules, and procedures necessary to define accepted accounting practice at a particular time, includes both broad guidelines and relatively detailed practices and procedures.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
generating capacity: The total of manufacturer's generator nameplate ratings at end of reporting week, exclusive of auxiliary or house units.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-20
generating station: A station that consists of electric generators and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, or nuclear energy into electric energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
generating unit: Any combination of physically connected generators, reactors, boilers, combustion turbines, and other prime movers operated together to produce electric power.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
generation (electricity): The process of producing electrical energy by transforming other forms of energy; also the amount of electrical energy produced, expressed in watthours (Wh).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0436*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
generation (gross): The total amount of electric energy produced by the generating units in a generating station or stations, measured at the generator terminals.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
generation (net): Gross generation less the electrical energy consumed at the generating station for station use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
generation: The process of producing electric energy by transforming other forms of energy; also, the amount of electric energy produced, expressed in kilowatthours.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531
generator nameplate capacity +: The full-load continuous rating of a generator under specified conditions as designated by the manufacturer. Generator nameplate capacity is usually indicated on a nameplate attached physically to the equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
generator nameplate capacity: The full-load continuous rating of a generator, prime mover, or other electric power production equipment under specific conditions as designated by the manufacturer. Installed generator nameplate rating is usually indicated on a nameplate physically attached to the generator.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-759, EIA-860, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
generator: A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
geological and geophysical (G&G) costs: Costs incurred in making geological and geophysical studies, including, but not limited to, costs incurred for salaries, equipment, obtaining rights of access, and supplies for scouts, geologists, and geophysical crews.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
geothermal electric power generation: Electricity derived from heat found under the earth's surface. Within the earth are vast amounts of molten rock and metal, covered by succeeding layers of cooler material, up to the crust of the earth's surface. Underground rivers generate steam that is liberated in the form of geysers through fissures in the earth's surface.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
geothermal energy (as used at electric utilities): Hot water or steam extracted from geothermal reservoirs in the earth's crust that is supplied to steam turbines at electric utilities that drive generators to produce electricity.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384*
geothermal energy: Geothermal energy is the use of energy that is found within the earth's crust--that is, the thermal energy in rock and the water or stream that fills the rock. In commercial buildings, the water or steam produced from geothermal energy can be used in space heating, domestic hot water heating, and space cooling.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0552*
geothermal plant: A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine. The turbine is driven either by steam produced from hot water or by natural steam that derives its energy from heat found in rocks or fluids at various depths beneath the surface of the earth. The energy is extracted by drilling and/or pumping.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
gigawatt (GW): One billion watts or one thousand megawatts. (See Watt.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
gigawatt-electric (GWE): One billion watts of electric capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0531
gigawatthour (GWh): One billion watthours. (See Watthour.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-80
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
government-owned stocks: Oil stocks owned by the national government and held for national security. In the United States, these stocks are known as the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0520
government-owned: Owned by a Federal, state, or local government agency. The building may be occupied by agencies of more than one government and may also be shared with nongovernment establishments.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
government: Photovoltaic modules or cells employed to produce power for any branch of the Federal, state, and local government (including the military and including such uses as research, development, and demonstration projects).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
gpmr (gallons per mile ratio): (See MPG Shortfall.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
great lakes (method of transportation to consumers): Shipments of coal moved to consumers via the Great Lakes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
greenhouse effect: The increasing mean global surface temperature of the earth caused by gases in the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate, but absorbs the infrared radiation returning to space.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
grid: The layout of an electrical distribution system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
gross additions to construction work in progress for the month: This amount should include the monthly gross additions for an electric plant in the process of construction.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826
gross company-operated production: Total production from all company-operated properties, including all working and nonworking interests.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
gross domestic product (GDP) implicit price deflator: The implicit price deflator, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, is used to convert nominal figures to real figures.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376
gross domestic product (GDP): The total value of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States. As long as the labor and property are located in the United States, the supplier (that is, the workers and, for property, the owners) may be either U.S. residents or residents of foreign countries.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
gross energy intensity: Total consumption of a particular energy source(s) or fuel(s) by a group of buildings, divided by the total floor space of those buildings, including buildings and floor space where the energy source or fuel is not used, i.e., the ratio of consumption to gross floor space. (See Energy Intensity and Conditional Energy Intensity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
gross generation: The total amount of electric energy produced by a generating facility, as measured at the generator terminals.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0174*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
gross head: A dam's maximum allowed vertical distance between the upstream's surface water (headwater) forebay elevation and the downstream's surface water (tailwater) elevation at the tail-race for reaction wheel dams or the elevation of the jet at impulse wheel dams during specified operation and water conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
gross input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units: Total input to atmospheric crude oil distillation units. Includes all crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas plant liquids, unfinished oils, liquefied refinery gases, slop oils, and other liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
gross inputs: The crude oil, unfinished oils, and natural gas plant liquids put into atmospheric crude oil distillation units.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
gross national product (GNP): The total value of goods and services produced by the nation's economy before deduction of depreciation charges and other allowances for capital consumption. It includes the total purchases of goods and services by private consumers and government, gross private domestic capital investment, and net foreign trade.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035
gross production: Total withdrawals of natural gas from oil/gas and gas reservoirs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR): Vehicle weight plus carrying capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
gross withdrawals: Full well stream volume, including all natural gas plant liquid and nonhydrocarbon gases, but excluding lease condensate. Also includes amounts delivered as royalty payments or consumed in field operations.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-627, DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131*
gross working interest ownership basis: Gross working interest ownership is the respondent's working interest in a given property plus the proportionate share of any royalty interest, including overriding royalty interest, associated with the working interest. (See Working Interest and Royalty Interest (including Overriding Royalty.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
gross working interest: A company's working interest plus the proportionate share of any basic royalty interest or overriding royalty interest related to the working interest. (See Working Interest.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
group name: The DOE/EIA-assigned name identifying a composite supply source (i.e., commonly metered gas streams from more than one field), which is often the case in contract areas, field areas, and plants. A group name can also be a pipeline purchase (i.e., FERC Gas Tariff, Canadian Gas, Mexican Gas, and Algerian LNG). Emergency purchases and short term purchases are also group names. Group Code - The DOE/EIA-
assigned code identifying a composite supply source.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
group quarters: Living arrangement for institutional groups containing ten or more unrelated persons. Group quarters are typically found in hospitals, nursing or rest homes, military barracks, ships, halfway houses, college dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, convents, monasteries, shelters, jails, and correctional institutions. Group quarters may also be found in houses or apartments shared by ten or more unrelated persons. Group quarters are often equipped with a dining area for residents. (See Housing Unit.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
group: A group is a logical grouping of assemblies with similar characteristics. All assemblies in a group have the same initial average enrichment, the same cycle/reactor history, the same current location, the same burnup, the same owner, and the same assembly type.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
gypsum: Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4 2H2O) a sludge constituent from the conventional lime scrubber process, obtained as a byproduct of the dewatering operation and sold for commercial use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
halogen lamp: A type of incandescent lamp that lasts much longer and is more efficient than the common incandescent lamp. The lamp uses a halogen gas, usually iodine or bromine, that causes the evaporating tungsten to be redeposited on the filament, thus prolonging its life. (See Incandescent Lamp.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
hand loading: An underground loading method by which coal is removed from the working face by manual labor through the use of a shovel for conveyance to the surface. Though rapidly disappearing, it is still used in small-tonnage mines.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
haulage cost: Cost of loading ore at a mine site and transporting it to a processing plant.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
hdd: See Heating Degree-Days (HDD).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
head: The product of the water's weight and a usable difference in elevation gives a measurement of the potential energy possessed by water.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
health: Photovoltaic modules/cells used in health/medical applications such as those used for powering medical refrigerators and medical equipment and for water purifications.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
heap leach solutions: The separation, or dissolving-out from mined rock of the soluble uranium constituents by the natural action of percolating a prepared chemical solution through mounded (heaped) rock material. The mounded material usually contains low grade mineralized material and/or waste rock produced from openpit or underground mines. The solutions are collected after percolation is completed and processed to recover the valued components.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
heat content of a quantity of fuel, gross: The total amount of heat released when a fuel is burned. Coal, crude oil, and natural gas all include chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen. When those fuels are burned, the carbon and hydrogen combine with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water. Some of the energy released in burning goes into transforming the water into steam and is usually lost. The amount of heat spent in transforming the water into steam is counted as part of gross heat content but is not counted as part of net heat content. Also referred to as the higher heating value. Btu conversion factors typically used in EIA represent gross heat content.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
heat content of a quantity of fuel, net: The amount of useable heat energy released when a fuel is burned under conditions similar to those in which it is normally used. Also referred to as the lower heating value. Btu conversion factors typically used in EIA represent gross heat content.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
heat content: Measurement: The gross heat content (or heating value), is the number of British thermal units (Btu) produced by the combustion, at constant pressure, of the amount of the gas that would occupy a volume of one cubic foot at a temperature of 60 degrees Fahrenheit, if saturated with water vapor and under a pressure equivalent to 30 inches of mercury at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and under standard gravitational force (980.665 cm per sec².), with air of the same temperature and pressure as the gas, when the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of gas and air and when the water formed by combustion is condensed to the liquid state.
- Reporting: The average number of Btu per cubic foot of gas at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 psia delivered directly to consumers. Where billing was on a thermal basis, the heat content values used for billing purposes are to be used to determine the annual average heat content.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
heat pump (reverse-cycle system): A year-round heating and air-conditioning system in which refrigeration equipment supplies both heating and cooling through ducts leading to individual rooms. A heat pump generally consists of a compressor, both indoor and outdoor coils, and a thermostat.
The heat pump, when attached to a central furnace, is either the main or secondary heating equipment (depending on how often the heat pump operates). If it operates for a short time before the furnace comes on, the heat pump is secondary (or additional) heating equipment. If the heat pump is sufficient to provide the desired warmth, the heat pump is the main heating equipment. Some heat pumps are single-
package systems in which the indoor and outdoor coils are contained in the same unit. A window or wall unit heat pump is a single-package system.
An air-source heat pump, the most common, extracts heat from the outdoor air. When the outdoor air approaches the freezing point (32 degrees Fahrenheit), the system does not work very well and requires a backup heating fuel. Sometimes a light comes on in the house to indicate the backup system is operating. A water-
source heat pump extracts heat from underground water.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
heat pump water heater: Draws heat from the surrounding space and transfers it to the water.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
heat pump: Heating and/or cooling equipment that, during the heating season, draws heat into a building from outside and, during the cooling season, ejects heat from the building to the outside. Heat pumps are vapor-compression refrigeration systems whose indoor/outdoor coils are used reversibly as condensers or evaporators, depending on the need for heating or cooling. (See Cooling, Space Heating, Central Cooling, and HVAC.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
heat pumps for cooling: These are devices that can also be used for heating in cooler weather by absorbing heat from the outside air. They may stand alone or be combined with another type of equipment. Heat pumps are also sometimes known as "reverse-
cycle systems" for the following reasons. Heat pumps can "pump" heat into the building for heating purposes, or "pump" heat out of the building for air-conditioning purposes. Heat pumps vary greatly in appearance. Some look like central air-conditioning systems while others may look like window air conditioners. Heat pumps can exchange heat with outdoor air (i.e., air source heat pumps) or groundwater (i.e., water source heat pumps). Water source heat pumps include hydronic, air-to-water, or ground-
coupled heat pumps. In some commercial buildings, heat pumps are used with water, which circulates around to the various areas of the building. Some areas might pump heat in and out of the water, depending on the need of those specific areas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
heat pumps: These are devices that heat the interior of a building by absorbing heat from the outside air. They may stand alone or be combined with another type of equipment. In warmer weather, they can also be used to cool a building. Other terms that might be used to describe a heat pump are reverse cycle air conditioner, hydronic or water-
source heat pump, ground-coupled heat pump, air-
source heat pump, dual-fuel heat pump, packaged terminal heat pump, unitary heat pump, and split system heat pump. Heat pumps are also sometimes known as "reverse-cycle systems" for the following reasons. Heat pumps can "pump" heat into the building for heating purposes or "pump" heat out of the building for air-
conditioning purposes.
Heat pumps vary greatly in appearance. Some look like central air-conditioning systems while others may look like window air conditioners.
Heat pumps can exchange heat with outdoor air (i.e., air source heat pumps) or groundwater (i.e., water source heat pumps). Water source heat pumps include hydronic, air-to-water, or ground-coupled heat pumps.
In some commercial buildings, heat pumps are used with water, which circulates around to the various areas of the building. Some areas might pump heat in and out of the water, depending on the need of those specific areas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
heat rate: A measure of generating station thermal efficiency, generally expressed in Btu per net kilowatthour. It is computed by dividing the total Btu content of fuel burned for electric generation by the resulting net kilowatthour generation. (See British thermal unit).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0455*
heated area of residence: This area is the portion of the measured square footage of a housing unit that is heated during most of the winter season. Rooms that are shut off during the heating season to save fuel are not counted as heated square footage. Attached garages that are unheated and unheated areas in basements and attics are not counted as heated square feet. (See Square Feet.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
heated floorspace: (See Floorspace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
heated: A room or space warmed by space-heating equipment. Basements and other areas where the space-heating equipment or heating ducts are located may be considered heated if they are warm enough to sit, work, or play in during the winter months. If a housing unit has no space-
heating equipment, then there are no heated areas in the housing unit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
heating degree-days (HDD): A measure of how cold a location was over a period of time relative to a base temperature. The heating degree-days for a single day is the difference between the base temperature and the day's average temperature if the daily average is less than the base and zero if the daily average temperature is greater than or equal to the base temperature. The heating degree-days for a longer period of time is the sum of the daily heating degree-days for days in that period. (See Cooling Degree-Days (CDD), Climate Zone, and NOAA Division.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*
heating degree-days: The number of degrees per day the daily average temperature is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit. The daily average temperature is the mean of the maximum and minimum temperature for a 24-hour period.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0538
heating distribution equipment: The part of a heating system that distributes conditioned water and/or air throughout a building by means of pipes, ducts, or fans. Often the distribution equipment serves both heating and cooling.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
heating equipment (1): The equipment used for heating ambient air in the housing unit such as: central warm-air furnace; heat pump; built-in electric units; steam or hot-water system; floor, wall, or pipeless furnace; heating stove; room heater; fireplace; and portable heater. A "cooking stove" may be used as the main space-heating equipment even though it was built for preparing food. (See also description of specific types of space-heating equipment; Central Warm-Air Furnace; Heat Pump; Built-In Electric Units; Steam or Hot-Water System; Floor, Wall or Pipeless Furnace; Heating Stove, Burning Wood, Coal, and Coke; Room Heater Burning Gas, Oil, and Kerosene.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
heating equipment (2): The equipment used for heating ambient air in the building, such as a heat pump, furnace, individual space heater, district steam or hot water piped in from outside the building, boiler and packaged heating units. (See Heating Distribution Equipment and also descriptions of specific types of space- heating equipment; Boiler; Furnace; Heat Pump; Individual Space Heater; and Packaged Heating Units.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
heating intensity: The ratio of space-heating consumption or expenditures to square footage of heated floor space and heating degree-days (base 65 degrees Fahrenheit). This ratio provides a way of comparing different types of housing units and households by controlling for differences in housing unit size and weather conditions. The square footage of heated floor space is based on the measurements of the floor space that is heated. The ratio is calculated on a weighted, aggregate basis according to the following formula: Heating Intensity = Btu for Space Heating / (Heated Square Feet * Heating Degree-
Days)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
heating or reheating coils: (See Reheating Coils.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
heating stove, burning wood, coal, and coke: Any free-standing box or controlled-draft stove or a stove installed in a fireplace opening, using the chimney of the fireplace. Stoves are made of cast iron, sheet metal, or plate steel. Free-standing fireplaces that can be detached from their chimneys are considered heating stoves.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
heating value: The average number of British thermal units per cubic foot of natural gas as determined from tests of fuel samples.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
heating: (See Space Heating)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
heavy gas oil: Petroleum distillates with an approximate boiling range from 651 degrees to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
heavy oil: The fuel oils remaining after the lighter oils have been distilled off during the refining process. Except for start-up and flame stabilization, virtually all petroleum used in steam plants is heavy oil. Includes fuel oil numbers 4, 5, and 6; crude; and topped crude.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
heavy rail: An electric railway with the capacity for a "heavy volume" of traffic and characterized by exclusive rights-of-way, multi-car trains, high speed and rapid acceleration, sophisticated signaling, and high platform loading. Also known as "subway," elevated (railway), "metropolitan railway (metro)."
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
heavy water: Water containing a significantly greater proportion of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) atoms to ordinary hydrogen atoms than is found in ordinary (light) water. Heavy water is used as a moderator in some reactors because it slows neutrons effectively and also has a low cross section for absorption of neutrons.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
heavy-water-moderated reactor: A reactor that uses heavy water as its moderator. Heavy water is an excellent moderator and thus permits the use of inexpensive natural (unenriched) uranium as fuel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
hid: (See High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamp.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
high efficiency (replacement main heating equipment): Perception of the efficiency level of new main heating equipment purchased since September 1, 1987.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
high efficiency ballast: A lighting conservation feature consisting of an energy-efficient version of a conventional electromagnetic ballast. The ballast is the transformer for fluorescent and HID lamps, which provides the necessary current, voltage, and wave-form conditions to operate the lamp. A high-
efficiency ballast requires lower power input than a conventional ballast to operate HID and fluorescent lamps.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
high efficiency lighting: Lighting provided by high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps and/or fluorescent lamps. (See High-
Intensity Discharge (HID) Lamp and Fluorescent Lamp.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
high volatile (specific sub-group unknown): (See Bituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
high volatile A bituminous coal: (See Bituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
high volatile B bituminous coal: (See Bituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
high volatile C bituminous coal: (See Bituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
high-intensity discharge (HID) lamp: A lamp that produces light by passing electricity through gas, which causes the gas to glow. Examples of HID lamps are mercury vapor lamps, metal halide lamps, and high-pressure sodium lamps. HID lamps have extremely long life and emit far more lumens per fixture than do fluorescent lights.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
high-intensity discharge (HID) lights: A general group of lamps consisting of mercury vapor, metal halide and high-pressure solium. HID lamps are generally large and are found in high ceiling areas such as auditoriums, gymnasiums, warehouses and outdoors. The term does not refer to the small high-density desktop lights.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
high-mileage households: Households with estimated aggregate annual vehicle mileage that exceeds 12,500 miles.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
high-temperature collector: A solar thermal collector designed to operate at a temperature of 180 degrees Fahrenheit or higher.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B, DOE/EIA-0174
hinshaw pipeline: A pipeline or local distribution company that has received exemptions from regulations pursuant to the Natural Gas Act. These companies transport interstate natural gas not subject to regulations under NGA.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
hispanic: A person of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race.
OPI: EI-60,EI-70
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*, OMBDirective15
historical plant cost of equipment: The charges for equipment assigned to power production include the net purchased price thereof; sales taxes; investigation and inspection expenses necessary for such purchases; any expenses of transportation when borne by the utility; labor-employed charges; materials and supplies consumed; and expenses incurred by the utility in unloading and placing the equipment in readiness to operate.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
historical plant cost of land and land rights: The cost of land purchased or the fees paid by the utility for rights, interests, and privileges to be held by the utility in land owned by others. The types of rights acquired include leaseholds, easements, water and water power rights, rights-of-way, and other like interests.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
historical plant cost of plant: The net cumulative-to-date actual outlays or expenditures for land and land rights, structures and improvements, and equipment for a facility. When the consideration given for property is other than cash, the value of such consideration is determined on a cash basis. These expenditures represent the capital cash for the years in which the expenditures were made.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
historical plant cost of structures and improvements (expenses): The cost of all buildings and facilities to house, support, or safeguard property or persons, including all fixtures permanently attached to and made a part of a building. Also includes the cost incurred in connection with the first clearing and grading of land and rights-of-way.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
holding company: A company that confines its activities to owning stock in and supervising management of other companies. The Securities and Exchange Commission, as administrator of the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, defines a holding company as "a company which directly or indirectly owns, controls or holds 10 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of a holding company" (15 USC 79b, par. a (7)).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0191
horsepower: A unit for measuring the rate of work (or power) equivalent to 33,000 foot-pounds per minute or 746 watts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0531
host government: The government (including any government-
controlled firm engaged in the production, refining, or marketing of crude oil or petroleum products) of the foreign country in which the crude oil is produced.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
hot deck imputation: A statistical procedure for deriving a probable response to a questionnaire item, where no response was given during the survey. To perform this procedure, an analyst sorts the responses by variables related to the missing item. Thus, a series of sort categories are formed, which are internally homogeneous with respect to the sort variables. Within each category, responses for which the questionnaire item is not missing are randomly selected to serve as "donors" to supply values for the missing item of "recipient" responses. See imputation.
OPI: EI-60,EI-70
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
hot tub: Water-filled wood, plastic, or ceramic container in which up to 12 people can lounge. Normally equipped with a heater that heats the water from 80 degrees to 106 degrees Fahrenheit. It may also have jets to bubble the water. The water is not drained after each use. An average-size hot tub holds 200 to 400 gallons of water. All reported hot tubs are assumed to include an electric pump. These are also called spas or jacuzzis.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
hours under load: The hours the boiler is operating to drive the generator producing electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
household energy expenditures: The total amount of funds spent for energy consumed in, or delivered to, a housing unit during a given period of time. (See Combined Household Energy Expenditures.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
household member: (See Household.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
household: A family, an individual, or a group of up to nine unrelated persons occupying the same housing unit. "Occupy" means the housing unit is the person's usual or permanent place of residence. Household members include babies, lodgers, boarders, employed persons who live in the housing unit, and persons who usually live in the household but are away traveling or in a hospital. The household does not include persons who are normally members of the household but who were away from home as college students or members of the armed forces at the time of the contact. The household does not include persons temporarily visiting with the household if they have a place of residence elsewhere, persons who take their meals with the household but usually lodge or sleep elsewhere, domestic employees or other persons employed by the household who do not sleep in the same housing unit, or persons who are former members of the household, but have since become inmates of correction or penal institutions, mental institutions, homes for the aged or needy, homes or hospitals for the chronically ill or handicapped, nursing homes, convents or monasteries, or other places in which residents may remain for long periods of time. (See Primary Residence.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0464*
householder: The person (or one of the people) in whose name the home is owned or rented. If there is no lease or similar agreement or if the person who owns the home or pays the rent does not live in the housing unit, the householder is the person responsible for paying the household bills, or whoever is generally in charge.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464
housing structure: One of four structural types used to categorize the building in which the housing unit is located. The types of structure are as follows:
Single-family housing unit--a structure that provides living space for one household or family. The structure may be detached, attached on one side (semidetached), or attached on two sides. Attached houses are considered single- family houses as long as the house itself is not divided into more than one housing unit and has an independent outside entrance. A single- family is contained within walls that go from the basement (or the ground floor, if there is no basement) to the roof. (A mobile home with one or more rooms added is classified as a single-family home.)
House or building with two to four housing units--a structure that is divided into living quarters for two, three, or four families or households. This category also includes houses originally intended for occupancy by one family (or for some other use) that have since been converted to separate dwellings for two to four families. Typical arrangements in these types of living quarters are separate apartments downstairs and upstairs, or one apartment on each of three or four floors.
Building with five or more housing units --a structure that contains living quarters for five or more households or families.
Mobile home or trailer--a structure that has all the facilities of a dwelling unit but is built on a movable chassis. It may be placed on a permanent or temporary foundation and may contain one room or more. If rooms are added to the structure, it is considered a single-family housing unit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
housing unit record sheet: A form completed for each housing unit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
housing unit: A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room if it is either occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters by a family, an individual, or a group of one to nine unrelated persons. Separate living quarters means the occupants (1) live and eat separately from other persons in the house or apartment and (2) have direct access from the outside of the buildings or through a common hall--that is, they can get to it without going through someone else's living quarters. Housing units do not include group quarters such as prisons or nursing homes where ten or more unrelated persons live. A common dining area used by residents is an indication of group quarters. Hotel and motel rooms are considered housing units if occupied as the usual or permanent place of residence. (See Primary Residence, Group Quarters, Year-Round Units, Seasonal Units, and Migratory Units.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0464*
humidifier: A humidifer adds moisture to the air (often needed in winter when indoor air is very dry). It may be a portable unit or attached to the heating system.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
humidity: The moisture content of air. Relative humidity is the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the greatest amount possible at the same temperature. (See Dehumidifier and Humidifier.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
hvac conservation feature: A building feature designed to reduce the amount of energy consumed by the heating, cooling, and ventilating equipment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
hvac dsm program: A DSM program designed to promote the efficiency of the heating or cooling delivery system, including replacement. Includes ventilation (economizers; heat recovery from exhaust air), cooling (evaporative cooling, cool storage; heat recovery from chillers; high-
efficiency air conditioning), heating, and automatic energy management systems. (See DSM Programs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
hvac maintenance: (See Preventive Maintenance Program for Heating and/or Cooling Equipment.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
hvac: An abbreviation for the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system; the system or systems that condition air in a building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
hybrid transmission line: A double-circuit line that has one alternating current and one direct circuit. The AC circuit usually serves local loads along the line.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
hydraulic head: The distance between the respective elevations of the upstream water surface (headwater) above and the downstream surface water (tailwater) below a hydroelectric power plant.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
hydrocarbon: An organic chemical compound of hydrogen and carbon in the gaseous, liquid, or solid phase. The molecular structure of hydrocarbon compounds varies from the simplest (methane, a constituent of natural gas) to the very heavy and very complex.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0384*
hydrocracking: (See Catalytic Hydrocracking.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
hydroelectric energy: The production of electricity from kinetic energy in flowing water.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
hydroelectric plant capacity: This capacity figure is a function of fluid flow losses, hydraulic turbines, head, and water flow. The minimum net head limits the firm capacity of the plant.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
hydroelectric plant: A plant in which the turbine generators are driven by falling water.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
hydroelectric power plant: A plant in which the turbine generators are driven by falling water.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
hydroelectric power production: Electricity generated by an electric power plant whose turbines are driven by falling water. It includes electric utility and industrial generation of hydroelectricity, unless otherwise specified. Generation is reported on a net basis, i.e., on the amount of electric energy generated after the electric energy consumed by station auxiliaries and the losses in the transformers that are considered integral parts of the station are deducted.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
hydroelectric power: The harnessing of flowing water to produce mechanical or electrical energy.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0552*
hydroelectric project: The complete development of a hydroelectric power site. This includes dams, reservoirs, transmission lines, and accessories needed for the maintenance and operation of the powerhouse and any other hydroelectric plant support facilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
hydrogen (H2): A colorless, odorless, highly flammable gaseous element; the lightest of all gases and the most abundant element in the universe.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
hydrogen: The lightest of all gases, occurring chiefly in combination with oxygen in water; exists also in acids, bases, alcohols, petroleum, and other hydrocarbons.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0545, DOE/EIA-0552*
hydrotreating: (See Catalytic Hydrotreating.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
identified resources: Coal deposits whose location, rank, quality, and quantity are known from geologic evidence supported by engineering measurements. Included are beds of bituminous coal and anthracite (14 or more inches thick) and beds of subbituminous coal and lignite (30 or more inches thick) that occur at depths to 6,000 feet. The existence and quantity of these beds have been delineated within specified degrees of geologic assurance as measured, indicated, or inferred. Also included are thinner and/or deeper beds that presently are being mined or for which there is evidence that they could be mined commercially.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
idle capacity: The component of operable capacity that is not in operation and not under active repair, but capable of being placed in operation within 30 days; and capacity not in operation but under active repair that can be completed within 90 days.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
impedance: The opposition to power flow in an AC circuit. Also, any device that introduces such opposition in the form of resistance, reactance, or both. The impedance of a circuit or device is measured as the ratio of voltage to current, where a sinusoidal voltage and current of the same frequency are used for the measurement; it is measured in ohms.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
import (solar): A shipment of solar thermal collectors and/or photovoltaic devices into the United States and any of its territories from foreign countries.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
import contract: Gas supply contracted from and volumes of gas purchased from a foreign supplier.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
imported crude oil burned as fuel: The amount of foreign crude oil burned as a fuel oil, usually as residual fuel oil, without being processed as such. Imported crude oil burned as fuel includes lease condensate and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, gilsonite, and oil shale.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
imports (1): Receipts of goods into the 50 states and the District of Columbia from foreign countries, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. possessions and territories.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, FPC-14, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0545
imports (2): Solar collectors only, manufactured outside of the United States and shipped into the United States.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A
imports (3): Photovoltaic modules/cells manufactured outside of the United States and shipped into the United States from another country.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
imports (4): Gas receipts into the United States from a foreign country.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131
improved recovery (1): The operation whereby crude oil or natural gas is recovered using any method other than those that rely primarily on the use of natural reservoir pressure, gas lift, or the use of a pump.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206
improved recovery (2): Changes in reserve estimates resulting from application of improved recovery techniques shall be separately shown if significant. If not significant such changes shall be included in revisions of previous estimates.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
imputation: A group of statistical techniques for estimating probable responses to questionnaire items, where no responses or poor quality responses were given during a survey. The techniques are designed to minimize the bias of estimates based on the filled-in data set. Three common techniques are "hot-deck," "regression," and "predictive mean matching." (See Hot Deck Imputation, Cold Deck Imputation, and Regression Imputation.)
OPI: EI-60,EI-70
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
in scope: Meeting the requirements for eligibility in the CBECS, and, therefore, included in the population covered by the survey. For the 1989 survey, these eligibility requirements were (a) that the structure be a building, according to the CBECS definition; (b) that the building be larger than 1,000 square feet; and (c) that more than 50 percent of the floorspace be used for commercial activities. (See Building, Commercial, and Floorspace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
in situ leach mining (ISL): The recovery, by chemical leaching, of the valuable components of an orebody without physical extraction of the ore from the ground. Also referred to as "solution mining."
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
in situ mining: The recovery, by chemical leaching, of the valuable components of a mineral deposit without physical extraction of the mineralized rock from the ground. Also referred to as "solution mining".
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
in use MPG: An MPG that was adjusted for seasonality and annual miles traveled.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
in-house DSM program sponsor: The building's owner or management encourages consumers in the building to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy costs, change timing or energy usage, or promote the use of a different energy source by sponsoring its own DSM programs. (See DSM Program Sponsor.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
in-use: Implies that a vehicle is: 1. Registered with the Government of one or more States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands; or 2. The vehicle is owned or operated by a Government or military organization within the United States that is not required to register vehicles with the Government agencies listed under 1 above. For example, civilian Federal vehicles are generally not required to register with the State Government in which they are assigned.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
inadvertent power exchange: An unintended power exchange among utilities that is either not previously agreed upon or in an amount different from the amount agreed upon.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
incandescent lamp: A lamp that produces light by electrically heating a filament so that it glows. Included in this category are the familiar household light bulbs that screw into sockets, as well as energy-efficient incandescent bulbs such as tungsten halogen (spotlights), reflector or r-
lamps (accent and task lighting), parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR) lamps (flood and spot lighting), and ellipsoidal reflector (ER) lamps (recessed lighting). (See Lamp.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
incandescent lamps: Incandescent lamps are the most common and least energy-efficient household lamp. Electricity runs through a tungsten filament that glows and produces a soft, warm light. Because so much of the energy used is lost as heat, these are highly inefficient sources of light. These common general-service lamps emit light in all directions. Incandescent reflector lamps provide directed lighting used in track lights and outdoor spotlighting. (See Halogen Lamp.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
incandescent light bulbs, including regular or energy-efficient light bulbs: An incandescent bulb is a type of electric light in which light is produced by a filament heated by electric current. The most common example is the type you find in most table and floor lamps. In commercial buildings, incandescent lights are used for display lights in retail stores, hotels and motels. This includes the very small, high-
intensity track light used to display merchandise or provide spot illumination in restaurants. Energy efficient light blubs, known as "watt-savers," use less energy than a standard incandescent bulb. "Long-life" bulbs, bulbs that last longer than standard incandescent but produce considerably less light, are not considered energy-efficient bulbs. This category also includes halogen lamps. Halogen lamps are a special type of incandescent lamp containing halogen gas to produce a brighter, whiter light than standard incandescent. Halogen lamps come in three styles: bulbs, models with reflectors, and infrared models with reflectors. Halogen lamps are especially suited to recessed or "canned fixtures," track lights, and outdoor lights.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*
incentives DSM program assistance: This DSM program assistance offers monetary or non-monetary awards to encourage consumers to buy energy-efficient equipment and to participate in programs designed to reduce energy usage. Examples of incentives are zero or low-interest loans, rebates, and direct installation of low cost measures, such as water heater wraps or duct work for distributing the cool air; the units condition air only in the room or areas where they are located. (See Cooling.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
incremental energy costs: The additional cost of producing and/or transmitting electric energy above some previously determined base cost.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
independent power producer (IPP): Wholesale electricity producers (other than qualifying facilities under the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA)), that are unaffiliated with franchised utilities in the area in which the IPPs are selling power and that lack significant marketing power. Unlike traditional utilities, IPPs do not possess transmission facilities that are essential to their customers and do not sell power in any retail service territory where they have a franchise.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
independent producer/operator: A company that operates a coal mining operation and has no subsidiaries or parent companies and is not a contractor.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A
independent producer: Any person who is engaged in the production or gathering of natural gas and who sells natural gas in interstate commerce for resale, but who is not engaged in the transportation of natural gas (other than gathering) by pipeline in interstate commerce.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0167
indicated additional reserves of crude oil: Quantities of crude oil (other than proved reserves) that may become economically recoverable from existing productive reservoirs through the application of improved recovery techniques using current technology. These recovery techniques may: 1. already be installed in the reservoir, but their effects are not yet known to the degree necessary to classify the additional reserves as proved, or 2. be installed in another similar reservoir, where the results of that installation can be used to estimate the indicated additional reserves. Indicated additional reserves are not included in proved reserves due to their uncertain economic recoverability. When economic recoverability is demonstrated, the indicated additional reserves must be transferred to proved reserves as positive revisions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216, DOE/EIA-0545
indicated resources, coal: Coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity are based partly on sample analyses and measurements and partly on reasonable geologic projections. Indicated resources are computed partly from specified measurements and partly from projection of visible data for a reasonable distance on the basis of geologic evidence. The points of observation are 1/2 to 1-1/2 miles apart. Indicated coal is projected to extend as a 1/2-mile-wide belt that lies more than 1/4 mile from the outcrop, points of observation, or measurement.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0384
indicator variable: A variable that is equal to either zero or one. The variable equals one when a set of conditions is met and equals zero when the set of conditions is not met. In particular, the variable "indicates" that the conditions have been met when the variable equals one.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
indirect cost: Costs not directly related to mining or milling operations, such as overhead, insurance, security, office expenses, property taxes, and similar administrative expenses.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
individual air conditioners in walls or windows: Self-contained air-conditioning units installed in either walls or windows (with heat-radiating condensers exposed to the outdoor air). These units are characterized by a lack of pipes or duct work for distributing the cool air; the units condition air only in the room or areas where they are located. (See Cooling.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
individual room air conditioners mounted in a window or wall: These include the familiar window or wall-
mounted air conditioners that usually use electricity or, less frequently, natural gas. These air conditioners are characterized by a lack of pipes or duct work for distributing the cool air, but rather, they air-condition only the room or rooms where they are located.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
individual space heater: A free-standing or self-contained unit that generates and delivers heat to a local zone within the building. The heater may be permanently mounted in a wall or floor or may be portable. Examples of individual space heaters include electric baseboards, electric radiant or quartz heaters, heating panels, gas- or kerosene-fired unit heaters, wood stoves, and infrared radiant heaters. These heaters are characterized by a lack of pipes or duct work for distributing hot water, steam, or warm air through the building. (See Electric Baseboard.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
industrial (1): Firms engaged in mining, construction, or manufacturing.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
industrial (2): Photovoltaic modules employed to produce power for industrial applications. Includes both grid and non-grid connected systems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
industrial (3): The industrial sector is generally defined as manufacturing, construction, mining, agriculture, fishing, and forestry establishments (Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 01-39). The utility may classify industrial service using the SIC codes or based on demand or annual usage exceeding some specified limit. The limit may be set by the utility based on the rate schedule of the utility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
industrial (electricity): The industrial sector is generally defined as manufacturing, construction, mining, agriculture, fishing, and forestry establishments (Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 01-39). The utility may classify industrial service using the SIC codes or based on demand or annual usage exceeding some specified limit. The limit may be set by the utility based on the rate schedules of the utility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826
industrial consumers: Establishments engaged in a process that creates or changes raw or unfinished materials into another form or product. Also included in this category are consumers engaged in minerals extraction or the construction industry.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0131
industrial consumption: Natural gas used by manufacturing and mining establishments for heat, power, and chemical feedstock.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538
industrial sector: The industrial sector comprises manufacturing industries, which make up the largest part of the sector, along with mining, construction, agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Establishments in the sector range from steel mills and small farms to companies assembling electronic components. The SIC codes used to classify establishments as industrial are 1 through 39.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0540*, DOE/EIA-0552*
industrial use: Includes sales to mines, smelters, and plants engaged in producing manufactured products, processing, and assembling goods, etc. Also includes space heating. Excludes oil company use.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
inferred resources: Coal in unexplored extensions of demonstrated resources for which estimates of the quality and size are based on geologic evidence and projection. Quantitative estimates are based largely on broad knowledge of the geologic character of the bed or region and where few measurements of bed thickness are available. The estimates are based primarily on an assumed continuation from demonstrated coal for which there is geologic evidence. The points of observation are 1-1/2 to 6 miles apart. Inferred coal is projected to extend as a 2-1/4-mile wide belt that lies more than 3/4 mile from the outcrop, points of observation, or measurement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
initial enrichment: Average enrichment for a fresh fuel assembly as specified and ordered in fuel cycle planning. This average should include axial blankets and axially and radially zoned enrichments.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
initial loading weight: Average weight in kilograms (kg) of uranium of fresh fuel assemblies in a batch before they are inserted into the reactor core.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
initial operation: First availability of a newly constructed unit to provide power to the grid. For a nuclear unit, this time is when the Full Power Operating License for the unit is received.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860
injections: Natural gas injected into storage reservoirs.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191
installed capacity: The maximum load that a generating unit, generating station, or other electrical apparatus can carry under specified conditions for a given period of time and not be limited by existing service conditions.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
installed nameplate capacity: The full-load continuous rating of a generator, prime mover, or other electrical equipment under specified conditions as designated by the manufacturer. Installed nameplate capacity is usually indicated on a nameplate attached physically to the equipment. Installed station capacity does not include auxiliary or house units.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
instantaneous peak demand: The maximum demand at the instant of greatest load.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
instantaneous water heater: Also called a "tankless" or "point-of-use" water heater. The water is heated at the point of use as it is needed.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
insulation around heating and/or cooling ducts: Extra insulation around the heating and/or cooling ducts intended to reduce the loss of hot or cold air as it travels to different parts of the residence.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
insulation around hot-water pipes: Wrapping of insulating material around hot-water pipes to reduce the loss of heat through the pipes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
insulation around water heater: Blanket insulation wrapped around the water heater to reduce loss of heat. To qualify under this definition, this wrapping must be in addition to any insulation provided by the manufacturer.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
insulation: Any material or substance that provides a high resistance to the flow of heat from one surface to another. The different types include blanket or batt, foam, or loose fill, which are used to reduce heat transfer by conduction. Dead air space is an insulating medium in storm windows and storms as it reduces passage of heat through conduction and convection. Reflective materials are used to reduce heat transfer by radiation. (See Insulation Around Heating and/or Cooling Ducts, Insulation Around Water Heater, and Insulation Around Hot-Water Pipes.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
insulator: A material that is a very poor conductor of electricity. The insulating material is usually a ceramic or fiberglass when used in the transmission line and is designed to support a conductor physically and to separate it electrically from other conductors and supporting material.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
intangible drilling and development costs (IDC): Costs incurred in preparing well locations, drilling and deepening wells, and preparing wells for initial production up through the point of installing control valves. None of these functions, because of their nature, have salvage value. Such costs would include labor, transportation, consumable supplies, drilling tool rentals, site clearance, and similar costs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
integral collector storage (ICS): A solar thermal collector in which incident solar radiation is absorbed directly by the storage medium.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0174
integrated demand: The summation of the continuously varying instantaneous demand averaged over a specified interval of time. The information is usually determined by examining a demand meter.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0226
integrated gasification-combined cycle technology: Coal, water, and oxygen are fed to gasifier, which produces syngas. This medium-Btu gas is cleaned (particulates and sulfur compounds removed) and is fed to a gas turbine. The hot exhaust of the gas turbine and heat recovered from the gasification process are routed through a heat-recovery routed through a heat-recovery generator to produce steam, which drives a steam turbine to produce electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
intensity per hour: Total consumption of a particular fuel(s) divided by the total floor space of buildings that use the fuel(s) divided by total annual hours of operation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
intensity: The amount of a quantity per unit floor space. This method adjusts either the amount of energy consumed or expenditures spent, for the effects of various building characteristics, such as size of the building, number of workers, or number of operating hours, to facilitate comparisons of energy across time, fuels, and buildings. (See Conditional Energy Intensity, Energy Intensity, Expenditures per Square Foot, Gross Energy Intensity, Intensity per Hour, and Peak Intensity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
interchange energy: Kilowatthours delivered to or received by one electric utility or pooling system from another. Settlement may be payment, returned in kind at a later time, or accumulated as energy balances until the end of the stated period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
intercity bus: A bus designed for high speed, long distance travel; equipped with front doors only, high backed seats, and usually restroom facilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
interconnected system: A system consisting of two or more individual power systems normally operating with connecting tie lines.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
interconnection: Two or more electric systems having a common transmission line that permits a flow of energy between them. The physical connection of the electric power transmission facilities allows for the sale or exchange of energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531*
interdepartmental sales: Includes amounts charged by the electric department at tariff or other specified rates for electricity supplied by it to other utility departments.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
interdepartmental service (electric): Interdepartmental service includes amounts charged by the electric department at tariff or other specified rates for electricity supplied by it to other utility departments.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
interest coverage ratio: The number of times that fixed interest charges were earned. It indicates the margin of safety of interest on fixed debt. The times-interest-
earned ratio is calculated using net income before and after income taxes; and the credits of interest charged to construction being treated as other income. The interest charges include interest on long-term debt, interest on debt of associated companies, and other interest expenses.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
interlocking directorates: The holding of a significant position in management or a position on the corporate board of a utility while simultaneously holding a comparable position with another utility, or with a firm doing business with the utility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
intermediate grade gasoline: An increasingly common grade of unleaded gasoline with an octane rating intermediate between "regular" and "premium." Octane boosters are added to gasolines to control engine preignition or "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. (See Regular Grade Gasoline and Premium Grade Gasoline.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
intermediate load (electric system): The range from base load to a point between base load and peak. This point may be the midpoint, a percent of the peak load, or the load over a specified time period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
internal combustion plant: A plant in which the prime mover is an internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine has one or more cylinders in which the process of combustion takes place, converting energy released from the rapid burning of a fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy. Diesel or gas-
fired engines are the principal types used in electric plants. The plant is usually operated during periods of high demand for electricity.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
international bunkers: Storage compartments, found on vessels and aircraft engaged in international commerce, where fuel to be used by the vessel or aircraft is stored.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
interquartile range: The distance between the lower and upper quartiles. (See Lower Quartile and Upper Quartile.)
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
interruptible gas: Gas sold to customers with a provision that permits curtailment or cessation of service at the discretion of the distributing company under certain circumstances, as specified in the service contract.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
interruptible load: This Demand-Side Management category represents the consumer load that, in accordance with contractual arrangements, can be interrupted at the time of annual peak load by the action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. This type of control usually involves large-volume commercial and industrial consumers. Interruptible Load does not include Direct Load Control. Interruptible Load is similar to the "Interruptible Demand" that is reported in Item 3-A of the coordinated bulk power supply program (Form IE-411) reports submitted to the Department of Energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
interruptible or curtailable rate: A special electricity or natural gas arrangement under which, in return for lower rates, the customer must either reduce energy demand on short notice or allow the electric or natural gas utility to temporarily cut off the energy supply for the utility to maintain service for higher priority users. This interruption or reduction in demand typically occurs during periods of high demand for the energy (summer for electricity and winter for natural gas). (See Rate Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
interruptible power: Power and usually the associated energy made available by one utility to another. This transaction is subject to curtailment or cessation of delivery by the supplier in accordance with a prior agreement with the other party or under specified conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
interstate companies: Natural gas pipeline companies subject to FERC jurisdiction.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
interstate pipeline purchase: Any gas supply contracted from and volumes purchased from other interstate pipelines, overland natural gas import purchases, and LNG, SNG, or coal gas purchases from domestic or foreign sources. Purchases from intrastate pipelines to section 311 (b) of the NGPA of 1978 and from independent producers are not included with interstate pipelines purchase.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167
interstate pipeline: Any person engaged in natural gas transportation subject to the jurisdiction of FERC under the Natural Gas Act.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
intransit deliveries: Redeliveries to a foreign country of foreign gas received for transportation across U.S. territory, and deliveries of U.S. gas to a foreign country for transportation across its territory and redelivery to the United States.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131
intransit receipts: Receipts of foreign gas for transportation across U.S. territory and redelivery to a foreign country, and redeliveries to the United States of U.S. gas transported across foreign territory.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131
intrastate companies: Companies not subject to FERC jurisdiction.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
intrastate pipeline: Any person engaged in natural gas transportation (not including gathering) that is not subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission under the Natural Gas Act (other than any such pipeline that is not subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission soley by reason of Section 1(c) of the Natural Gas Act).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
investment of municipality: The investment of the municipality in its utility department, when such investment is not subject to cash settlement on demand or at a fixed future time. Include the cost of debt-free utility plant constructed or acquired by the municipality and made available for the use of the utility department, cash transferred to the utility department for working capital, and other expenditures of an investment nature.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
investments and advances to unconsolidated affiliates: The balance sheet account representing the cost of investments and advances to unconsolidated affiliates. Generally, affiliates that are less than 50-percent owned by a company may not be consolidated into the company's financial statements.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
investor-owned electric utility: A class of utility that is investor owned and organized as a tax-paying business, usually financed by the sales of securities in the capital market.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540
irradiated nuclear fuel: Nuclear fuel that has been exposed to radiation in the reactor core at any power level.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
isobutane (C4H10): A normally gaseous branch-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 10.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.(See butane.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-820, EIA-821, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0545*
isobutylene (C4H8): An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820
isohexane (C6H14): A saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless liquid that boils at a temperature of 156.2 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
isomerization: A refining process that alters the fundamental arrangement of atoms in the molecule without adding or removing anything from the original material. Used to convert normal butane into isobutane (C4), an alkylation process feedstock, and normal pentane and hexane into isopentane (C5) and isohexane (C6), high-octane gasoline components.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545*
isopentane (1): A saturated branched-chain hydrocarbon (C5H12) obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214
isopentane (2): (See Natural Gasoline.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
jacuzzi: (See Hot Tub.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
jet fuel (1): Includes kerosene-type jet fuel and naphtha-
type jet fuel. Kerosene-type jet fuel is a kerosene-quality product used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines. Naphtha-type jet fuel is a fuel in the heavy naphthas range used primarily for military turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545*
jet fuel (2): Includes kerosene-type (commerical or military) and naphtha-type.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
jet fuel (kerosene-type): A quality kerosene product with an average gravity of 40.7 degrees API, and a 10 percent distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit. It is covered by ASTM Specification D1655 and Military Specification MIL-T-5624L (Grades JP-5 and JP-8). A relatively low-
freezing point distillate of the kerosene type; it is used primarily for commercial turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
jet fuel (naphtha-type): A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range with an average gravity of 52.8 degrees API and 20 to 90 percent distillation temperatures of 290 degrees to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L (Grade JP-4). JP-4 is used for turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines, primarily by the military. Excludes ram-
jet and petroleum rocket fuels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
joint-use facility: A multiple-purpose hydroelectric plant. An example is a dam that stores water for both flood control and power production.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
jurisdictional utilities: Utilities regulated by public laws.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
kWh: A measure of electricity defined as a unit of work or energy, measured as 1 kilowatt (1,000 watts) of power expended for 1 hour. One kWh is equivalent to 3,412 Btu. (See Btu and Btu Conversion Factors.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
kerosene (1): A petroleum distillate that has a maximum distillation temperature of 401 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are the two classifications recognized by ASTM Specification D 3699: No. 1-K and No. 2-K, and all grades of kerosene called range or stove oil which have properties similar to No. 1 fuel oil, but with a gravity of about 43 degrees API and a maximum endpoint of 625 degrees Fahrenheit. Kerosene is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for use as an illuminate when burned in wick lamps.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C
kerosene (2): A petroleum distillate that boils at a temperature between 300 degrees Fahrenheit and 550 degrees Fahrenheit, that has a flash point higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit by ASTM Method D56 that has a gravity range between 40 degrees and 46 degrees API, and that has a burning point in the range of 150 degrees to 175 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are the two classifications recognized by ASTM Specification D 3699: No.1-K and No.2-K, and all grades of kerosene called range or stove oil that have properties similar to No.1 fuel oil, but with a gravity of about 43 degrees API and a maximum endpoint of 625 degrees Fahrenheit. Kerosene is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for use as an illuminate when burned in wick lamps.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-821, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0535*
kerosene (3): A petroleum distillate that has a maximum distillation temperature of 401 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are the two grades designated in ASTM D3699; No. 1-K and No. 2-K, and all grades of kerosene called range or stove oil. Kerosene is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for use as an illuminant when burned in wick lamps.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109
kerosene +: A distilled product of oil or coal with the generic name kerosene, having properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. Kerosene is used for cooking stoves, space heating, water heating, or for lighting equipment that uses wicks. It is sometimes sold under the names "range oil," "stove oil," or "coal oil." (See Fuel.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214*
kerosene-type jet fuel: A quality kerosene product with a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and a final maximum boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit. The fuel is designated in ASTM Specification D1655 and Military Specification MIL-T-5624P and MIL-T-83133D (Grades JP-5 and JP-
8). A relatively low-freezing point distillate of the kerosene type used primarily for turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0545*
kilowatt (kW): One thousand watts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, EIA-867*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
kilowatt-electric (kWe): One thousand watts of electric capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0531
kilowatthour (kWh): One thousand watthours.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-861, EIA-867*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0174, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0552*
lamp: A term generally used to describe artificial light. The term is often used when referring to a "bulb" or "tube." (See Lights.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
landed cost: The dollar per barrel price of crude oil at the port of discharge. Included are the charges associated with the purchase, transporting, and insuring of a cargo from the purchase point to the port of discharge. Not included are charges incurred at the discharge port (e.g., import tariffs or fees, wharfage charges, and demurrage charges).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
large and specialized buildings lists: Lists that were used to select a supplementary sample of buildings for the CBECS. The sample of buildings drawn from these lists was used to supplement the Multistage Area Probability Sample within each selected PSU. (See Multistage Area Probability Sample, and List Sample.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
large passenger car: A passenger car with more than 120 cubic feet of interior passenger and luggage volume.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
large pickup truck: A pickup truck weighing between 4,500 lbs. GVW and 8,500 lbs. GVW.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
laser printer for computer (not dot matrix): A computer printer that uses toner or black powder for the printer's ink. It provides high-
quality printing.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
latitude and longitude: The distance on the earth's surface measured, respectively, north or south of the equator and east or west of the standard meridian, expressed in angular degrees, minutes, and seconds.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A
leaded gasoline: A fuel that contains more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. (See Gasoline and Unleaded Gasoline.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
leaded premium gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R+M/2) greater than 90 and containing more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0487
leaded regular gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R+M/2) greater than or equal to 87 and less than or equal to 90 and containing more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0487
lease and plant fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations (such as gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors) and as fuel in natural gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
lease bonus: An amount paid by a lessee to a lessor as consideration for granting a lease, usually as a lump sum; this payment is in addition to any rental or royalty payments.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
lease condensate (1): A natural gas liquid recovered from gas-well gas (associated and non-associated) in lease separators or natural gas field facilities. Lease condensate consists primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-14, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0520*, DOE/EIA-0552*
lease condensate (2): A mixture consisting primarily of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that is recovered as a liquid from natural gas in lease or field separation facilities, exclusive of products recovered at natural gas processing plants or facilities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23
lease equipment: All equipment located on the lease except the well to the point of the "Christmas tree."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
lease fuel: Natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations, such as gas used in drilling operations, heaters, dehydrators, and field compressors.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-627
lease operations: Any well, lease, or field operations related to the exploration for or production of natural gas prior to delivery for processing or transportation out of the field. Gas used in lease operations includes usage such as for drilling operations, heaters, dehydraters, field compressors, and net used for gas lift.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
lease separator: A facility installed at the surface for the purpose of (a) separating gases from produced crude oil and water at the temperature and pressure conditions of the separator, and/or (b) separating gases from that portion of the produced natural gas stream that liquefies at the temperature and pressure conditions of the separator.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*
leasehold reserves: Natural gas liquid reserves corresponding to the leasehold production defined above.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
lessee: An independent marketer who leases the station and land and has use of tanks, pumps, signs, etc. A lessee dealer typically has a supply agreement with a refiner or distributor and purchases products at dealer tank-wagon prices. The term "lessee dealer" is limited to those dealers who are supplied directly by a refiner or any affiliate or subsidiary of the reporting company. "Direct supply" includes use of commission agent or common carrier delivery. (See Company Automotive (Retail) Outlet.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
leverage ratio: A measure that indicates the financial ability to meet debt service requirements and increase the value of the investment to the stockholders. (i.e. the ratio of total debt to total assets).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0348/2
liability: An amount payable in dollars or by future services to be rendered.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0348/2
licensed bed capacity: The number of beds that a hospital, inpatient health service, skilled nursing, or residential care facility is licensed to have.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
licensed site capacity: Capacity (number of assemblies) for which the site is currently licensed.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
licensees: Entity that has been granted permission to engage in an activity otherwise unlawful (i.e., hydropower project).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
life extension: Restoration or refurbishment of a plant to its original performance without the installation of new combustion technologies. Life extension results in 10 to 20 years of plant life beyond the anticipated retirement date, but usually does not result in larger capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860, DOE/EIA-0095*
lifting costs: The costs associated with the extraction of a mineral reserve from a producing property (See Production Costs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
light bulbs: A term generally used to describe a manmade source of light. The term is often used when referring to a "bulb" or "tube". The CBECS collects data only about light bulbs using electricity. (See Incandescent Light Bulbs, Fluorescent Light Bulbs, and High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Light Bulbs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
light gas oils: Liquid petroleum distillates heavier than naphtha, with an approximate boiling range from 401 degrees to 650 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
light oil: Lighter fuel oils distilled off during the refining process. Virtually all petroleum used in internal combustion and gas-turbine engines is light oil. Includes fuel oil numbers 1 and 2, kerosene, and jet fuel.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
light rail: An electric railway with a "light volume" traffic capacity compared to "heavy rail." Light rail may use exclusive or shared rights-of-way, high or low platform loading, and multi-car trains or single cars. Also known as "street car," "trolley car," and "tramway."
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
light water reactor (LWR): A nuclear reactor that uses water as the primary coolant and moderator, with slightly enriched uranium as fuel. There are two types of commercial light-water reactors--the boiling-
water reactor (BWR) and the pressurized-water reactor (PWR).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0436
light water: Ordinary water (H2O), as distinguished from heavy water or deuterium oxide (D2O).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
light-duty vehicles: Those vehicles (passenger cars, trucks, vans, and other sport/utility vehicles) that weigh no more than 8,500 lbs. GVW.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
lighting DSM program: A DSM program designed to promote efficient lighting systems in new construction or existing facilities. Lighting DSM programs can include: certain types of high-efficiency fluorescent fixtures including T-8 lamp technology, solid state electronic ballasts, specular reflectors, compact fluorescent fixtures, LED and electro-luminescent Emergency Exist Signs, High Pressure Sodium with switchable ballasts, Compact Metal Halide, occupancy sensors, and daylighting controllers. (See DSM Programs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
lighting conservation feature: A building feature or practice designed to reduce the amount of energy consumed by the lighting system. (See High-Efficiency Ballast.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
lighting equipment: These are light bulbs used to light the building's interior, such as incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent light bulbs, compact fluorescent light bulbs, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lights. (See Incandescent Light Bulbs, Fluorescent Light Bulbs, Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs, and High-Intensity Discharge (HID) Light Bulbs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
lights: All of the light bulbs controlled by one switch are counted as one light. For example, a chandelier with multiple lights controlled by one switch is counted as one light. A floor lamp with two separate globes or bulbs controlled by two separate switches would be counted as two lights. Indoor and outdoor lights were counted if they were under the control of the householder. This would exclude lights in the hallway of multifamily buildings. (See Fluorescent, High-Intensity Discharge Lamps, and Incandescent Lamps.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
lignite (1): A brownish-black coal of low rank with high inherent moisture and volatile matter (used almost exclusively for electric power generation). Similar coal in Europe and Australia are also referred to as brown coal. Comprises two groups classified according to the following ASTM Specification D-388-91a for calorific values on a most mineral-matter-free basis:
Limits Btu/lb
GE LT Lignite A 6300 8300 Lignite B - 6300
GE = Greater than or equal to LT = Less than
Lignite is non-agglomerating.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
lignite (2): Lignite, the lowest rank of coal, is brownish-
black and has a high moisture content, sometimes as high as 45 percent. It tends to disintegrate when exposed to the weather. The heat content of lignite ranges from 9 to 17 million Btu per ton as received and averages about 14 million Btu per ton. The ignition temperature is approximately 600 degrees Fahrenheit. Lignite is mined in California, Louisiana, Montana, North Dakota, and Texas and is used mainly to generate electricity in power plants that are relatively close to the mines.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0125*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
lignite +: A brownish-black coal of low rank with a high percentage of inherent moisture and volatile matter content. It is also referred to as brown coal.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
lignite A: (See Lignite (1).)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
lignite B: (See Lignite (1).)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
liheap or Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program: (See Assistance for Heating in Winter.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
liheap: (See Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
line loss: Electric energy lost because of the transmission of electricity. Much of the loss is thermal in nature.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
line-miles of seismic exploration: The distance along the Earth's surface that is covered by seismic surveying.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
liquefied natural gas (LNG): Natural gas (primarily methane) that has been liquefied by reducing its temperature to -260 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0167*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0538
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): Any fuel gas supplied to a residence in liquid form, such as propane or butane. It is usually delivered by tank truck and stored near the residence in a tank or cylinder until used. (See Fuel.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
liquefied petroleum gases (LPG): Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, isobutane, and isobutylene produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants that fractionate raw natural gas plant liquids.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*
liquefied refinery gases (LRG): Liquefied petroleum gases fractionated from refinery or still gases. Through compression and/or refrigeration, they are retained in the liquid state. The reported categories are ethane/ethylene, propane/propylene, normal butane/butylene, and isobutane/isobutylene. Excludes still gas.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545
liquid collector: A medium-temperature solar thermal collector, employed predominantly in water heating, which uses pumped liquid as the heat-transfer medium.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR): A nuclear breeder reactor, cooled by molten sodium, in which fission is caused by fast neutrons.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
list sample: A sample drawn from the large and specialized building lists used to supplement the area probability sample. (See Large and Specialized Buildings Lists.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
load (electric): The amount of electric power delivered or required at any specific point or points on a system. The requirement originates at the energy-consuming equipment of the consumers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
load control program: A program in which the utility company offers a lower rate in return for having permission to turn off the air conditioner or water heater for short periods of time by remote control. This control allows the utility to reduce peak demand.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
load curve: The relationship of power supplied to the time of occurrence. Illustrates the varying magnitude of the load during the period covered.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
load diversity: The difference between the peak of coincident and noncoincident demands of two or more individual loads.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
load factor: The ratio of the average load to peak load during a specified time interval.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0531
load following: Regulation of the power output of electric generators within a prescribed area in response to changes in system frequency, tieline loading, or the relation of these to each other, so as to maintain the scheduled system frequency and/or established interchange with other areas within predetermined limits.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
load leveling: Any load control technique that dampens the cyclical daily load flows and increases baseload generation. Peak load pricing and time-
of-day charges are two techniques that electric utilities use to reduce peak load and to maximize efficient generation of electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
load loss (3 hours): Any significant incident on an electric utility system that results in a continuous outage of 3 hours or longer to more than 50,000 customers or more than one half of the total customers being served immediately prior to the incident, whichever is less.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
load management technique: Utility demand management practices directed at reducing the maximum kilowatt demand on an electric system and/or modifying the coincident peak demand of one or more classes of service to better meet the utility system capability for a given hour, day, week, season, or year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0531
load on equipment: One hundred percent load is the maximum continuous net output of the unit at normal operating conditions during the annual peak load month. For example, if the equipment is capable of operating at 5% overpressure continuously, use this condition for 100% load.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
load reduction request: The issuance of any public or private request to any customer or the general public to reduce the use of electricity for the reasons of maintaining the continuity of service of the reporting entity's bulk electric power supply system. Requests to a customer(s) served under provisions of an interruptible contract are not a reportable action unless the request is made for reasons of maintaining the continuity of service of the reporting entity's bulk electric power supply.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
load shedding: Intentional action by a utility that results in the reduction of more than 100 megawatts (MW) of firm customer load for reasons of maintaining the continuity of service of the reporting entity's bulk electric power supply system. The routine use of load control equipment that reduces firm customer load is not considered to be a reportable action.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
long-term debt: Debt securities or borrowings having a maturity of more than one year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
long-term purchase: A purchase contract under which at least one delivery of material is scheduled to occur during the second calendar year after the contract-signing year. Deliveries also can occur during the contract-signing year, during the first calendar year thereafter, or during any subsequent calendar year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
long-wall mining: A form of underground coal mining that is gaining in importance in the United States and can be used at greater depths than room-and-
pillar mining. In the long-wall mining, a cutting machine is pulled back and forth across a panel of coal 300 to 600 feet wide and as much as a mile long, with the broken coal moved by conveyor. Long-wall mining is done under movable roof supports that are advanced as the bed is cut. The roof in the mined-out area is allowed to fall as the mining advances.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
loop flow: The movement of electric power from generator to load by dividing along multiple parallel paths; it especially refers to power flow along an unintended path that loops away from the most direct geographic path or contract path.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
loss of service (15 minutes): Any loss in service for greater than 15 minutes by an electric utility of firm loads totaling more than 200 MW, or 50 percent of the total load being supplied immediately prior to the incident, whichever is less. However, utilities with a peak load in the prior year of more than 3000 MW are only to report losses of service to firm loads totaling more than 300 MW for greater than 15 minutes. (The DOE shall be notified with service restoration and in any event, within three hours after the beginning of the interruption.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
low E glass: Low-emission glass reflects up to 90% of long-
wave radiation, which is heat, but lets in short-
wave radiation, which is light. Windows are glazed with a coating that bonds a microscopic, transparent, metallic substance to the inside surface of the double-pane or triple-pane windows.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
low flow showerheads: Reduce the amount of water flow through the showerhead from 5 to 6 gallons a minute to 3 gallons a minute.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
low head: Vertical difference of 100 feet or less in the upstream surface water elevation (headwater) and the downstream surface water elevation (tailwater) at a dam.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
low income home energy assistance program (LIHEAP): The purpose of LIHEAP is to assist eligible households to meet the cost of heating or cooling in residential dwellings. The Federal government provides the funds to the states that administer the program.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
low power testing: The period of time between a plant's initial fuel loading date and the issuance of its operating (full-power) license. The maximum level of operation during this period is 5 percent of the unit's thermal rating.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0436
low temperature collector: A solar thermal collector that generally operates at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
low temperature collectors: Metallic or nonmetallic collectors that generally operate at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit and use pumped liquid or air as the heat transfer medium. They usually contain no glazing and no insulation, and they are often made of plastic or rubber, although some are made of metal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A
low volatile bituminous coal: (See Bituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
lower quartile: The 25th percentile of a data set.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
lpg paid by household: The household paid the fuel supplier directly for all household uses of LPG such as water heating, space heating, air conditioning, cooking, (other than cooking on an outdoor grill, which is excluded) and operating appliances. Bills paid by a third party are not counted as paid by the household. (See Fuel.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
lubricants +: Substances used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacturing of other products or as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to impart or improve certain required properties. "Lubricants" includes all grades of lubricating oils from spindle oil to cylinder oil and those used in greases.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources:
lubricants - (greases): Mixtures of lubricating oils that contain substances to reduce their ability to flow.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
lubricants - (lubricating oils): A substance used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to impart or improve certain required properties. "Lubricants" include all grades of lubricating oils from spindle oil to cylinder oil and those used in greases.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0219
lubricants: A substance used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces or as process materials either incorporated into other materials used as processing aids in the manufacturing of other products, or as carriers of other materials. Petroleum lubricants may be produced either from distillates or residues. Other substances may be added to impart or improve certain required properties. "Lubricants" includes all grades of lubricating oils from spindle oil to cylinder oil and those used in greases. Categories include:
Paraffinic. Includes all grades of bright stock and neutrals with a Viscosity Index >75.
Naphthenic. Includes all lubricating oil base stocks with a Viscosity Index <75.
Note: The criterion for categorizing the lubricants is based solely on the Viscosity Index of the stocks and is independent of crude sources and type of processing used to produce the oils.
Exceptions: Lubricating oil base stocks that have been historically classified as naphthenic or paraffinic by a refiner may continue to be so categorized irrespective of the Viscosity Index criterion. Example: Unextracted paraffinic oils that would not meet the Viscosity Index test.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825
DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
made available: A vehicle is considered "Made Available" if it is available for delivery to dealers or users, whether or not it was actually delivered to them. To be "Made Available", the vehicle must be completed and available for delivery; thus, any conversion to be performed by an OEM Vehicle Converter or Aftermarket Vehicle Converter must have been completed.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
main heating equipment: Equipment primarily used for heating ambient air in the housing unit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0384
main heating fuel +: Fuel that powers the main heating equipment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
main heating fuel: The primary fuel delivered to a residential site. It may be converted to some other form of energy at the site. The following are defined as primary fuels.
Electricity: Metered electric power supplied by a central utility company to a residence via underground or above-ground power lines. It does not refer to electricity generated onsite for the exclusive use of a residence. When a residence has its own generating capability, the fuel used for the generator will be specified. The Btu equivalent for electricity is the energy value of electricity as received by the household (3,412 Btu per kilowatthour). Energy losses that occur in generating and transmitting electricity are not included in the conversion of electricity into a Btu equivalent. If these losses were to be included, the conversion rate would be about 10,353 Btu per kilowatthour.
Fuel Oil: No. 1, No. 2, or No. 4 grade fuel oil or residual oil that is burned for space- or water-heating purposes. No. 1 distillate fuel oil is a form of heating oil used mostly as a blending stock to ensure that heavier grades of fuel flow under severe cold weather conditions. No. 2 distillate refers to both No. 2 heating oil and No. 2 diesel fuel. Although these products are not identical, they are essentially interchangeable for most applications. No. 2 fuel oil is the most common form of heating oil. No. 4 distillate is a blend of No. 2 and No. 5 or No. 6 residual fuel oil, used in large stationary diesel engines and boilers equipped with fuel preheating equipment. Residual fuel oil refers to the heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are boiled off in refinery operations.
Kerosene: The generic name for a distilled product of oil or coal, having properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. Kerosene is used for cooking stoves, for space heating or water heating, or for lighting equipment that uses wicks. It is sometimes sold under the names "range oil," "stove oil," or "coal oil".
LPG or Liquefied Petroleum Gas: Any fuel gas supplied to a residence in liquid form, such as propane or butane. It is usually delivered by tank truck and stored near the residence in a tank or cylinder until used. Household use of LPG solely for outdoor gas grills is not considered sufficient use to mark the household.
Natural Gas: Utility gas supplied by underground pipeline to individual housing units by a central utility company. It does
not refer to privately owned gas wells operated by the household nor to LPG.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464
main: Used Most, as in "Main Heating Equipment," which is the equipment used most for space heating. (See Used Most (Applies to Fuels).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
mains: A system of pipes for transporting gas within a distributing gas utility's retail service area to points of connection with consumer service pipes.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
maintenance expenses: That portion of operating expenses consisting of labor, materials, and other direct and indirect expenses incurred for preserving the operating efficiency and/or physical condition of utility plants used for power production, transmission, and distribution of energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
maintenance of boiler plant (expenses): The cost of labor, material, and expenses incurred in the maintenance of a steam plant. Includes furnaces; boilers; coal, ash-handling, and coal-preparation equipment; steam and feed water piping; and boiler apparatus and accessories used in the production of steam, mercury, or other vapor to be used primarily for generating electricity. The point at which an electric steam plant is distinguished from an electric plant is defined as follows:
1. Inlet flange of throttle valve on prime mover.
2. Flange of all steam extraction lines on prime mover.
3. Hotwell pump outlet on condensate lines.
4. Inlet flange of all turbine-room auxiliaries.
5. Connection to line side of motor starter for all boiler-plant equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
maintenance of electric plant (expenses): The cost of labor, materials used, and expenses incurred in the maintenance of an electric plant, which includes engines and engine-driven generators, turbo-generator units, and accessory electric equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
maintenance of miscellaneous plant (expenses): The cost of labor, materials, and expenses incurred in the maintenance of an electric plant. Includes engines and engine-driven generators, turbogenerator units, and accessory electric equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
maintenance of structures (expenses): The cost of labor, materials, and expenses incurred in maintenance of power production structures. Structures include all buildings and facilities to house, support, or safeguard property or persons.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
maintenance supervision and engineering expenses: The cost of labor and expenses incurred in the general supervision and direction of the maintenance of power generation stations. The supervision and engineering included consists of the pay and expenses of superintendents, engineers, clerks, other employees, and consultants engaged in supervising and directing the maintenance of each utility function. Direct supervision and engineering of specific activities, such as fuel handling, boiler room operations, generator operations, etc., are charged to the appropriate accounts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
major electric utility: A utility that, in the last 3 consecutive calendar years, had sales or transmission services exceeding one of the following: (1) 1 million megawatt hours of total annual sales; (2) 100 megawatt hours of annual sales for resale; (3) 500 megawatt hours of annual gross interchange out; or (4) 500 megawatt hours of wheeling (deliveries plus losses) for others.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
major energy sources: Fuels or energy sources such as electricity, fuel oil, natural gas, district steam, district hot water, and district chilled water. District chilled water is not included in any totals for the sum of major energy sources or fuels; all other major fuels are included in these totals.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
major fuels: Fuels or energy sources such as: electricity, fuel oil, liquefied petroleum gases, natural gas, district steam, district hot water, and district chilled water.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0318*
major interstate pipeline company: A company whose combined sales for resale, including gas transported interstate or stored for a fee, exceeded 50 million thousand cubic feet in the previous year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
major refiners: Refiners with a total refinery capacity in the United States and its possessions of greater than or equal to 275,000 barrels per day as of January 1, 1982. See Tables 5 and 6 of the Petroleum Supply Annual, 1981 (pages 107-137) for a listing of refiners and their capacities. Some major refiners include:
Amerada Hess; Amoco Oil Company; Ashland Oil, Inc.; Atlantic Richfield Company; BP Oil; Champlin Refining; Chevron; Citgo Petroleum; Conoco, Inc.; Exxon; Lyondell Petrochemical; Marathon Oil Company; Mobil Oil Corporation; Phillips Petroleum Company; Shell Oil Company; Star Enterprise; Sun Company, Inc.; Texaco, Inc.; Unocal (formerly Union Oil Company of California); and Uno-Ven Company.
Prior to being acquired by other major refiners, Getty Oil Company and the Gulf Oil Corporation were also included as major refiners.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
manual dimmer switches: These are like residential-style dimmer switches. Dimmer switches are not generally used with fluorescent and HID lamps.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
manufactured gas: A gas obtained by destructive distillation of coal or by the thermal decomposition of oil, or by the reaction of steam passing through a bed of heated coal or coke. Examples are coal gases, coke oven gases, producer gas, blast furnace gas, blue (water) gas, carbureted water gas. Btu content varies widely.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
manufacturing (except coke plants) (consumer category): Those industrial users/plants, not including coke plants, that are engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new (i.e., finished or semifinished) products. Includes coal used for gasification/liquefication.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
manufacturing establishment: An economic unit at a single physical location where mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products are performed. These operations are generally conducted in facilities described as plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. In addition, the assembly of components of manufactured products is considered manufacturing, as in the blending of materials such as lubricating oils, plastics, resins, or liquors.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
manufacturing sector (division): One of 10 fields of economic activity defined by the Standard Industrial Classification Manual. The manufacturing sector includes all establishments engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products. Other divisions of the U.S. economy are agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and trapping; mining; construction; transportation, communications, electric, gas, and sanitary services; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; personal, business, professional, repair, recreation, and other services; and public administration.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
manufacturing sector: The universe of manufacturing establishments within the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
manufacturing/industrial: Activities involving the processing or procurement of goods, merchandise, raw materials, or food. These activities include: food processing; leather/textile mills; light assembly factories, such as those for apparel and electronic instruments; heavy assembly factories, such as those for machinery and other heavy equipment; paper processing; chemical or petroleum processing, metalworks, glassworks, and other similar manufacturing plants; printing and publishing; generation, transmission, or distribution of electricity, natural gas, steam, or other utility or sanitary service; and construction and natural resource procurement.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
manufacturing: As an energy end use, any of the energy-using operations required for manufacturing/industrial processes. (See Energy End Use and Manufacturing/Industrial).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
market price contract: A contract in which the price of uranium is not specifically determined at the time the contract is signed but is based instead on the prevailing market price at the time of delivery. A market price contract may include a floor price, that is, a lower limit on the eventual settled price. The floor price and the method of price escalation generally are determined when the contract is signed. The contract may also include a price ceiling or a discount from the agreed-upon market price reference.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
market price settlement: The price paid for uranium delivery under a market-price contract. The price is commonly (but not always) determined at or sometime before delivery and may be related to a floor price, ceiling price, or discount.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
market price: The prevailing price level in the market at a given time. It generally reflects a published spot price, is mutually agreed upon by the contracting parties, or is independently determined by an unbiased outside arbitrator.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478*
marketable coke: Those grades of coke produced in delayed or fluid cokers that may be recovered as relatively pure carbon. This "green" coke may be sold as is or further purified by calcining.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
marketed production: Gross withdrawals less gas used for repressuring, quantities vented and flared, and nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating or processing operations. Includes all quantities of gas used in field and processing plant operations.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-627, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0219*
masonry: A general term covering wall construction using masonry materials such as brick, concrete block, stone, and tile that are set in mortar; also included is stucco. The category does not include concrete panels because concrete panels represent a different method of constructing buildings. Concrete panels are reported separately.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
master-metering: Measurement of electricity or natural gas consumption of several tenants or housing units using a single meter. That is, one meter measures the energy usage for several households collectively.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
maximum deliverability: The maximum deliverability rate (Mcf/d) estimated at the present developed maximum operating capacity.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191
maximum demand: The greatest of all demands of the load that has occurred within a specified period of time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
maximum dependable capacity, net: The gross electrical output measured at the output terminals of the turbine generator(s) during the most restrictive seasonal conditions, less the station service load.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
maximum established site capacity: The maximum established spent fuel capacity for the site is defined by DOE as the maximum number of intact assemblies that will be able to be stored at some point in the future (between the reporting date and the reactor's end of life) taking into account any established or current studies or engineering evaluations at the time of submittal for licensing approval from the NRC.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
maximum hourly load: This is determined by the interval in which the 60-minute integrated demand is the greatest.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
maximum streamflow: The maximum rate of water flow past a given point during a specified period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
mcf: One thousand cubic feet.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
mean (1): The simple arithmetric average for a population; that is, the sum of all values in a population divided by the size of the population. For the CBECS, population means are estimated by computing the weighted sum of the sample values, then dividing by the sum of the sample weights. (See Median and Weight.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
mean (2): The sum of the measurments divided by the number of measurements contained in the data set.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
mean absolute error: An alternative but much less desirable name for the mean deviation.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
mean deviation: A measure of dispersion derived from the average deviation of observations from some central value, such deviations being taken absolutely, i.e., without reference to algebraic sign. The central value may be the arithmetic mean or the median. Expressed formally, the mean deviation is the first absolute moment.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
mean difference: A measure of dispersion due to Gini (1912) and based upon the average of the absolute differences of all possible pairs of variate values.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
mean indoor temperature: The "usual" temperature. If different sections of the house are kept at different temperatures, the reported temperature is for the section where the people are. A thermostat setting is accepted if the temperature is not known.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
mean operating hours: The arithmetic average number of operating hours per building is the weighted sum of the number of operating hours divided by the weighted sum of the number of buildings.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
mean square feet per building: The arithmetic average square feet per building is the weighted sum of the total square feet divided by the weighted sum of the number of buildings.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
mean square feet per worker: The arithmetic average square feet per worker is the weighted sum of the total square feet divided by the weighted sum of the total number of main shift workers.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
measured heated area of residence: The floor area of the housing unit that is enclosed from the weather and heated. Basements are included whether or not they contain finished space. Garages are included if they have a wall in common with the house. Attics that have finished space and attics that have some heated space are included. Crawl spaces are not included even if they are enclosed from the weather. Sheds and other buildings that are not attached to the house are not included. "Measured" area means the measurement of the dimensions of the home, using a metallic, retractable, 50-foot tape measure. "Heated area" is that portion of the measured area that is heated during most of the season. Rooms that are shut off during the heating season to save on fuel are not counted. Attached garages that are unheated and unheated areas in the attics and basements are also not counted.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
measured resources, coal: Coal resources for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed, within a margin of error of less than 20 percent, from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well known sample sites. Measured resources are computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. The points of observation and measurement are so closely spaced and the thickness and extent of coals are so well defined that the tonnage is judged to be accurate within 20 percent. Although the spacing of the points of observation necessary to demonstrate continuity of the coal differs from region to region, according to the character of the coalbeds, the point of observation are no greater than 1/2 mile apart. Measured coal is projected to extend as a belt 1/4 mile wide from the outcrop or points of observation or measurement.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0384
median (1): The middle number of a data set when the measurements are arranged in ascending (or descending) order.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
median (2): The middle value in the population. Half the population has a value above the median and half has a value below. The median is different from the mean in that its estimate is not influenced much by extremes in the sample. An estimate of the mean square feet per building would be affected by the inclusion of some very large buildings and would not express square footage for a "typical" building. In contrast, the median square feet would not be so affected (See Mean.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
median age of the building: The middle age of all buildings in the CBECS--
half of all buildings have an age above the median age of the building, and half of all buildings have an age below the median age of the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
median operating hours: The middle number of operating hours of all buildings in the CBECS--half of all buildings have operating hours aboe the median operating hours, and half of all buildings have operating hours below the median operating hours.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
median square feet per building: The middle size (in square feet) of all buildings in the CBECS--half of all buildings have a size above the median square feet per building, and half of all buildings have a size below the median square feet per buildings.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
median square feet per worker: The middle amount of the space per worker of all buildings in the CBECS--half of all buildings have space per worker above the median square feet per worker, and half of all buildings have space below the median square feet per worker.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
median streamflow: The middle rate of flow of water past a given point for which there have been several greater and lesser rates of flow occurring during a specified period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
median water condition: The middle precipitation and run-off condition for a distribution of water conditions that have happened over a long period of time. Usually determined by examining the water supply record of the period in question.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
medium-temperature collector: A collector designed to operate in the temperature range of 140 degrees to 180 degrees Fahrenheit, but that can also operate at a temperature as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit. The collector typically consists of a metal frame, metal absorption panels with integral flow channels (attached tubing for liquid collectors or integral ducting for air collectors), and glazing and insulation on the sides and back.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0174
medium-volatile bituminous coal: (See Bituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
megawatt (MW): One million watts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412, EIA-861, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
megawatt electric (MWe): One million watts of electric capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0531
megawatthour (MWh): One million watt hours.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-20, EIA-412, EIA-861, EIA-867
DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0436*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
merchant MTBE plants: MTBE production facilities primarily located within petrochemical plants rather than refineries. Production from these units is sold under contract or on the spot market to refiners or other gasoline blenders.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
merchant coke plant: A coke plant where coke is produced primarily for sale on the commercial (open) market.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
merchant oxygenate plants: Oxygenate production facilities that are not associated with a petroleum refinery. Production from these facilities is sold under contract or on the spot market to refiners or other gasoline blenders.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825
merger: A combining of companies or corporations into one, often by issuing stock of the controlling corporation to replace the greater part of that of the other.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-863
meta-anthracite: (See Anthracite.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
metal panels: An exterior wall construction material made of aluminum or galvanized steel panels fabricated in factories and fastened to the frame of the building to form outside walls. Pre-engineered metal buildings are also included in this category.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
metal surfacing: Light gauge metal sheets that are used for roofing, commonly referred to as a "tin roof."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*
metallic: The metallic material composition of the collector's absorber system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A
metallurgical coal: Metallurgical coal (or coking coal) meets the requirements for making coke. It must be low in ash and sulfur and form a coke that is capable of supporting the charge of iron ore and limestone in a blast furnace. A blend of two or more bituminous coals is usually required to make coke.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384*
metered data: End-use data obtained through the direct measurement of the total energy consumed for specific uses within the individual household. Individual appliances can be submetered by connecting the recording meters directly to individual appliances. (See End Use and Submetered Data.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
metered peak demand: The presence of a device to measure the maximum rate of electricity consumption per unit of time. This device allows electric utility companies to bill their customers for maximum consumption, as well as for total consumption. (See Rate Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
methanol (CH3.OH): A light, volatile alcohol eligible for gasoline blending. (See Oxygenate.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0202*
methanol blend: Mixtures containing 85 percent or more (or such other percentage, but not less than 70 percent) by volume of methanol with gasoline. Pure methanol is considered an "other alternative fuel."
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
method of transportation to consumers: See Rail; River; Great Lakes; and Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
metric conversion factors: Floorspace estimates may be converted to metric units by using the relationship, 1 square foot is approximately equal to .0929 square meters. Energy estimates may be converted to metric units by using the relationship, 1 Btu is approximately equal to 1,055 joules. One kilowatthour is exactly 3,600,000 joules. One gigajoule is approximately 278 kilowatthours (kWh). (See Btu.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
metric ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,204.6 pounds.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
metropolitan area: A metropolitan statistical area or consolidated metropolitan statistical area, as established by the Bureau of the Census, with a population of more than 250,000.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
metropolitan statistical area (MSA): Areas defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. An MSA is (1) a county or a group of contiguous counties that contain at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, or (2) an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants and a total MSA population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). The contiguous counties are included in an MSA if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, MSAs consist of towns and cities rather than counties. (See Central City.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
metropolitan status: A building classification referring to the location of the building either located within a MSA or outside a MSA. (See Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) and Nonmetropolitan Statistical Area.)
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0464*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
metropolitan: A group of households located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Except in New England, an MSA is (1) a county or group of contiguous counties that contain at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, or (2) an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants and a total MSA population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). The contiguous counties are included in an MSA if, according to certain criteria, they are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and economically integrated with the central city. In New England, MSAs consist of towns and cities rather than counties. (See Nonmetropolitan and Central City.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0464
microcrystalline wax: Wax extracted from certain petroleum residues having a finer and less apparent crystalline structure than paraffin wax and having the following physical characteristics: penetration at 77 degrees Fahrenheit (D1321)-60 maximum; viscosity at 210 degrees Fahrenheit in Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS); (D88)-60 SUS (10.22 centistokes) minimum to 150 SUS (31.8 centistokes) maximum; oil content (D721)-5 percent minimum.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
microwave oven: A household cooking appliance consisting of a compartment designed to cook or heat food by means of microwave energy. It may also have a browning coil and convection heating as additional features.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
mid-size passenger car: A passenger car with between 110 and 119 cubic feet of interior passenger and luggage volume.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
middle distillates: A general classification of refined petroleum products that includes distillate fuel oil and kerosene.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
middlings: In coal preparation, this material called mid-
coal is neither clean nor refuse; due to their intermediate specific gravity, middlings sink only partway in the washing vessels and are removed by auxiliary means.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
migratory units: Housing units intended for occupancy by migratory workers employed in farm work during the crop season.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
miles per gallon (MPG): A measure of vehicle fuel efficiency. Miles per gallon or MPG represents "Fleet Miles per Gallon." For each subgroup or "table cell," MPG is computed as the ratio of the total number of miles traveled by all vehicles in the subgroup to the total number of gallons consumed. MPGs are assigned to each vehicle using the EPA certification files and adjusted for on-road driving.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
military fuel: Kerosene-type jet fuel intended for military use.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825
military kerosene-type jet fuel: (See Kerosene-Type Jet Fuel.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109
mill capital: Cost for transportation and equipping a plant for processing ore or other feed materials.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
mill: A monetary cost and billing unit used by utilities; it is equal to 1/1000 of the U.S. dollar (equivalent to 1/10 of 1 cent).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
milling capacity: The maximum rate at which a mill is capable of treating ore or producing concentrate.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
milling of uranium: The processing of uranium from ore mined by conventional methods, such as underground or openpit methods, to separate the uranium from the undesired material in the ore.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
milling: The grinding or crushing of ore, concentration, and other benefication, including the removal of valueless or harmful constituents and preparation for market.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
mine capital: Cost for exploration and development, pre-mining stripping, shaft sinking, and mine development (including in situ leaching), as well as the mine plant and its equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
mine count: The number of mines, or mines collocated with preparation plants or tipples, located in a particular geographic area (state or region). If a mine is mining coal across two counties within a state, or across two states, then it is counted as two operations. This is done so that EIA can separate production by state and county.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
mineral interests in properties (hereinafter referred to as properties): These include fee ownership or a lease, concession, or other contractual interest representing the right to extract minerals subject to such terms as may be imposed by the conveyance of those interests. Properties also include royalty interests, production payments payable in oil or gas, and other non-operating interests in properties operated by others. Properties include those agreements with foreign governments or authorities under which an enterprise participates in the operation of the related properties or otherwise serves as "producer" of the underlying reserves, but properties do not include other supply agreements or contracts that represent the right to purchase (as opposed to extract) oil and gas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
mineral lease: An agreement wherein a mineral interest owner (lessor) conveys to another party (lessee) the rights to explore for, develop, and produce specified minerals. The lessee acquires a working interest and the lessor retains a non-
operating interest in the property, referred to as the royalty interest, each in proportions agreed upon.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
mineral matter free basis: Mineral matter in coal is the parent material in coal from which ash is derived and which comes from minerals present in the original plant materials that formed the coal, or from extraneous sources such as sediments and precipitates from mineralized water. Mineral matter in coal cannot be analytically determined and is commonly calculated using data on ash and ash-forming constituents. Coal analyses are calculated to the mineral matter free basis by adjusting formulas used in calculations in order to deduct the weight of mineral matter from the total coal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
mineral resource assets: The costs shown on the balance sheet representing assets that are directly associated with and that derive value from mineral reserves. For the oil and gas industry, these costs may include:
- Intangible drilling and development costs.
- Capitalized nonproductive costs, delay rentals, and overhead and similar costs.
- Producing and nonproducing leasehold costs.
- Down-hole equipment.
- Wellhead equipment.
- Lease production facilities: tanks, flowlines, separators, above-ground pumps,, compressors, etc.
- Gas cycling plants.
- Processing facilities located in a field in which the company owns interest in producing leases.
- Support facilities: power plants, field living quarters, etc.
- Gathering systems to the point-of-market in the field.
- Offshore platforms.
All costs that involve processing, transportation, refining, distribution, and marketing are not classified as mineral resource assets. Examples may include:
- Refineries.
- Transportation equipment and facilities beyond the point-of-market in the field, including pipelines, barges, and truck equipment.
For the mining industry, these costs may include:
- Capitalized costs related to acquisitions of mineral rights, leases, or properties; exploration; and development of ore bodies.
- All assets employed in the extraction and conversion process that are necessary to produce mineral product or products that are commercially marketable.
- Processing assets located at or dedicated solely to a mine or mines in which the company has an economic interest, which are designed with specific regard to the particular physical or chemical characteristics of the ores being mined or the scale of operation, and which, by their nature, would have only nominal economic value in the absence of the ores they were designated to treat.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
mineral rights: The ownership of the minerals beneath the earth's surface with the right to remove them. Mineral rights may be conveyed separately from surface rights.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
mineral: Any of the various naturally occurring substances (such as coal, crude oil, metals, natural gas, salt, sand, stone, sulfur and water) usually obtained from the earth. The term is used to include all wasting, i.e., nonregenerative, inorganic substances that are extracted from the earth.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
mini service: Service station attendants pump vehicle fuel but do not provide other services, such as checking oil and tire pressure or washing windshields.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
mini van: New type of small van that first appeared with that designation in 1984. Any of the smaller vans built on an automobile-type frame. Earlier models such as the Volkswagen van are now included in this category.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
minimum streamflow: The lowest rate of flow of water past a given point during a specified period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
mining operation: One mine and/or tipple at a single physical location.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A
mining: Any activity directed to the extraction of ore and associated rock. Included are open pit work, quarrying, auguring, alluvial dredging, and combined operations, including surface and underground operations.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
minority interest in income: The proportional share of the minority ownership's interest (less than 50 percent) in the earnings or losses of the consolidated subsidiary. Subsidiaries are generally fully consolidated when a share of ownership between 51 percent and 100 percent is held by the parent. In consolidation, 100 percent of revenues, expenses, assets, etc. are included in the financial statements even though, for example, the subsidiary is only 80 percent owned by the parent company. In such cases, the consolidated balance sheet must have a caption on the right-hand side titled something like "minority interests in consolidated affiliates," and the income statement must have a similar line to reduce net income to the pro rata (80 percent in this example) share of the consolidated subsidiary's net income.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
miscellaneous petroleum products: All finished petroleum products not classified elsewhere--for example, petrolatum, lube-
refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
miscellaneous products: Includes all finished products not classified elsewhere (e.g., petrolatum lube refining byproducts (aromatic extracts and tars), absorption oils, ram-jet fuel, petroleum rocket fuels, synthetic natural gas feedstocks, and specialty oils).
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*
miscellaneous reserves: A supply source having not more than 50 billion cubic feet of dedicated recoverable salable reserves and that falls within the definition of Supply Source.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
mmbtu: An abbreviation for 1 million British thermal units, which is an energy or heating value measurement that is normally used for petroleum and gas applications.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191
mmcf: One million cubic feet.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
mobile home: A housing unit built on a movable chassis and moved to the site. It may be placed on a permanent or temporary foundation and may contain one room or more. If rooms are added to the structure, it is considered a single-family housing unit. A manufactured house assembled on site is a single-family housing unit, not a mobile home.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
mode: The measurement that occurs with the greatest frequency in a data set.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
moderator: A material, such as ordinary water, heavy water, or graphite, used in a reactor to slow down high-velocity neutrons, thus increasing the likelihood of further fission.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
modules: Photovoltaic cells or an assembly of cells into panels (modules) intended for and shipped for final consumption or to another organization for resale. When exported, incomplete modules and unencapsulated cells are also included. Modules used for space applications are not included.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
moist (coal) basis: "Moist" coal contains its natural inherent or bed moisture, but does not include water adhering to the surface. Coal analyses expressed on a moist basis are performed or adjusted so as to describe the data when the coal contains only that moisture that exists in the bed in its natural state of deposition and when the coal has not lost any moisture due to drying.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
motor fuel consumption: (See Vehicle Fuel Consumption.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
motor fuel expenditures: (See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
motor gasoline (1): A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives, obtained by blending appropriate refinery streams to form a fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. Motor gasoline includes both leaded and unleaded grades of finished motor gasoline, blending components, and gasohol.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
motor gasoline (2): A mixture of volatile hydrocarbons suitable for the operation of an internal combustion engine. Includes all grades of motor gasoline and gasohol.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0208*
motor gasoline - (finished) (1): A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives, which has been blended to form a fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. Motor gasoline, as given in ASTM Specification D439 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690B, includes a range in distillation temperatures from 122 degrees to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and from 365 degree to 374 degree Fahrenheit at the 90-
percent recovery point. "Motor gasoline" includes reformulated gasoline, oxygenated gasoline (EPA approved), and other finished gasoline. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0545*
motor gasoline - (finished) (2): Refers to blended gasoline suitable as fuel for use in spark ignition systems and within American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications D 439 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690B.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
motor gasoline - (finished) (3): A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives, blended to form a fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. Specifications for motor gasoline, as given in ASTM Specification D 439-88 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690B, include a boiling range of 122 degrees to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent point to 365 degrees to 374 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent point and a Reid vapor pressure range from 9 to 15 psi. "Motor gasoline" includes finished leaded gasoline, finished unleaded gasoline, and gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. (Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.)
1. Leaded Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R + M/2) greater than or equal to 87 and less than or equal to 90 and containing more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
2. Unleaded Regular Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R + M/2) greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88, and con- taining not more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
3. Unleaded Midgrade Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R + M/2) greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90 and containing not more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
4. Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R + M/2) greater than 90. Includes both leaded and unleaded premium gasoline.
a. Leaded Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R + M/2) greater than 90, and containing more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
b. Unleaded Premium Gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R + M/2) greater than 90 and containing not more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380
motor gasoline blending components: Naphthas which will be used for blending or compounding into finished motor gasoline (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates are individual components and are included with other hydrocarbons, hydrogens, and oxygenates.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
motor gasoline blending of oxygenates: Blending of gasoline and oxygenates under the Environmental Protection Agency's "Substantially Similar" Interpretive Rule (56 FR (February 11, 1991)).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
motor gasoline retail prices: Motor gasoline prices calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in conjunction with the construction of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Those prices are collected in 85 urban areas selected to represent all urban consumers--about 80 percent of the total U.S. population. The service stations are selected initially, and on a replacement basis, in such a way that they represent the purchasing habits of the CPI population. Service stations in the current sample include those providing all types of service (i.e., full-, mini-, and self-service.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished gasohol: A blend of finished motor gasoline (leaded or unleaded) and alcohol (generally ethanol, but sometimes methanol) in which 10 percent or more of the product is alcohol.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished leaded premium: Motor gasoline having an antiknock index, calculated as (R+M)/2, greater than 90 and containing more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished leaded regular: Motor gasoline having an antiknock index, calculated as (R+M)/2, greater than or equal to 87 and less than or equal to 90 and containing more than 0.05 gram of lead or 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished leaded: Motor gasoline that contains more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. Premium and regular grades are included depending on the octane rating. Includes leaded gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished unleaded midgrade: Motor gasoline having an antiknock index, calculated as (R+M)/2, greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90 and containing not more than 0.05 gram of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished unleaded premium: Motor gasoline having an antiknock index, calculated as (R+M)/2, greater than 90 and containing not more than 0.05 gram of lead or 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished unleaded regular: Motor gasoline having an antiknock index, calculated as (R+M)/2, of 87 and containing not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished unleaded: Motor gasoline containing not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. Premium and regular grades are included, depending on the octane rating. Includes unleaded gasoline. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, finished: A complex mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, with or without small quantities of additives, which has been blended to form a fuel suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. Motor gasoline, as given in ASTM Specification D439 or Federal Specification VV-G-1690B, includes a range in distillation temperatures from 122 degrees to 158 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point. The Reid Vapor Pressure ranges from 9 to 15 pounds per square inch. Motor gasoline includes finished leaded gasoline, finished unleaded gasoline, and gasohol. Blendstock is excluded until blending has been completed. Alcohol that is to be used in the blending of gasohol is also excluded.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, leaded: Motor gasoline that contains more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon or more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. Premium and regular grades are included.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, total: Includes finished leaded motor gasoline (premium and regular), finished unleaded motor gasoline (premium, midgrade, and regular), motor gasoline blending components, and gasohol.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
motor gasoline, unleaded: Gasoline that contains not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. Premium and regular grades are included depending on the octane rating.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
mpg shortfall: The difference between actual on-road MPG and EPA laboratory test MPG. MPG shortfall is expressed as gallons per mile ratio (GPMR).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
mpg: Miles per gallon.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
msa: (See Metropolitan Statistical Area.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
mshaID number: Seven (7)-digit code assigned to a mining operation by the Mine Safety and Health Administration.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A
mtbe (methyl tertiary butyl ether) (CH3)3COCH3: An ether intended for gasoline blending as described in "Oxygenate".
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0202*, DOE/EIA-0208
multibuilding establishment: An establishment that operates in a multibuilding facility. (See Multibuilding Facility.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
multibuilding facility: A group of two or more buildings on the same site owned or operated by a single organization, business, or individual. Examples include university campuses and hospital complexes. (See Building and Facility.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
multifamily (2 to 4 units): A unit in a building with two to four housing units--a structure that is divided into living quarters for two, three, or four families or households and in which one household lives above another. This category also includes houses originally intended for occupancy by one family (or for some other use) that have since been converted to separate dwellings for two to four families. Typical arrangements in these types of living quarters are separate apartments downstairs and upstairs or one apartment on each of three or four floors.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
multifamily (5 or more units): A unit in a building with five or more housing units--a structure that contains living quarters for five or more households or families and in which one household lives above another.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
multiphase sampling: It is sometimes convenient and economical to collect certain items of information from the whole of the units of a sample and other items of usually more detailed information from a subsample of the units constituting the original sample. This may be termed two-phase sampling, e.g. if the collection of information concerning variate, y, is relatively expensive, and there exists the other variate, x, correlated with it, which is relatively cheap to investigate, it may be profitable to carry out sampling in two phases. At the first phase, x is investigated, and the information thus obtained is used either (a) to stratify the population at the second phase when y is investigated, or (b) as supplementary information at the second phase, a ratio or regression estimate being used. Two-
phase sampling is sometimes called "double sampling." Further phases may be added if desired. It may be noted, however, that multiphase sampling does not necessarily imply the use of any relationships between the variates x and y. The expression is not to be confused with multi-stage sampling.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
multiple completion well: A well equipped to produce oil and/or gas separately from more than one reservoir. Such wells contain multiple strings of tubing or other equipment that permit production from the various completions to be measured and accounted for separately. For statistical purposes, a multiple completion well is reported as one well and classified as either an oil well or a gas well. If one of the several completions in a given well is an oil completion, the well is classified as an oil well. If all of the completions in a given well are gas completions, the well is classified as a gas well.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
multiple establishment building: A single building that houses more than one establishment. Examples include enclosed shopping malls and office suites. If establishments in the building were billed for an energy source using separate meters or accounts, the utility (or energy supplier) was asked to provide data on consumption and expenditures for the entire building, or an "aggregate" reporting form that was provided. (See Establishment, Single Establishment Building, Multibuilding Establishment, and Building.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
multiple purpose project: The development of hydroelectric facilities to serve more than one function. Some of the uses include hydroelectric power, irrigation, water supply, water quality control, and/or fish and wildlife enhancement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
multiple purpose reservoir: Stored water and its usage governed by advanced water resource conservation practices to achieve more than one water control objective. Some of the objectives include flood control, hydroelectric power development, irrigation, recreation usage, and wilderness protection.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
multistage area probability sample: A sample design executed in stages with geographic "clusters" of sampling units selected at each stage. This procedure reduces survey expense while maintaining representative national coverage.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
multistage sampling: A sample that is selected by stages, the sampling units at each stage being subsampled from the (larger) units chosen at the previous stage. The sampling units pertaining to the first stage are called primary or first stage units, and similarly for second stage units, etc. Where the sampling frame has to be constructed in the course of the sampling operation, multi-stage sampling has the additional advantage that only the parts of the population selected at any stage need to be listed for sampling at the next stage.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
municipality (1): A village town, city, county, or other political subdivision of a State.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
municipality (2): (As defined in section 3, paragraph (7) of the Federal Power Act, P.L. 66-280 as amended) A city, county, irrigation district, drainage district, or other political subdivision or agency of a State competent under the laws thereof to carry on the business of developing, transmitting, utilizing, or distributing power (41 Stat. 1064; 49 Stat. 838; 16 U.S.C. 796(7)).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531*
nameplate capacity: The maximum design production capacity specified by the manufacturer of a processing unit or the maximum amount of a product that can be produced running the manufacturing unit at full capacity.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, DOE/EIA-0109
naphtha less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit: A naphtha with a boiling range of less than 401 degrees Fahrenheit that is intended for use as a petrochemical feedstock. (See Petrochemical Feedstocks.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
naphtha-type jet fuel (1): A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range. ASTM Specification D1655 specifies for this fuel maximum distillation temperatures of 290 degrees Fahrenheit at the 20-percent recovery point and 470 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-
percent point, meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L (Grade JP-4). JP-4 is used for turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines, primarily by the military. Excludes ram-jet and petroleum rocket fuels.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*
naphtha-type jet fuel (2): A fuel in the heavy naphtha boiling range with an average gravity of 52.8 degrees API and 20 to 90 percent distillation temperatures of 290 degrees to 470 degrees Fahrenheit, meeting Military Specification MIL-T-5624L (Grade JP-
4). JP-4 is used for turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines, primarily by the military. Excludes ram-jet and petroleum rocket fuels.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
naphtha: A generic term applied to a petroleum fraction with an appropriate boiling range between 122 degrees and 400 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0545
naphthas: Refined or partly refined light distillates with an approximate boiling point range of 27 degrees to 221 degrees Centigrade. Blended further or mixed with other materials, they make high-grade motor gasoline or jet fuel. Also, used as solvents, petrochemical feedstocks, or as raw materials for the production of town gas.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
national association of regulatory utility commissioners: An affiliation of the public service commissioners to promote the uniform treatment of members of the railroad, public utilities, and public service commissions of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territory of the Virgin Islands.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
national uranium resource evaluation (NURE): A program begun by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) in 1974 to make a comprehensive evaluation of U.S. uranium resources and continued through 1983 by the AEC's successor agencies, the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), and the Department of Energy (DOE). The NURE program included aerial radiometric and magnetic surveys, hydrogeochemical and stream sediment surveys, geologic drilling in selected areas, geophysical logging of selected boreholes, and geologic studies to identify and evaluate geologic environments favorable for uranium.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
native gas: Gas in place at the time that a reservoir was converted to use as an underground storage reservoir in contrast to injected gas volumes.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-191, DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0384*
natural gas "dry": The actual or calculated volumes of natural gas that remain after:
1. the liquefiable hydrocarbon portion has been removed from the gas stream (i.e., gas after lease, field, and/ or plant separation) and
2. any volumes of nonhydrocarbon gases have been removed where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
natural gas (1): A mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and small quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in natural underground reservoirs at reservoir conditions. The principal hydrocarbons usually contained in the mixture are methane, ethane, propane, butanes, and pentanes. Typical nonhydrocarbon gases which may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen. Under reservoir conditions, natural gas and the liquefiable portions thereof occur either in a single gaseous phase in the reservoir or in solution with crude oil and are not distinguishable at that time as separate substances.
Natural gas, based on the type of occurrence in the reservoir, is classified by two categories, as follows:
- Non-Associated Gas is natural gas that is not in contact with significant quantities of crude oil in the reservoir.
- Associated/Dissolved Gas is the combined volume of natural gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas (associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved).
Associated gas is free natural gas, commonly known as gas cap gas, which overlies and is in contact with crude oil in the reservoir. Dissolved gas is natural gas that is in solution with crude oil in the reservoir at reservoir conditions.
Statistical date pertaining to natural gas production and dry reserves are reported in units of 1 million cubic feet (i.e., MMCF) at 14.73 pounds per square inch absolute and 60 degrees Fahrenheit for FRS purposes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*
natural gas (2): A mixture of hydrocarbon compounds and small quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in natural underground reservoirs at reservoir conditions. The principal hydrocarbons usually contained in the mixture are methane, ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes. Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoir natural gas are carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen. Under reservoir conditions, natural gas and the liquefiable portions occur either in a single gaseous phase in the reservoir or in solution with crude oil and are not distinguishable at the time as separate substances.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, EIA-64A, DOE/EIA-0370
natural gas (3): A mixture of hydrocarbons and small quantities of various nonhydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, EIA-627, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0167*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
natural gas +: Hydrocarbon gas (mostly methane) supplied as an energy source to individual buildings by pipelines from a central utility company. Natural gas does not refer to liquified petroleum gas or to privately owned gas wells operated by a building owner.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
natural gas field facility: A field facility designed to process natural gas produced from more than one lease for the purpose of recovering condensate from a stream of natural gas; however, some field facilities are designed to recover propane, normal butane, and pentanes plus, etc., and to control the quality of natural gas to be marketed.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
natural gas gross withdrawals: Full well-stream volume of produced natural gas, excluding condensate separated at the lease.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
natural gas liquids (NGL): Natural gas liquids are those portions of reservoir gas that are liquefied at the surface in lease separators, field facilities, or gas processing plants. Natural gas liquids include but are not limited to: ethane, propane, butanes, pentanes, natural gasoline, and condensate.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0384*
natural gas liquids production: The volume of natural gas liquids removed from natural gas in lease separators, field facilities, gas processing plants, or cycling plants during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
natural gas liquids: Those hydrocarbons in natural gas that are separated from the gas through the processes of absorption, condensation, adsorption, or other methods in gas processing or cycling plants. Generally such liquids consist of propane and heavier hydrocarbons and are commonly referred to as condensate, natural gasoline, and liquefied petroleum gases. Where hydrocarbon components lighter than propane are recovered as liquids, these components should also be included with natural gas liquids.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-64A, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0340*
natural gas marketed production: Gross withdrawals of natural gas from production reservoirs, less gas used for reservoir repressuring, nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating and processing operations, and quantities vented and flared.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
natural gas plant liquids (1): Natural gas liquids recovered from natural gas in gas processing plants and in some situations, from natural gas field facilities. Natural gas liquids extracted by fractionators are also included. These liquids are defined according to the published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials and are classified as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, pentanes plus, and other products from natural gas processing plants (i.e., products meeting the standards for finished petroleum products produced at natural gas processing plants such as finished motor gasoline, finished aviation gasoline, special naphthas, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, and miscellaneous products.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-627, DOE/EIA-0545*
natural gas plant liquids (2): Natural gas liquids recovered from natural gas in gas processing plants and in some situations, from natural gas field facilities. Natural gas liquids extracted by fractionators are also included. These liquids are defined according to the published specifications of the Gas Processors Association and the American Society for Testing and Materials and are classified as follows: ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, and pentanes plus.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0520*
natural gas plant liquids (NGPL): Products obtained from processing natural gas at natural gas processing plants, including natural gasoline plants, cycling plants, and fractionators. Products obtained include ethane, liquefied petroleum gases (propanes, butane, propane-butane mixtures, and ethane-
propane mixtures), isopentane, natural gasoline, unfractionated streams, plant condensate, and other minor quantities of finished products such as motor gasoline, special naphthas, jet fuel, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0219, DOE/EIA-0384*
natural gas policy act of 1978 (NGPA): Signed into law on November 9, 1978, the NGPA is a framework for the regulation of most facets of the natural gas industry.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
natural gas processing plant (1): A facility designed (1) to achieve the recovery of natural gas liquids from the stream of natural gas that may or may not have been processed through lease separators and field facilities, and (2) to control the quality of the natural gas to be marketed. Cycling plants are classified as gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0545*
natural gas processing plant (2): A facility designed to recover natural gas liquids from a stream of natural gas that may or may not have passed through lease separators and/or field separation facilities. Another function of natural gas processing plants is to control the quality of the processed natural gas stream. Cycling plants are to be considered natural gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-64A, DOE/EIA-0216*
natural gas utility DSM program sponsor: A DSM program sponsored by a natural gas utility that suggests ways to increase the energy efficiency of buildings, to reduce energy costs, to change the usage patterns, or to promote the use of a different energy source. (See DSM Program Sponsor and Utility-Sponsored DSM Program.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
natural gas wellhead price: The wellhead price of natural gas is calculated by dividing the total reported value at the wellhead by the total quantity produced as reported by the appropriate agencies of individual producing states and the U.S. Minerals Management Service. The price includes all costs prior to shipment from the lease, including gathering and compression costs, in addition to state production, severance, and similar charges.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
natural gas, associated-dissolved: The combined volume of natural gas that occurs in crude oil reservoirs either as free gas (associated) or as gas in solution with crude oil (dissolved).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
natural gas, dry: The marketable portion of natural gas production, that is obtained by subtracting extraction losses, including natural gas liquids removed at natural gas processing plants, from total production.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
natural gas, nonassociated: Natural gas not in contact with significant quantities of crude oil in a reservoir.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
natural gas, wet after lease separation: The volume of natural gas remaining after removal of lease condensate in lease and/or field separation facilities, if any, and after exclusion of nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Natural gas liquids may be recovered from volumes of natural gas, wet after lease separation, at natural gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0216*
natural gas, wet: Natural gas prior to the extraction of liquids and other miscellaneous products.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
natural gasoline and isopentane: A mixture of hydrocarbons mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includes isopentane which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon (C5H12), obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
natural gasoline: A mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and heavier) extracted from natural gas that meets vapor pressure, end-point, and other specifications for natural gasoline set by the Gas Processors Association. Includes isopentane, which is a saturated branch-chain hydrocarbon (C5H12), obtained by fractionation of natural gasoline or isomerization of normal pentane.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219, DOE/EIA-0376*
natural lighting control sensors: A control system that varies the light output of an electric lighting system in response to variations in availalbe daylight. It is sometimes referred to as "daylighting controls" or "photocells." (See Lighting Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
natural reservoir pressure: The energy within an oil or gas reservoir that causes the oil or gas to rise (unassisted by other forces) to the earth's surface when the reservoir is penetrated by an oil or gas well. The energy may be the result of "dissolved gas drive," "gas cap drive," or "water drive." Regardless of the type of drive, the principle is the same: the energy of the gas or water, creating a natural pressure, forces the oil or gas to the well bore.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
natural streamflow: The rate of flow of water past a given point of an uncontrolled stream or regulated streamflow adjusted to eliminate the effects of reservoir storage or upstream diversions at a set time interval.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
natural uranium: Uranium with the U-235 isotope present at a concentration of 0.711 percent (by weight), that is, uranium with its isotopic content exactly as it is found in nature.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
nerc: (See North American Electric Reliability Council.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
net capability: The maximum load-carrying ability of the equipment, exclusive of station use, under specified conditions for a given time interval, independent of the characteristics of the load. (Capability is determined by design characteristics; physical conditions; adequacy of prime mover; energy supply; and operating limitations (such as cooling and circulating water supply, temperature, headwater and tailwater elevations; and electrical use).)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
net cell shipments: Represents the difference between cell shipments and cell purchases.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
net energy for load: Net generation of main generating units that are system-owned or system-operated, plus energy receipts minus energy deliveries.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0531
net energy for system: The sum of energy an electric utility needs to satisfy their service areas, including full and partial requirements consumers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0531*
net energy: (See Consumption and Delivered Energy.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
net generation (1): Gross generation minus plant use from all electric utility-owned plants. The energy required for pumping at a pumped-storage hydroelectric plant is regarded as plant use and must be deducted from the gross generation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-759, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
net generation (2): Gross generation less megawatt hours consumed out of gross generation for station use or auxiliary equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-20
net generation (3): Gross generation less plant use, measured at the high-voltage terminals of the station's step-up transformer.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0174*
net head: The gross head minus all hydraulic losses except those chargeable to the turbine.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
net imports: The uranium imports minus exports in a given delivery period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
net income: Operating income plus other income and extraordinary income less operating expenses, taxes, interest charges, other deductions, and extraordinary deductions.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
net interstate flow of electricity: The difference between the sum of electricity sales and losses within a state and the total amount of electricity generated within that state. A positive number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) came into the state than went out of the state during the year; conversely, a negative number indicates that more electricity (including associated losses) went out of the state than came into the state.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214
net investment in place, additions to:: The current year's expenditures on additions to net investment in place. (See Net Investment In Place.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
net investment in place: The sum of net property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) plus investment and advances to unconsolidated affiliates.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
net module shipments: Represents the difference between module shipments and module purchases. When exported, incomplete modules and unencapsulated cells are also included.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
net ownership interest reserves: Includes all reserve quantities owned, regardless of the type of ownership, e.g., working interest or royalty.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
net ownership interest: The sum of net working interest and royalty interest. Net ownership interest applies to both production and reserves.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
net production: Petroleum products produced at a refinery, natural gas processing plant, or blending plant. Published production of these products equals production minus input. Negative production will occur when the amount of a product produced during the month is less than the amount of that same product that is reprocessed (input) or reclassified to become another product during the same month.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0538
net profits interest: A contractual arrangement under which the beneficiary, in exchange for consideration paid, receives a stated percentage of the net profits. That type of arrangement is considered a nonoperating interest, as distinguished from a working interest, because it does not involve the rights and obligations of operating a mineral property (costs of exploration, development, and operation). The net profits interest does not bear any part of net losses.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
net property investment: The original cost of property, plant, and equipment (PP&E) less accumulated depreciation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
net receipts: The difference between total movements into and total movements out of each PAD District by pipeline, tanker, and barge.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
net summer capability: The steady hourly output that generating equipment is expected to supply to system load, exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by tests at the time during summer peak demand.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
net system capability: The generating station capability of a system at a stated period of time (usually at the time of the system's maximum load) plus capability available at such time from other sources through firm power contacts less firm power obligations at such time to other companies or systems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
net winter capability: The steady output that generating equipment is expected to supply to system load exclusive of auxiliary power as demonstrated by test at the time of winter peak demand.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
net working interest production: Total production accruing to the reporting company's working interest less royalty oil and volumes due others. (See Production, Oil and Gas.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206
net working interest: The reporting company's working interest, not including any basic royalty or overriding royalty interests. (See Working Interest.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384*
netback purchase: Refers to a crude oil purchase agreement wherein the price paid for the crude is determined by sales prices of the types of products that are derivable from that crude as well as other considerations (e.g., transportation and processing costs). Typically, the price is calculated based on product prices extant on or near the cargo's date of importation.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
new field discoveries: The volumes of proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas, and/or natural gas liquids discovered in new fields during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
new field discovery well: The first well drilled on a structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition that indicates the presence of a commercially significant quantity of hydrocarbons that may be produced. The discovery well may be drilled and abandoned without being completed to produce.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
new field: A field discovered during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
new reservoir discoveries in old fields: The volumes of proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas, and/or natural gas liquids discovered during the report year in new reservoir(s) located in old fields.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
new reservoir: A reservoir discovered during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
newly independent states: Consists of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
OPI: EI-20
Sources:
no peaking: Having no metered peak demand. (See Metered Peak Demand.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
no. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuel oils: Distillate fuel oils used in compression-
ignition engines, as designated in ASTM Specification D975:
No. 1-D. A volatile distillate fuel oil with a maximum distillation temperature of 550 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent point for use in high-speed diesel engines generally operated under variations in speed and load. Includes type C-B diesel fuel used for city buses and similar operations. Properties are defined in ASTM Specification D975.
No.2-D. A gas oil type distillate of lower volatility with minimum and maximum distillation temperatures at the 90-percent recovery point of 540 degrees and 640 degrees Fahrenheit for use in high-speed diesel engines generally operated under uniform speed and load conditions. Includes Type R-R diesel fuel used for railroad locomotive engines, and Type T-T for diesel-engine trucks. Properties are defined in ASTM Specification D975.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0545*
no. 1 diesel fuel: A volatile distillate fuel oil with a boiling range between 300 degrees to 575 degrees Fahrenheit and used in high-speed diesel engines generally operated under wide variations in speed and load. Includes type C-B diesel fuel used for city buses and similar opertions. Properties are defined in ASTM Specification D 975.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-821, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
no. 1 distillate +: A petroleum distillate that meets the specifications for No. 1 Heating or Fuel Oil as defined in ASTM D 396 and/or the specification for No. 1 Diesel Fuel as defined in ASTM Specification D 975.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-821, DOE/EIA-0487
no. 1 distillate: A petroleum distillate that meets the specifications for No. 1 heating or fuel oil as defined in ASTM D 396 and/or the specifications for No. 1 diesel fuel as defined in ASTM Specification D975 with distillation temperatures of 420 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-
percent recovery point and 550 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point, and kinematic viscosities between 1.4 and 2.2 centistokes at 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
no. 1 fuel oil: A light distillate fuel oil intended for use in vaporizing pot-type burners. ASTM Specification D396 specifies for this grade maximum distillation temperatures of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point and 550 degrees Fahrenhiet at the 90-percent point and kinematic viscosities between 1.4 and 2.2 centistokes at 100 degress Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-821, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
no. 2 diesel fuel (1): A petroleum distillate which meets the specifications for No. 2 heating or fuel oil as defined in ASTM D 396 and/or the specifications for No. 2 diesel fuel as defined in ASTM Specification D 975 with distillation temperatures of 540 degrees and 640 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point, and kinematic viscosities between 2.0 and 4.3 centistokes at 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
no. 2 diesel fuel (2): A gas oil type distillate of lower volatility, with distillation temperatures at the 90-percent point between 540 degrees and 650 degrees Fahrenheit, for use in high-speed diesel engines generally operated under uniform speed and load conditions. Includes Type R-R diesel fuel used for railroad locomotive engines and Type T-T for diesel-engine trucks. Properties are defined in ASTM Specification D 975.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0487
no. 2 distillate: A petroleum distillate that meets the specifications for No. 2 Heating or Fuel Oil as defined in ASTM D 396 and/or the specifications for No. 2 Diesel Fuel as defined in ASTM Specification D 975 with distillation temperatures of 540 degrees and 640 degrees Fahrenheit at the 90-percent recovery point and and kinematic viscosities between 2.0 and 4.3 centistokes at 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
no. 2 fuel oil +: A distillate fuel oil for use in atomizing-type burners for domestic heating or for moderate capacity commercial-industrial burner units.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
no. 2 fuel oil and no. 2 diesel sold to consumers for all other end uses: Those consumers who purchase fuel oil or diesel fuel for their own use including: commercial/institutional buildings (including apartment buildings), manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments, farms (including farm houses), motor vehicles, commercial or private boats, military, governments, electric utilities, railroads, construction, logging or any other nonresidential end-use purpose.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-863
no. 2 fuel oil sold to private homes for heating: Private household customers who purchase fuel oil for the specific purpose of heating their home, water heating, cooking, etc., excluding farm houses, farming and apartment buildings.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-863
no. 2 fuel oil: A distillate fuel oil for use in atomizing type burners in domestic heating or for moderate capacity commercial-industrial burner units. ASTM Specification D 396 specifies (for this grade distillation) temperatures at the 90-
percent point between 540 degrees and 640 degrees Fahrenheit, and kinematic viscosities between 2.0 and 3.6 centistokes at 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
no. 4 fuel oil: A fuel oil for commercial burner installations not equipped with preheating facilities. It is used extensively in industrial plants. This grade is a blend of distillate fuel oil and residual fuel oil stocks that conforms to ASTM Specification D396 or Federal Specification VV-
F-815C; with minimum and maximum kinematic viscosities between 5.8 and 26.4 centistokes at 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Also included is No. 4-
D, a fuel oil for low and medium-speed diesel engines that conforms to ASTM Specification D975.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-821, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0535*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
no. 5 and no. 6 fuel oil sold directly to the ultimate consumer: Includes ships, mines, smelters, manufacturing plants, electric utilities, drilling, railroad.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-863
no. 5 and no. 6 fuel oil sold to refiners or other dealers who will resale the product: Includes all volumes of No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oil purchased by a trade or business with the intent of reselling the product to the ultimate consumers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-863
noaa division: One of the 345 weather divisions designated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) encompassing the 48 contiguous states. These divisions usually follow county borders to encompass counties with similar weather conditions. The NOAA division does not follow county borders when weather conditions vary considerably within a county; such is likely to happen when the county borders the ocean or contains high mountains. A state contains an average of seven NOAA divisions; a NOAA division contains an average of nine counties.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
noload loss: Power and energy lost by an electric system when not operating under demand.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
nominal price: The price paid for a product or service at the time of the transaction.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384
nonassociated gas: Natural gas in reservoirs that do not contain significant quantities of crude oil.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167
nonbranded product: Any refined petroleum product that is not a branded product.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
noncoincident demand: Sum of two or more demands on individual systems that do not occur in the same demand interval.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
noncoincidental peak load: The sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur in the same time interval. Meaningful only when considering loads within a limited period of time, such as a day, week, month, a heating or cooling season, and usually for not more than 1 year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
nonconventional plant (uranium): A facility engineered and built principally for processing of uraniferous solutions that are produced during in situ leach mining, from heap leaching, or in the manufacture of other commodities, and the recovery, by chemical treatment in the plant's circuits, of uranium from the processing solutions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
nonfirm power: Power or power-producing capacity supplied or available under a commitment having limited or no assured availability.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
nonfuel components: Components that are not associated with a particular fuel. These include, but are not limited to, control spiders, burnable poison rod assemblies, control rod elements, thimble plugs, fission chambers, primary and secondary neutron sources, and BWR channels.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
nonfuel use (of energy): Use of energy as a feedstock or raw material input.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
nonfungible product: A gasoline blend or blendstock that cannot be shipped via existing petroleum product distribution systems because of incompatibility problems. Gasoline/ethanol blends, for example, are contaminated by water that is typically present in petroleum product distribution systems.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
nongovernment owned: Owned by a private-owned utility company, a church, synagogue, or other religious organization or any other type of individual or group, such as, a private business or nonprofit organization. The building may be occupied by more than one nongovernment agency, and may be owner occupied, nonowner occupied or unoccupied.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
nonhydrocarbon gases: Typical nonhydrocarbon gases that may be present in reservoir natural gas, such as carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, EIA-627, DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0384
nonmetropolitan: Buildings not located within Metropolitan Statistical Areas as defined in the 1980 Census.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0464*
nonoperating interest: Any mineral lease interest (e.g., royalty, production payment, net profits interest) that does not involve the rights and obligations of operating a mineral property.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
nonproducing reservoir: Reservoir in which oil and/or gas proved reserves have been identified, but which did not produce during the report year to the owned or contracted interest of the reporting company regardless of the availability and/or operation of production, gathering, or transportation facilities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
nonproducing: A property, well, or mine from which production of commercially recoverable quantities of wasting natural resources has not yet commenced.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
nonrandom sample: A sample selected by a nonrandom method. For example, a scheme whereby units are selected purposively would yield a nonrandom sample. Again, a sample obtained by taking members at fixed intervals on a list is a nonrandom sample unless the list was arranged in a random order.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
nonrequirements consumer: A wholesale consumer (unlike a full or partial requirements consumer) that purchases economic or coordination power to supplement their own or another system's energy needs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
nonresidential building: A building used for some purpose other than residential. Nonresidential buildings comprise three groups: commercial, manufacturing/industrial, and agricultural. Commercial buildings are the focus of this report. See Commercial Building, Manufacturing/ Industrial, Building, Residential, Principal Building Activity, and Out of Scope.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
nonresponse: The failure to obtain information from a designated individual for any reason (death, absence, refusal to reply) is often called a non-
response and the proportion of such individuals of the sample aimed at is called the non-
response rate. It would be better, however, to call this "failure" rate or a "non-achievement" rate and to confine "non-response" to those causes where the individual concerned is contacted but refuses to reply or is unable to do so for reasons such as deafness or illness. Non-availability of information in other situations, e.g. arrival of the investigator for crop-cutting experiments after harvesting, may also be termed non-response, or better, non-
achievement. When several items of information are to be collected for the same sample unit, it may so happen that information is not available for some of the items but available for others. The term non-response is usually not applied in such a situation; but incomplete response or incomplete achievement may be used.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
nonroad alternative fuel vehicle (nonroad AFV): An alternative fuel vehicle designed for off-
road operation and use for surface/air transportation, industrial, or commercial purposes. Nonroad AFVs include forklifts and other industrial vehicles, rail locomotives, self-propelled electric rail cars, aircraft, airport service vehicles, construction vehicles, agricultural vehicles, and marine vessels. Recreational AFVs (golf carts, snowmobiles, pleasure watercraft, etc.) are excluded from the definition.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
nonsampling error: An error in sample estimates that cannot be attributed to sampling fluctuations. Such errors may arise from many different sources such as defects in the frame; faulty demarcation of sample units; defects in the selection of sample units; mistakes in the collection of data due to personal variations, misunderstandings, bias, negligence, or dishonesty on the part of the investigator or of the interviewee, and mistakes at the stage of the processing of the data.
The term "response error" is sometimes used for mistakes in the collection of data and would not, strictly speaking, cover errors due to non-
response. The use of the word "bias" in the place of error, e.g. "response bias," is not uncommon. The term "ascertainment error" (Mahalanobis) is preferable as it would include errors due to non-response and also cases of data collection by methods other than interviewing, e.g. direct physical observation of fields for crop estimates. (See Sampling Error.)
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
nonspinning reserve: The generating capacity not currently running but capable of being connected to the bus and load within a specified time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
nontraceables: Those revenues, costs, assets, and liabilities that cannot be directly attributed to a line of business or that cannot be assigned to a line of business by use of a reasonable allocation method developed on the basis of operating-
level realities.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0384*
nonutilities: (See Nonutility Power Producer (1)).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214
nonutility generation: Electric generation by end-users, or small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act, to supply electric power for industrial, commercial, and military operations, or sales to electric utilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
nonutility power producer (1): A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that owns electric generating capacity and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small-power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) without a designated franchised service area and which do not file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141. (See Electric Utility.)
OPI: EI-50,EI-60, EI-80
Sources: EIA-860, EIA-861, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
nonutility power producer (2): Owns electric generating capacity and is not an electric utility. Nonutility power producers include qualifying cogenerators, qualifying small power producers, and other nonutility generators (including independent power producers) that do not file forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141. A nonutility power producer may have any SIC Code.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
normal butane (C4H100): A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of 31.1 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
normal butane: (See Butane.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
normal degree-days: Annual cooling or heating degree-days averaged over 30 years (from 1951 to 1980) are called Normal Heating Degree-Days. (See Cooling Degree-
Days (CDD) and Heating Degree-Days (HDD).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
north american electric reliability council (nerc): A council formed in 1968 by the electric utility industry to promote the reliability and adequacy of bulk power supply in the electric utility systems of North America. NERC consists of regional reliability councils and encompasses essentially all the power regions of the contiguous United States, Canada, and Mexico. The NERC Regions are:
ASCC - Alaskan System Coordination Council
ECAR - East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement
ERCOT - Electric Reliability Council of Texas
MAIN - Mid-America Interconnected Network
MAAC - Mid-Atlantic Area Council
MAPP - Mid-Continent Area Power Pool
NPCC - Northeast Power Coordinating Council
SERC - Southeastern Electric Reliability Council
SPP - Southwest Power Pool WSCC - Western Systems Coordinating Council
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
nuclear electric power generation: Electricity generated by nuclear reactors of various types such as heavy water, light water, and boiling water. Generation is reported on a net basis and excludes energy that is generally used by the electric powerplant for its own operating purposes and not for commercial use.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
nuclear electric power plant: A single-unit or multiunit facility in which heat produced in one or more reactors by the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive one or more steam turbines.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
nuclear electric power: Electricity generated by an electric power plant whose turbines are driven by steam generated in a reactor by heat from the fissioning of nuclear fuel.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
nuclear fuel operations: All nuclear fuel operations, excluding reactor and reactor component manufacturing or containment construction. Includes exploration and development, mining, milling, conversion, enrichment, fabrication, reprocessing, and spent fuel storage.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
nuclear fuel: Fissionable materials that have been enriched to such a composition that, when placed in a nuclear reactor, will support a self-sustaining fission chain reaction, producing heat in a controlled manner for process use.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
nuclear power plant: A facility in which heat produced in a reactor by the fissioning of nuclear fuel is used to drive a steam turbine.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0436*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
nuclear power: Electricity generated by an electric power plant whose turbines are driven by steam produced in a reactor by heat from the fissioning of nuclear fuel.
OPI: EI-20
Sources: DOE/EIA-0469
nuclear reactor (1): An apparatus in which the nuclear fission chain reaction can be initiated, maintained, and controlled so that energy is released at a specific rate. The reactor apparatus includes fissionable material (fuel) such as uranium or plutonium; fertile material; moderating material (unless it is a fast reactor); a heavy-walled pressure vessel; shielding to protect personnel; provision for heat removal; and control elements and instrumentation.
OPI: EI-20,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0477
nuclear reactor (2): An apparatus in which a nuclear fission reaction, i.e., the spliting of atomic nuclei to release heat energy, can be initiated, controlled, and sustained at a specific rate. A reactor includes fuel (fissionable material), moderating materials to control the rate of fissioning, a heavy-walled pressure vessel to house reactor components, shielding to protect personnel, a system to conduct heat away from the reactor, and instrumentation for monitoring and controlling the reactor's systems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
number of cylinders: In a reciprocating engine, a cylinder in which combustion of fuel occurs and the piston moves, ultimately delivering power to the wheels. Common engine configurations include 4, 6, and 8 cylinders. Generally, the more cylinders a vehicle has, the greater the amount of engine power. However, more cylinders often result in less fuel efficiency. (See Engine Size.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464
number of rooms - lodging: The number of guest rooms or quarters in a short-term residential building, such as a motel, tourist home, or hotel; or the number of bedrooms or residential suites in a long-term facility, such as a dormitory, boarding house, orphanage, convent, monastery, fraternity, or sorority house. (See Principal Building Activity and Special Measures of Occupancy.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318
number of workers in the building (main shift): See Number of Workers in the Building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
number of workers in the building: The number of people working in a building during the main shift on a typical workday during the year. Included in this definition are self-employed workers and volunteers. Excluded from this definition are customers, patients, and students, unless they are working for establishments in the building. Also excluded are employees who work out of the office, such as salespeople who report in, delivery people with routes, and messengers.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
occupancy of building: To occupy is to lease or hold space on a full-
time basis.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
occupancy sensors: These are also known as "ultrasonic switchers." When movement is detected, the lights are turned on and remain on as long as there is movement in the room.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*
occupant control of cooling: Control by individuals, other than maintenance personnel, of the cooling equipment in a building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
occupant control of heating: Control by individuals, other than maintenance personnel, of the heating equipment in a building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
occupied housing unit: A unit in which someone is living as his or her usual or permanent place of residence. (See Housing Unit.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0406*
octane: Boosters are added to gasoline to control pre-
ignition or "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. The grade of the gasoline is often based on the octane rating of the gasoline.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
oem: Original Equipment Manufacturer.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
off highway diesel use: Includes sales for use in:
1. Construction. Construction equipment including earthmoving equipment, cranes, stationary generators, air compressors, etc.
2. Other. Sales for off-highway uses other than construction. Sales for logging are included in this category. Volumes for off-
highway diesel use by the agriculture industry are reported under "Farm Use."
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
off peak gas: Gas that is to be delivered and taken on demand when demand is not at its peak.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
off peak: Period of relatively low system demand. These periods often occur in daily, weekly, and seasonal patterns; these off-peak periods differ for each individual electric utility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
off-hours equipment reduction: A conservation feature where there is a change in the temperature setting or reduction in the use of heating, cooling, domestic hot water heating, lighting or any other equipment either manually or automatically. (See Conservation Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
off-system: Any point not on, or directly interconnected with, a transportation, storage, and/or distribution system operated by a natural gas company within a state.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
offshore reserves and production: Unless otherwise dedicated, reserves and production that are in either state or Federal domains, located seaward of the coastline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0167
offshore: That geographic area that lies seaward of the coastline. In general, the coastline is the line of ordinary low water along with that portion of the coast that is in direct contact with the open sea or the line marking the seaward limit of inland water.
If a state agency uses a different basis for classifying onshore and offshore areas, the state classification should be used (e.g., Cook Inlet in Alaska is classified as offshore; for Louisiana, the coastline is defined as the Chapman Line, as modified by subsequent adjudication).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0384*
ohm: The unit of measurement of electrical resistance. The resistance of a circuit in which a potential difference of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
oil company use: Includes sales to drilling companies, pipelines, or other related oil companies not engaged in the selling of petroleum products. Includes fuel oil that was purchased or produced and used by company facilities for the operation of drilling equipment, other field or refinery operations and for space heating at petroleum refineries, pipeline companies, and oil-drilling companies. Oil used to bunker vessels is counted under vessel bunkering. Sales to other oil companies for field use are included, but sales for use as refinery charging stocks are excluded.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
oil shale: A sedimentary rock containing kerogen, a solid organic material.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
oil stocks: Oil stocks include crude oil (including strategic reserves), unfinished oils, natural gas plant liquids, and refined petroleum products.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0520
oil well (casinghead) gas: Associated and dissolved gas produced along with crude oil from oil completions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
oil well: A well completed for the production of crude oil from at least one oil zone or reservoir. (See Well.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384*
oil: A mixture of hydrocarbons usually existing in the liquid state in natural underground pools or reservoirs. Gas is often found in association with oil. (See Crude Oil (Including Lease Condensate), Petroleum.)
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0384*
old field: A field discovered prior to the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
old reservoir: A reservoir discovered prior to the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
old well drilled deeper: A previously drilled hole that is reentered and deepened by additional drilling. Such wells are reported as (1) oil or gas wells if completed for the production of oil or gas, or (2) dry holes if sufficient quantities of oil or gas are not found to justify completion at the greater depth.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
old well worked over: A previously drilled hole that is reentered for the purpose of improving or establishing production of oil or gas, but no additional footage is drilled.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
on highway diesel use: Includes sales for use in motor vehicles.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
on peak: Periods of relatively high system demand. These periods often occur in daily, weekly, and seasonal patterns; these on-peak periods differ for each individual electric utility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
on-system: Any point on or directly interconnected with a transportation, storage, or distribution system operated by a natural gas company.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0131
one sun: Natural solar insulation falling on an object without concentration or diffusion of the solar rays.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
one-time fee: The fee assessed a nuclear utility for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) or solidified high-level radioactive waste derived from SNF, which fuel was used to generate electricity in a civilian nuclear power reactor prior to April 7, 1983, and which is assessed by applying industry-wide average dollar-per-kilogram charges to four distinct ranges of fuel burnup so that equivalent to an industry-wide average charge of 1.0 mill per kilowatthour.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
onsystem sales: Sales to customers where the delivery point is a point on, or directly interconnected with, a transportation, storage, and/or distribution system operated by the reporting company.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
opec (organization of petroleum exporting countries): The acronym for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, that have organized for the purpose of negotiating with oil companies on matters of oil production, prices, and future concession rights. Current members are Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. The Neutral Zone between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia is considered part of OPEC.
OPI: EI-20,EI-40, EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0545
open market coal: Coal is sold in the open market, i.e., coal sold to companies other than the reporting company's parent company or an operating subsidiary of the parent company.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0064*, DOE/EIA-0118
open refrigeration unit: Refrigeration in cabinets (units) without covers or with flexible covers made of plastic or some other material, hung in strips or curtains (fringed material, usually plastic, that push aside like a bead curtain). Flexible covers stop the flow of warm air into the refrigerated space.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
open: An independent marketer who owns or leases (from a third party who is not a refiner) the station or land of a retail outlet and has use of tanks, pumps, signs, etc. An open dealer typically has a supply agreement with a refiner or a distributor and purchases products at or below dealer tank wagon prices. (See Company Automotive (Retail) Outlet.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
operable (nuclear): A U.S. nuclear generating unit is considered operable after it completes low-power testing and is issued a full-power operating license by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. A foreign nuclear generating unit is considered operable once it has generated electricity to the grid.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
operable capacity: The amount of capacity that, at the beginning of the period, is in operation; not in operation and not under active repair, but capable of being placed in operation within 30 days; or not in operation but under active repair that can be completed within 90 days. Operable capacity is the sum of the operating and idle capacity and is measured in barrels per calendar day or barrels per stream day.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*
operable generators/units: Electric generators or generating units that are available to provide power to the grid or generating units that have been providing power to the grid but are temporarily shut down. This includes units in standby status, units out of service for an indefinite period, and new units that have their construction complete and are ready to provide test generation. A nuclear unit is operable once it receives its Full Power Operating License.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860
operable nuclear unit: A nuclear unit is "operable" after it completes low-power testing and is granted authorization to operate at full power. This occurs when it receives its full power amendment to its operating license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
operable refineries: Refineries that were in one of the following three categories at the beginning of a given year: in operation; not in operation and not under active repair, but capable of being placed into operation within 30 days; or not in operation, but under active repair that could be completed within 90 days.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
operable utilization rate: Represents the use of the atmospheric crude oil distillation units. The rate is calculated by dividing the gross input to these units by the operable refining capacity of the units.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
operable: A unit is operable when it is available to provide power to the grid. For a nuclear unit, this is when it receives its full power amendment to its operating license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-759, DOE/EIA-0095
operated: Exercised management responsibility for the day-
to-day operations of natural gas production, gathering, treating, processing, transportation, storage, and/or distribution facilities and/or a synthetic natural gas plant.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
operating capacity: The component of operable capacity that is in operation at the beginning of the period.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
operating day: A normal business day. Days when a company conducts business due to emergencies or other unexpected events are not included.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
operating expenses: Segment expenses related both to revenue from sales to unaffiliated customers and revenue from intersegment sales or transfers, excluding loss on disposition of property, plant, and equipment; interest expenses and financial charges; foreign currency translation effects; minority interest; and income taxes.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*
operating hours: See Weekly Operating Hours.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
operating income: Operating revenues less operating expenses. Excludes items of other revenue and expense, such as equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, dividends, interest income and expense, income taxes, extraordinary items, and cumulative effects of accounting changes.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
operating ratio: Represents the use of the atmospheric crude oil distillation units. The ratio is calculated by dividing the gross input to these units by the operable refining capacity of the units.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
operating revenues: Segment revenues both from sales to unaffiliated customers (i.e., revenue from customers outside the enterprise as reported in the company's consolidated income statement) and from intersegment sales or transfers, if any, of product and services similar to those sold to unaffiliated customers, excluding equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates; dividend and interest income; gain on disposition of property, plant, and equipment; and foreign currency translation effects.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
operating subsidiary: Company that operates a coal mining operation and is owned by another company (i.e., the parent company).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*
operating utilization rate: Represents the use of the atmospheric crude oil distillation units. The rate is calculated by dividing the gross input to these units by the operating refining capacity of the units.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109
operation and maintenance expenses: Operation expenses are associated with operating a facility (i.e., supervising and engineering expenses). Maintenance expenses are that portion of expenses consisting of labor, materials, and other direct and indirect expenses incurred for preserving the operating efficiency or physical condition of utility plants that are used for power production, transmission, and distribution of energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
operation expenses: The components of power production expenses that incur cost for operations that are directly related to producing electricity. The major item is almost always fuel that has to be burned to generate the electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
operation supervising and engineering (expense): These expenses include the cost of labor and expenses incurred in the general supervision and direction of the operation of power generation stations. The supervision and engineering costs consist of the pay and expenses of staff and consultants engaged in supervision and directing the operation of each utility function. Direct supervision and engineering of activities, such as fuel handling, boiler room operations, and generator operations, are charged to the appropriate accounts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
operator (1): The person responsible for the management and day-to-day operation of one or more natural gas processing plants as of December 31 of the calendar year. The operator is generally a working-interest owner or a company under contract to the working-interest owner(s). Plants shut down during the calendar year are also considered "operated" as of December 31. (See Person.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-64A
operator (2): The person responsible for the management and day-to-day operation of one or more crude oil and/or natural gas wells as of December 31, 1991. The operator is generally a working-
interest owner or a company under contract to the working-interest owner(s). Wells included are those that have proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas, and/or lease condensate in the reservoirs associated with them, whether or not they are producing. Wells abandoned during 1991 are also to be considered "operated" as of December 31, 1991. (See Person, Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Proved Reserves of Natural Gas, Proved Reserves of Lease Condensate, Report Year, and Reservoir.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23
operator +: The company responsible for the management and day-to-day operations of natural gas production, gathering, treating, processing, transportation, storage, and/or distribution facilities and/or a synthetic natural gas plant.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
operator, gas plant: The person responsible for the management and day-to-day operation of one or more natural gas processing plants as of December 31 of the report year. The operator is generally a working-
interest owner or a company under contract to the working-interest owner(s). Plants shut down during the report year are also to be considered "operated" as of December 31. (See Person.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
operator, oil and/or gas well: The person responsible for the management and day-to-day operation of one or more crude oil and/or natural gas wells as of December 31 of the report year. The operator is generally a working-interest owner or a company under contract to the working-interest owner(s). Wells included are those that have proved reserves of crude oil, natural gas, and/or lease condensate in the reservoirs associated with them, whether or not they are producing. Wells abandoned during the report year are also to be considered "operated" as of December 31. (See Person, Proved Reserves of Crude Oil, Proved Reserves of Natural Gas, Proved Reserves of Lease Condensate, Report Year, and Reservoir.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
optional delivery commitment: A provision to allow the conditional purchase or sale of a specific quantity of material in addition to the firm quantity in the contract.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
order: A ruling issued by a utility commission granting or denying an application in whole or in part. The order explains the basis for the decision, noting any dispute with the factual assertions of the applicant. Also applied to a final regulation of a utility commission.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
organization for economic cooperation and development (oecd): Current members are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and its territories (Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands), and Germany.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
organization of petroleum exporting countries (opec): Countries that have organized for the purpose of negotiating with oil companies on matters of oil production, prices, and future concession rights. Current members are Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
origin: The primary ethnic background of the person considered to be the householder.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0464*
original cost: The initial amount of money spent to acquire an asset. It is equal to the price paid, or present value of the liability incurred, or fair value of stock issued, plus normal incidental costs necessary to put the asset into its initial use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
original equipment manufacturer (OEM) (1): A non-photovoltaic manufacturer that combines photovoltaic technology into existing or newly developed product lines.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
original equipment manufacturer (OEM) (2): A person or company that provides the original design and materials for manufacture, and engages in the assembly of the product. The OEM is directly responsible for manufacture and modification to vehicles, makes the vehicles commerically available, and provides a warranty for the entire finished product. OEMs also include persons or companies that import vehicles for resale.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
original equipment manufacturer converted vehicle: An OEM vehicle modified to operate on a different fuel (or fuels) prior to first sale or use. OEM converted vehicles include vehicles modified by a conversion company under agreement with an OEM (Warranty coverage is handled by the OEM, or handled jointly by the OEM and conversion company.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
original equipment manufacturer vehicle (1): A vehicle produced and marketed by an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM). This term applies to gasoline and diesel vehicles as well as alternative fuel vehicles.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
original equipment manufacturer vehicle (2): An alternative-fuel vehicle that was originally manufactured as an alternative-fuel vehicle. A vehicle that was manufactured by an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) but converted to an alternative-fuel vehicle through a contract between a conversion company and the OEM, is considered to be an OEM vehicle as long as that vehicle is still covered under the OEM's warranty.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
original equipment manufacturer vehicle converter: An organization or individual that performs vehicle conversions under agreement with an OEM.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
other DSM assistance programs: A DSM program assistance that includes an alternative-rate, fuel-switching, and any other DSM assistance programs that are offered to consumers to encourage their participation in DSM programs. (See Alternative-Rate DSM Program Assistance, DSM Program Assistance, and Fuel-
Switching DSM Program Assistance.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
other capital costs: Costs for items or activities not included elsewhere under capital-cost tabulations, such as for and decommissioning, dismantling, and reclamation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
other end users: For motor gasoline, all direct sales to end users other than those made through company outlets. For No. 2 distillate, all direct sales to end users other than residential, commercial/institutional, industrial sales, and sales through company outlets. Included in the "other end users" category are sales to utilities and agricultural users.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
other energy operations: Energy operations not included under Petroleum or Coal. "Other energy" includes nuclear, oil shale, tar sands, coal liquefaction and gasification, geothermal, solar, and other forms of nonconventional energy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
other finished: Motor gasoline not included in the oxygenated or reformulated gasoline categories. (See Motor Gasoline Finished.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M
other gas: Includes manufactured gas, coke-oven gas, blast-
furnace gas, and refinery gas. Manufactured gas is obtained by distillation of coal, by the thermal decomposition of oil, or by the reaction of steam passing through a bed of heated coal or coke.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0455
other generation: Electricity originating from these sources: biomass, fuel cells, geothermal heat, solar power, waste, wind, and wood.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0095
other hydrocarbons: Materials received by a refinery and consumed as a raw material. Includes hydrogen, coal tar derivatives, gilsonite, and natural gas received by the refinery for reforming into hydrogen. Natural gas to be used as fuel is excluded.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0520*
other industrial plant: Industrial users, not including coke plants, engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of materials or substances into new products (manufacturing); and companies engaged in the agriculture, mining, or construction industries.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0121
other oils equal to or greater than 401 degrees Fahrenheit: Oils with a boiling range equal to or greater than 401 degrees Fahrenheit that are intended for use as a petrochemical feedstock. (See Petrochemical Feedstocks.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
other operating costs: Costs for other items or activities not included elsewhere in operating-cost tabulations, but required to support the calculation of a cutoff grade for ore reserves estimation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
other oxygenates: Other aliphatic alcohols and aliphatic ethers intended for motor gasoline blending (e.g., isopropyl ether (IPE) or n-propanol).
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0202
other refiners: Refiners with a total refinery capacity in the United States and its possessions of less than 275,000 barrels per day as of January 1, 1982.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487
other service to public authorities: Electricity supplied to municipalities, divisions or agencies of state or Federal governments, under special contracts or agreements or service classifications applicable only to public authorities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
other supply contracts: Any contracted gas supply other than owned reserves, producer-contracted reserves, and interstate pipeline purchases that are used for acts and services for which the company has received certificate authorization from FERC. Purchases from intrastate pipelines pursuant to Section 311(b) of the NGPA of 1978 are included with other supply contracts.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
other trucks/vans: Those trucks and vans that weigh more than 8,500 lbs. GVW.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
other unavailable capability: Net capability of main generating units that are unavailable for load for reasons other than full-
forced outage or scheduled maintenance. Legal restrictions or other causes make these units unavailable.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0531
other: The "other" category is defined as representing electricity consumers not elsewhere classified. This category includes public street and highway lighting service, public authority service to public authorities, railroad and railway service, and interdepartmental services.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826
out of scope: Violating one or more of the requirements for eligibility in the survey, therefore not included in the population covered by CBECS. (See In Scope.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
outage: The period during which a generating unit, transmission line, or other facility is out of service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
outer continental shelf: Offshore Federal domain.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
output: The amount of power or energy produced by a generating unit, station, or system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
outside central city: (See Central City and Suburban.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464
oven: An appliance that is an enclosed compartment supplied with heat and used for cooking food. Toaster ovens are not considered ovens. The range stove top or burners and the oven are considered two separate appliances, although they are often purchased as one appliance. (See Appliances.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
overburden ratio: Overburden ratio refers to the amount of overburden that must be removed to excavate a given quantity of coal. It is commonly expressed in cubic yards per ton of coal, but is sometimes expressed as a ratio comparing the thickness of the overburden with the thickness of the coalbed.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
overburden: Any material, consolidated or unconsolidated, that overlies a coal deposit.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064, DOE/EIA-0118*
overriding royalty: A royalty interest, in addition to the basic royalty, created out of the working interest; it is, therefore, limited in its duration to the life of the lease under which it is created.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
owned reserves: Any reserve of natural gas that the reporting company owns as a result of oil and gas leases, fee-mineral ownership, royalty reservations, or lease or royalty reservations and assignments committed to services under certificate authorizations by FERC. Company-owned recoverable natural gas in underground storage is classified as owned reserves.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
owned/rented: The relationship of a housing unit's occupants to the structure itself, not the land on which the structure is located. "Owned" means the owner or co-owner is a member of the household and the housing unit is either fully paid for or mortgaged. A household is classified "rented" even if the rent is paid by someone not living in the unit. "Rent-free" means the unit is not owned or being bought and no money is paid or contracted for rent. Such units are usually provided in exchange for services rendered or as an allowance or favor from a relative or friend not living in the unit. Unless shown separately, rent-free households are grouped with rented households.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
owner occupied: Having the owner or the owner's business represented at the site. A building is considered owner occupied if an employee or representative of the owner (such as a building engineer or building manager) maintains office space in the building. Similarly, a chain store is considered owner occupied even though the actual owner may not be in the building but headquartered elsewhere. Other examples of the owner's business occupying a building include State-owned university buildings, elementary and secondary schools owned by a public school district, and a post office where the building is owned by the U.S. Postal Service.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
owners equity: Interest of the owners in the assets of the business represented by capital contributions and retained earnings.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
ownership of building: The individual, agency, or organization that owns the building. For CBECS, building ownership is grouped into the following categories: Federal, State, or local government agency; a privately owned utility company; a church, synagogue, or other religious group; or any other type of individual or group.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
ownership: (See Owned/Rented.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0314
oxygenated gasoline (EPA Approved): Gasoline formulated for use in motor vehicles that has an oxygen content of 1.8 percent or higher by weight.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0202*
oxygenated gasoline: See Motor Gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380
oxygenates +: Oxygenates include both alcohols and ethers used as octane boosting additives for gasoline (e.g., methyl tertiary butyl ether).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545
oxygenates: Any substance that, when added to gasoline, increases the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Through a series of waivers and interpretive rules, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has determined the allowable limits for oxygenates in unleaded gasoline. The "Substantially Similar" Interpretive Rules (56 FR (February 11, 1991)) allows blends of aliphatic alcohols other than methanol and aliphatic ethers, provided the oxygen content does not exceed 2.7 percent by weight. The "Substantially Similar" Interpretive Rules also provides for blends of methanol up to 0.3 percent by volume (exclusive of other oxygenates), and butanol or alcohols of a higher molecular weight up to 2.75 percent by weight. Individual waivers pertaining to the use of oxygenates in unleaded gasoline have been issued by the EPA. They include:
Fuel Ethanol. Blends of up to 10 percent by volume anhydrous ethanol (200 proof) (commonly referred to as the "gasohol waiver").
Methanol. Blends of methanol and gasoline-
grade tertiary butyl alcohol (GTBA) such that the total oxygen content does not exceed 3.5 percent by weight and the ratio of methanol to GTBA is less than or equal to 1. It is also specified that this blended fuel must meet ASTM volatility specifications (commonly referred to as the "ARCO" waiver).
Blends of up to 5.0 percent by volume methanol with a minimum of 2.5 percent by volume co-solvent alcohols having a carbon number of 4 or less (i.e., ethanol, propanol, butanol, and/or GTBA). The total oxygen must not exceed 3.7 percent by weight, and the blend must meet ASTM volatility specifications as well as phase separation and alcohol purity specifications (commonly referred to as the "DuPont" waiver).
MTBE (Methyl tertiary butyl ether). Blends up to 15.0 percent by volume MTBE that must meet the ASTM D4814 specifications. Blenders must take precautions that the blends are not used as base gasolines for other oxygenated blends (commonly referred to as the "Sun" waiver).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, DOE/EIA-0109
pVcs that convert sunlight directly into energy: A method for producing energy by converting sunlight using photovoltaic cells (PVCs) that are solid-state single converter devices. Although currently not in wide usage, commercial customers have a growing interest in usage and, therefore, DOE has a growing interest in the impact of PVCs on energy consumption. Economically, PVCs are competitive with other sources of electricity.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
packaged air conditioning units: Usually mounted on the roof or on a slab beside the building. (These are known as self-
contained units, or Direct Expansion (DX). They contain air conditioning equipment as well as fans, and may or may not include heating equipment.) These are self-contained units that contain the equipment that generates cool air and the equipment that distributes the cooled air. These units commonly consume natural gas or electricity. The units are mounted on the rooftop, exposed to the elements. They typically blow cool air into the building through duct work, but other types of distribution systems may exist. The units usually serve more than one room. There are often several units on the roof of a single building. Also known as: Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners (PTAC).
These packaged units are often constructed as a single unit for heating and for cooling.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
packaged cooling units: (See Packaged Units.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
packaged heating units: (See Packaged Units.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
packaged units: Units built and assembled at a factory and installed as a self-contained unit to heat or cool all or portions of a building. Packaged units are in contrast to engineer-specified units built up from individual components for use in a given building. "Packaged Units" can apply to heating equipment, cooling equipment, or combined heating and cooling equipment. Some types of electric packaged units are also called "Direct Expansion" or DX units. (See Cooling, HVAC, and Space Heating.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
pad district: Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts
PAD District I:
Subdistrict IA: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont.
Subdistrict IB: Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania.
Subdistrict IC: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia.
PAD District II:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Wisconsin.
PAD District III:
Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas, Federal Offshore Gulf.
PAD District IV:
Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming.
PAD District V: Alaska (North Slope and Other Mainland), Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Federal Offshore California.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0535*
parabolic dish: A high-temperature (above 180 degrees Fahrenheit) solar thermal concentrator, generally bowl-shaped, with two-axis tracking.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0174
parabolic trough: A high-temperature (above 180 degrees Fahrenheit) solar thermal concentrator with the capacity for tracking the sun using one axis of rotation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
paraffin (oil): A light-colored, wax-free oil obtained by pressing paraffin distillate.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
paraffin (wax): The wax removed from paraffin distillates by chilling and pressing. When separating from solutions, it is a colorless, more or less translucent, crystalline mass, without odor and taste, slightly greasy to touch, and consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons in which the paraffin series predominates.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
parent and affiliated firms: A parent and those firms which are its (a) consolidated and (b) unconsolidated entities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-182
parent and its consolidated entities: A parent and those firms (if any) directly or indirectly controlled by the parent that are consolidated with the parent for purposes of financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles historically and consistently applied. An individual shall be deemed to control a firm that is directly or indirectly controlled by him or by his father, mother, spouse, children, or grandchildren.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-182
parent company (1): A company that solely or jointly owns a subsidiary and is not owned itself by another company.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
parent company (2): The parent company of a business entity is an affiliated company that exercises ultimate control over that entity, either directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries. (See Affiliated (Associated) Company and Control.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
parent: A firm that directly or indirectly controls another entity.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863
partial requirements consumer: A wholesale consumer with generating resources insufficient to carry all its load and whose energy seller is a long-term firm power source supplemental to the consumer's own generation or energy received from others. The terms and conditions of sale are similar to those for a full requirements consumer.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
passive solar features: "Passive solar" refers to a deliberate approach to designing buildings to make use of natural ways to heat buildings in the winter and keep them cool in the summer. Passive solar design features include orienting the building on the lot so that large window areas face south to capture sunlight during the winter months; building "overhangs" on the south-facing windows to keep the sun from overheating the building during the summer; using certain types of building material to absorb heat during the day and release heat at night; and planting trees and vegetation to minimize heat gain in the building during the summer.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
passive solar heating: A solar heating system that uses no external mechanical power (such as pumps or blowers) to move the collected solar heat. (See Passive Solar Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
passive solar: A system in which solar energy alone is used for the transfer of thermal energy. Pumps, blowers, or other heat transfer devices that use energy other than solar are not used. (See Active Solar.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
payables to municipality: The amounts payable by the utility department to the municipality or its other departments that are subject to current settlement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
payment method for utilities: The method by which fuel suppliers or utility companies are paid for all electricity, natural gas, fuel oil, kerosene, or liquefied petroleum gas used by a household. Households that pay the utility company directly are classified as "all paid by household." Households that pay directly for at least one but not all of their fuels used and that has at least one fuel charge included in the rent were classified as "some paid, some included in rent." Households for which all fuels used are included in rent were classified as "all included in rent." If the household did not fall into one of these categories, it was classified as "other." Examples of households falling into the "other" category are: (1) households for which fuel bills were paid by a social service agency or a relative, and (2) households that paid for some of their fuels used but paid for other fuels through another arrangement.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
peak day withdrawal: The maximum daily withdrawal rate (Mcf/d) experienced during the reporting period.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191
peak demand: The maximum load during a specified period of time.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
peak intensity: The ratio of peak demand to floorspace, usually determined only for electricity. (See Peak Demand and Floorspace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
peak kilowatt: One thousand peak watts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
peak load month: The month of greatest plant electrical generation during the winter heating season (Oct-
Mar) and summer cooling season (Apr-Sept), respectively.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
peak load plant: A plant usually housing old, low-efficiency steam units, gas turbines, diesels, or pumped-
storage hydroelectric equipment normally used during the peak-load periods.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
peak load: The maximum load during a specified period of time.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
peak megawatt: One million peak watts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
peak watt: A manufacturer's unit indicating the amount of power a photovoltaic cell or module will produce at standard test conditions (normally 1,000 watts per square meter and 25 degrees Celsius).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
peaking capacity: Capacity of generating equipment normally reserved for operation during the hours of highest daily, weekly, or seasonal loads. Some generating equipment may be operated at certain times as peaking capacity and at other times to serve loads on an around-the-clock basis.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
peat: Peat consists of partially decomposed plant debris. It is considered an early stage in the development of coal. Peat is distinguished from lignite by the presence of free cellulose and a high moisture content (exceeding 70 percent). The heat content of air-dried peat (about 50 percent moisture) is about 9 million Btu per ton. Most U.S. peat is used as a soil conditioner. The first U.S. electric power plant fueled by peat began operation in Maine in 1990.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
pentanes plus: A mixture of hydrocarbons, mostly pentanes and heavier, extracted from natural gas. Includes isopentane, natural gasoline, and plant condensate.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214
percent cooled: The percentage of the building's square footage that is cooled to meet the comfort requirements of the occupants. (See Square Footage.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
percent heated: The percentage of the building's square footage designed to be heated to at least 50 degrees Fahrenheit. (See Total Square Footage and Space Heating.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
percent lit when closed: The percentage of the building's square footage that is lit electrically during all hours other than the usual operating hours. (See Percent Lit When Open, Square Footage, and Weekly Operating Hours.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
percent lit when open: The percentage of the building's square footage that is lit electrically during usual operating hours. (See Percent Lit When Closed, Square Footage and Weekly Operating Hours.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
percent vacant for at least three months: The percent of the building that is unoccupied for at least three consecutive months that is usually occupied at full capacity.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
percent window glass: The percentage of the building's exterior wall construction material made of glass that can be seen through from the inside of the building. This percentage excludes glass covered or constructed of glass material that cannot be seen through. (See Decorative or Construction Glass and Window or Vision Glass.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
percentiles: The set of partition values that divide the total frequency into one hundred equal parts. This particular set of values is most used in education and psychology. Some writers prefer to use the term "centile" rather than "percentile."
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
permanent differences: Differences between taxable income and pretax acccounting income arising from transactions that, under applicable tax laws and regulations, will not be offset by corresponding differences or "turnaround" in other periods. (See Timing Differences.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
permanently discharged fuel: Spent nuclear fuel for which there are no plans for reinsertion in the reactor core.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
persian gulf: The countries that surround the Persian Gulf are: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825
person-year: One whole year, or fraction thereof, worked by an employee, including contracted manpower. Expressed as a quotient (to two decimal places) of the time units worked during a year (hours, weeks, or months) divided by the like total time units in a year. For example: 80 hours worked is 0.04 (rounded) of a person-year; 8 weeks worked is 0.15 (rounded) of a person-year; 12 months worked is 1.0 person-year. Contracted manpower includes survey crews, drilling crews, consultants, and other persons who worked under contract to support a firm's ongoing operations.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
person: An individual, a corporation, a partnership, an association, a joint-stock company, a business trust, or an unincorporated organization.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-23, EIA-28, EIA-64A, DOE/EIA-0216
personal computer: A microcomputer for producing written, programmed, or coded material; playing games; or doing calculations. Laptop and notebook computers are excluded.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
petrochemical feedstocks: Chemical feedstocks derived from petroleum principally for the manufacture of chemicals, synthetic rubber, and a variety of plastics.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*
petrochemicals: Organic and inorganic compounds and mixtures that include but are not limited to organic chemicals, cyclic intermediates, plastics and resins, synthetic fibers, elastomers, organic dyes, organic pigments, detergents, surface active agents, carbon black, and ammonia.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
petroleum (1): Hydrocarbon mixtures broadly defined to include crude oil, lease condensate, natural gas, products of natural gas processing plants (plant products), refined products, and semifinished products and blending materials.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*
petroleum (2): Petroleum includes residual and distillate fuel oils, crude oil, and all other petroleum fuels, excluding petroleum coke.
OPI: EI-20,EI-40, EI-50
Sources: EIA-767, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
petroleum - (crude oil): A naturally occurring, oily, flammable liquid composed principally of hydrocarbons. Crude oil is occasionally found in springs or pools but usually is drilled from wells beneath the earth's surface.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
petroleum administration for defense (pad) districts: Geographic aggregations of the 50 States and the District of Columbia into five districts by the Petroleum Administration for Defense in 1950. These districts were originally instituted for economic and geographic reasons as Petroleum Administration for War (PAW) Districts, which was established in 1942.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
petroleum administration for defense districts (padd): Five geographical areas into which the nation was divided by the Petroleum Administration for Defense for purposes of administration. These PADDs include the States listed below:
PADD I:
PADD IX: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
PADD IY: Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania.
PADD IZ: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia.
PADD II: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wisconsin.
PADD III. Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Texas.
PADD IV: Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming.
PADD V:Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
petroleum coke, catalyst: The carbonaceous residue that is deposited on and deactivates the catalyst used in many catalytic operations (e.g., catalytic cracking). Carbon is deposited on the catalyst, thus deactivating the catalyst. The catalyst is reactivated by burning off the carbon, which is used as a fuel in the refining process. That carbon or coke is not recoverable in a concentrated form.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
petroleum coke, marketable: Those grades of coke produced in delayed or fluid cokers that may be recovered as relatively pure carbon. Marketable petroleum coke may be sold as is or further purified by calcining.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
petroleum coke: A residue, the final product of the condensation process in cracking. This product is reported as marketable coke or catalyst coke. The conversion factor is 5 barrels per short ton.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
petroleum consumption: The sum of all refined petroleum products supplied. For each refined petroleum product, the amount supplied is calculated by adding production and imports, then subtracting changes in primary stocks (net withdrawals are a plus quantity and net additions are a minus quantity) and exports.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0384
petroleum imports: Imports of petroleum into the 50 states and the District of Columbia from foreign countries and from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and other U.S. territories and possessions. Included are imports for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and withdrawals from bonded warehouses for onshore consumption, offshore bunker use, and military use. Excluded are receipts of foreign petroleum into bonded warehouses and into U.S. territories and U.S. Foreign Trade Zones.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
petroleum jelly: A semi-solid oily product produced from de-
waxing lubricating oil basestocks.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
petroleum products supplied: (See Petroleum Consumption.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
petroleum products: Petroleum products are obtained from the processing of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas, and other hydrocarbon compounds. Petroleum products include unfinished oils, liquefied petroleum gases, pentanes plus, aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, naphtha-type jet fuel, kerosene-type jet fuel, kerosene, distillate fuel oil, residual fuel oil, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, still gas, and miscellaneous products.
OPI: EI-20,EI-40, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0520, DOE/EIA-0545
petroleum refinery: An installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and alcohol.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-14
petroleum stocks, primary: For individual products, quantities that are held at refineries, in pipelines and at bulk terminals that have a capacity of 50,000 barrels or more, or that are in transit thereto. Stocks held by product retailers and resellers, as well as tertiary stocks held at the point of consumption, are excluded. Stocks of individual products held at gas processing plants are excluded from individual product estimates but are included in other oils estimates and total.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
photovoltaic and solar thermal energy (as used at electric utilities): Energy radiated by the sun as electromagnetic waves (electromagnetic radiation) that is converted at electric utilities into electricity by means of solar (photovoltaic) cells or concentrating (focusing) collectors.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
photovoltaic cell: An electronic device consisting of layers of semiconductor materials fabricated to form a junction (adjacent layers of materials with different electronic characteristics) and electrical contacts and being capable of converting incident light directly into electricity (direct current).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0174
photovoltaic cells (PVC's): A device that produces electrical current by converting light or similar radiation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
photovoltaic module: An integrated assembly of interconnected photovoltaic cells designed to deliver a selected level of working voltage and current at its output terminals, packaged for protection against environmental degradation, and suited for incorporation in photovoltaic power systems.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174, DOE/EIA-0384*
pink sheet: (See Housing Unit Record Sheet.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
pipeline (petroleum): Crude oil and product pipelines used to transport crude oil and petroleum products, respectively (including interstate, intrastate, and intracompany pipelines), within the 50 states and the District of Columbia.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0538
pipeline fuel: Gas consumed in the operation of pipelines, primarily in compressors.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131
pipeline purchases: Gas supply contracted from and volumes purchased from other natural gas companies as defined by the Natural Gas Act, as amended (52 Stat. 821), excluding independent producers, as defined in Paragraph 154.91(a), Chapter I, Title 18 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
pipeline: A continuous pipe conduit, complete with such equipment as valves, compressor stations, communications systems, and meters for transporting natural and/or supplemental gas from one point to another, usually from a point in or beyond the producing field or processing plant to another pipeline or to points of utilization. Also refers to a company operating such facilities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0384*
pipelines, rate regulated: FRS establishes three pipeline segments: crude/liquid (raw materials); natural gas; and refined products. The pipelines included in these segments are all Federally or state rate-
regulated pipeline operations, which are included in the reporting company's consolidated financial statements. However, at the reporting company's option, intrastate pipeline operations may be included in the U.S. Refining/Marketing Segment if: they would comprise less than 5 percent of U.S. Refining/Marketing Segment net PP&E, revenues, and earnings in the aggregate; and if the inclusion of such pipelines in the consolidated financial statements adds less than $100 million to the net PP&E reported for the U.S. Refining/Marketing Segment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
place in service: A vehicle is placed in service if that vehicle is new to the fleet and has not previously been in service for the fleet. These vehicles can be acquired as additional vehicles (increases the size of the company fleet), or as replacement vehicles to replace vehicles that are being retired from service (does not increase the size of the company fleet).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
planned generator: A proposal by a company to install electric generating equipment at an existing or planned facility or site. The proposal is based on the owner having obtained either (1) all environmental and regulatory approvals, (2) a signed contract for the electric energy, or (3) financial closure for the facility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
plant (1): Commonly used as a synonym for an establishment. However, the term can also be used to refer to a particular process within an establishment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
plant (2): A facility at which are located prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or nuclear energy into electric energy. A plant may contain more than one type of prime mover. Electric utility plants exclude facilities that satisfy the definition of a qualifying facility under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
plant condensate: One of the natural gas liquids, mostly pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons, recovered and separated as liquids at gas inlet separators or scrubbers in processing plants.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545
plant hours connected to load: The number of hours the plant is synchronized to load over a time interval usually of 1 year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
plant liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids recovered in natural gas processing plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
plant or gas processing plant: A facility designated to achieve the recovery of natural gas liquids from the stream of natural gas, which may or may not have been processed through lease separators and field facilities, and to control the quality of the natural gas to be marketed.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
plant products: Natural gas liquids recovered from natural gas processing plants (and in some cases from field facilities), including ethane, propane, butane, butane-propane mixtures, natural gasoline, plant condensate, and lease condensate.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
plant use: The electric energy used in the operation of a plant. Included is the energy required for pumping at pump-storage plants.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
plant-use electricity: The electric energy used in the operation of a plant. This energy total is subtracted from the gross energy production of the plant.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
plastic coverings: Transparent material in good condition (no holes or tears) used to cover a window or other opening in the housing unit in an attempt to reduce heat loss or gain. The coverings are removed each year and not reused. (See Storm Window.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
plastic, rubber, or synthetic roofing: A layer of heavy gauge plastic, rubber, or other synthetic that is used for roofing.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
plugged-back footage: Under certain conditions, drilling operations may be continued to a greater depth than that at which a potentially productive formation is found. If production is not established at the greater depth, the well may be completed in the shallower formation. Except in special situations, the length of the well bore from the deepest depth at which the well is completed to the maximum depth drilled is defined as "plugged-
back footage." Plugged-back footage is included in total footage drilled but is not reported separately.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
plutonium (Pu): A heavy, fissionable, radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 94) that occurs naturally in trace amounts. It can also result as a byproduct of the fission reaction in a uranium-
fuel nuclear reactor and can be recovered for future use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
point of use water-heating system: See Distributed/Point-of-Use Water Heating System.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
pole-mile: A unit of measuring the simple length of a transmission line carrying electric conductors, without regard to the number of conductors carried.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
pondage: The amount of water stored behind a hydroelectric dam of relatively small storage capacity; the dam is usually used for daily or weekly control of the flow of the river.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
pool site: One or more spent fuel storage pools that has a single cask loading area. Each dry cask storage area is considered a separate site.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
pool: In general, a reservoir. In certain situations, a pool may consist of more than one reservoir. (See Field Area.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216, DOE/EIA-0370
population-weighted degree-days: Heating or cooling degree-days weighted by the population of the area in which the degree-days are recorded. To compute national population-
weighted degree-days, the Nation is divided into nine Census regions comprised of from three to eight states that are assigned weights based on the ratio of the population of the region to the total population of the nation. Degree-day readings for each region are multiplied by the corresponding population weight for each region, and these products are then summed to arrive at the national population weighted degree-day figure.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0538
portable electric heater: A heater that uses electricity and that can be picked up and moved.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
portable fan: Box fans, oscillating fans, table or floor fans, or other fans that can be moved. (See Whole-
House Cooling Fan, Exhaust Fan, Window or Ceiling Fan, and Furnace Fan.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
portable kerosene heater: A heater that uses kerosene and that can be picked up and moved.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
potential consumption: The total amount of consumption that would have occurred had the intensity of consumption remained the same over a period of time.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
pounds (district heat): A weight quantity of steam, also used to denote a quantity of energy in the form of steam. The amount of usable energy obtained from a pound of steam depends on its temperature and pressure at the point of consumption and on the drop in pressure after consumption. (See Btu, District Steam, and District Heat.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
power (electrical): An electric measurement unit of power called a voltampere is equal to the product of 1 volt and 1 ampere. This is equivalent to 1 watt for a direct current system, and a unit of apparent power is separated into real and reactive power. Real power is the work-producing part of apparent power that measures the rate of supply of energy and is denoted as kilowatts (kW). Reactive power is the portion of apparent power that does no work and is referred to as kilovars; this type of power must be supplied to most types of magnetic equipment, such as motors, and is supplied by generator or by electrostatic equipment. Voltamperes are usually divided by 1,000 and called kilovoltamperes (kVA). Energy is denoted by the product of real power and the length of time utilized; this product is expressed as kilowathours.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
power ascension: The period of time between a plant's initial fuel loading date and its date of first commercial operation (including the low-power testing period). Plants in the first operating cycle (the time from initial fuel loading to the first refueling), which lasts approximately 2 years, operate at an average capacity factor of about 40 percent.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
power factor: The ratio of real power (kilowatt) to apparent power kilovolt-ampere for any given load and time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
power loss: The difference between power input and output as a result of the transfer of energy between two points; sometimes referred to as capacity loss.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
power pool: An association of two or more interconnected electric systems having an agreement to coordinate operations and planning for improved reliability and efficiencies.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
power production plant: All the land and land rights, structures and improvements, boiler or reactor vessel equipment, engines and engine-driven generator, turbogenerator units, accessory electric equipment, and miscellaneous power plant equipment are grouped together for each individual facility.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
power transfer limit: The maximum power that can be transferred from one electric utility system to another without overloading any facility in either system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
power: The rate at which energy is transferred. Electrical energy is usually measured in watts. Also used for a measurement of capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
powerhouse: A structure at a hydroelectric plant site that contains the turbine and generator.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
pp&e, additions to: The current year's expenditures on property, plant, and equipment (PP&E). The amount is predicated upon each reporting company's accounting practice. That is, accounting practices with regard to capitalization of certain items may differ across companies, and therefore this figure in FRS will be a function of each reporting company's policy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
pp&e, net: The original cost of property, plant, and equipment (PP&E), less accumulated DD&A.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
precast concrete panels: Refers to concrete panels usually made in factories and delivered to the construction site where they are hoisted onto the structure. Sometimes concrete panels are poured at the site and then hoisted on the structure. The panels are either solid or insulated. They can have plain, colored, or textured finishings. Also referred to as "Prefabricated Concrete Panels."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
prediction: In general, prediction is the process of determining the magnitude of statistical variates at some future point of time. In statistical contexts, the word may also occur in slightly different meanings; e.g., in a regression equation expressing a dependent variate y in terms of dependent x's, the value given for y by specified values of x's is called the "predicted" value even when no temporal element is involved.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
prediscovery costs: All costs incurred in an extractive industry operation prior to the actual discovery of minerals in commercially recoverable quantities; normally includes prospecting, acquisition, and exploration costs and may include some development costs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
preliminary permit (hydroelectric power): A single site permit granted by the FERC, which gives the recipient priority over anyone else to apply for a hydroelectric license. The preliminary permit enables the recipient to prepare a license application and conduct various studies for economic feasibility and environmental impacts. The period for a preliminary permit may extend to 3 years.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
premium gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R+M/2) greater than 90. Includes both leaded premium gasoline as well as unleaded premium gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0487*
premium grade gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a high rating (approximately 92), designed to minimize preignition or engine "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. (See Regular Grade Gasoline and Intermediate Grade Gasoline.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
preparation plant: A mining facility at which coal is crushed, screened, and mechanically cleaned.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118, DOE/EIA-0121
preproduction costs: Costs of prospecting for, acquiring, exploring, and developing mineral reserves incurred prior to the point when production of commercially recoverable quantities of minerals commences.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
pressurized-water reactor (PWR): A nuclear reactor in which heat is transferred from the core to a heat exchanger via water kept under high pressure, so that high temperatures can be maintained in the primary system without boiling the water. Steam is generated in a secondary circuit.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0436
preventive maintenance program for heating and/or cooling equipment: A HVAC conservation feature consisting of a program of routine inspection and service for the heating and/or cooling equipment. The inspection is performed on a regular basis, even if there are no apparent problems. (See HVAC Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
price squeeze: Discriminatory rates charged for wholesale electric power that impede competition for retail customers. A price squeeze occurs if an electric utility's price for wholesale service is higher in relation to its wholesale cost than its price for retail service is in relation to its retail costs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
price: The amount of money or consideration-in-kind for which a service is bought, sold, or offered for sale.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0464*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
primary consumption: (See Energy Consumption, End-Use.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035
primary energy consumption expenditures: Expenditures for energy consumed in each of the four major end-use sectors, excluding energy in the form of electricity, plus expenditures by the electric utilities sector for energy used to generate electricity. There are no fuel-
associated expenditures for associated expenditures for hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, photovoltaic and solar energy, or wind energy. Also excluded are the quantifiable consumption expenditures that are an integral part of process fuel consumption.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
primary energy: All energy consumed by end users, excluding electricity but including the energy consumed at electric utilities to generate electricity. (In estimating energy expenditures, there are no fuel-associated expenditures for hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, solar energy, or wind energy, and the quantifiable expenditures for process fuel and intermediate products are excluded.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0376
primary fuels: Fuels that can be used continuously. They can sustain the boiler sufficiently for the production of electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-867
primary recovery: The crude oil or natural gas recovered by any method that may be employed to produce them where the fluid enters the well bore by the action of natural reservoir pressure (energy or gravity).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
primary residence: A housing unit in which a householder spends the largest part of the calendar year; it is the householder's usual or permanent residence. This would normally be a year-round housing unit. It would generally exclude migratory and seasonal units. However, if a seasonal unit happened to be occupied for half of the year by the householder, that unit would be considered the primary residence. (See Housing Unit, Migratory Units, Seasonal Units, Year-Round Units, and Second Home.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
primary sampling unit (PSU): The sampling units selected at the first stage in a multistage area probability sample. A PSU typically consists of one to several contiguous counties--for example, a metropolitan area with surrounding suburban counties. (See Metropolitan.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
primary space-heating energy source: The energy source used to heat most of the square footage in the building most of the time.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
primary transportation: Conveyance of large shipments of petroleum raw materials and refined products usually by pipeline, barge, or ocean-going vessel. All crude oil transportation is primary, including the small amounts moved by truck. All refined product transportation by pipeline, barge, or ocean-going vessel is primary transportation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
prime mover: The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that drives an electric generator; or, for reporting purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity directly (e.g., photovoltaic solar and fuel cell(s)).
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-759, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
prime supplier: A firm that produces, imports, or transports selected petroleum products across State boundaries and local marketing areas, and sells the product to local distributors, local retailers, or end users.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380
principal building activity: The activity or function occupying the most floor space in the building. The categories are designed to group buildings that have similar patterns of energy consumption. Examples of various types of principal activity include office, health care, lodging, and mercantile and service.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
principal facility activity: The main purpose for the activities across all buildings in a facility within the building; for example, the principal building activity for a library or school campus would be public assembly; however, the principal facility activity would be school.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
private end-use sector: Private household establishments that consume energy primarily for space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and clothes washing and drying.
OPI: EI-20
Sources: DOE/EIA-0469
private fueling facility: A fueling facility which normally services only fleets and is not open to the general public.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
privately owned electric utility: A class of ownership found in the electric power industry where the utility is regulated and authorized to achieve an allowed rate of return.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095
probability: A number that indicates the likelihood that an event will occur when the experiment is performed.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
probable (indicated) reserves: Reserves or resources for which tonnage and grade are computed partly from specific measurements, samples, or production data and partly from projection for a reasonable distance on geologic evidence. The sites available for inspection, measurement, and sampling are too widely or otherwise inappropriately spaced to permit the mineral bodies to be outlined completely or the grade established throughout.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
process fuel: All energy consumed in the acquisition, processing, and transportation of energy. Quantifiable process fuel includes three categories: natural gas lease and plant operations, natural gas pipeline operations, and oil refinery operations.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
process heating or cooling DSM program: A DSM program designed to promote increased electric energy efficiency applications in industrial process heating or cooling. (See DSM Programs and Waste Heat Recovery.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
process heating or cooling waste heat recovery: An energy conservation system whereby some space heating or water heating is done by actively capturing byproduct heat that would otherwise be ejected into the environment. In nonresidential buildings, sources of waste heat include refrigeration/air-conditioner compressors, manufacturing or other processes, data processing centers, lighting fixtures, ventilation exhaust air, and the occupants themselves. Not to be considered is the passive use of radiant heat from lighting, workers, motors, ovens, etc., when there are no special systems for collecting and redistributing heat.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
processed gas: Natural gas that has gone through a processing plant.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
processing gain: The volumetric amount by which total output is greater than input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude oil into products which, in total, have a lower specific gravity than the crude oil processed.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0520*, DOE/EIA-0545
processing loss: The volumetric amount by which total refinery output is less than input for a given period of time. This difference is due to the processing of crude oil into products which, in total, have a higher specific gravity than the crude oil processed.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0520*, DOE/EIA-0545
processing of uranium: The recovery of uranium produced by nonconventional mining methods, i.e., in situ leach mining, as a byproduct of copper or phosphate mining, or heap leaching.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
processing plant: A surface installation designed to separate and recover natural gas liquids from a stream of produced natural gas through the processes of condensation, absorption, adsorption, refrigeration, or other methods and to control the quality of natural gas marketed and/or returned to oil or gas reservoirs for pressure maintenance, repressuring, or cycling.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0384*
processing: Uranium-recovery operations whether at a mill, an in situ leach, byproduct plant, or other type of recovery operation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
producer contracted reserves: The volume of recoverable salable gas reserves committed to or controlled by the reporting pipeline company as the buyer in gas purchase contracts with the independent producer as seller, including warranty contracts, and which are used for acts and services for which the company has received certificate authorization from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
producer: A company engaged in the production and sale of natural gas from gas or oil wells with delivery generally at a point at or near the wellhead, the field, or the tailgate of a gas processing plant. For the purpose of company classification, a company primarily engaged in the exploration for, development of, and/or production of oil and/or natural gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
producing property: A term often used in reference to a property, well, or mine that produces wasting natural resources. The term means a property that produces in paying quantities (that is, one for which proceeds from production exceed operating expenses).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
product supplied, crude oil: Crude oil burned on leases and by pipelines as fuel.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
production (1): Includes gas produced from pipeline company-
owned reserves and gas purchased from independent producers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
production (2): The sum of sales, mine consumption, issues to miners, and issues to coking, briquetting, and other ancillary plants at mines. Production data include quantities extracted from surface and underground working and normally exclude wastes removed at mines or associated preparation plants.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
production (electric): Act or process of producing electric energy from other forms of energy; also, the amount of electric energy expressed in watthours (Wh).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455
production capacity: The amount of product that can be produced from processing facilities.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
production costs: Costs incurred to operate and maintain wells and related equipment and facilities, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs of operating and maintaining those wells and related equipment and facilities. They become part of the cost of oil and gas produced. The following are examples of production costs (sometimes called lifting costs):
- Costs of labor to operate the wells and related equipment and facilities.
- Repair and maintenance costs.
- The costs of materials, supplies, and fuels consumed and services utilized in operating the wells and related equipment and facilities.
- The costs of property taxes and insurance applicable to proved properties and wells and related equipment and facilities.
- The costs of severance taxes.
Depreciation, depletion, and amortization (DD&A) of capitalized acquisition, exploration, and development costs are not production costs, but also become part of the cost of oil and gas produced along with production (lifting) costs identified above.
Production costs include the following subcategories of costs:
- Well workers and maintenance
- Well workers
- Operating fluid injections and improved recovery programs
- Operating gas processing plants
- Ad valorem taxes
- Production or severance taxes
- Other, including overhead
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
production expenses: Costs incurred in the production of electric power that conform to the accounting requirements of the Operation and Maintenance Expense Accounts of the FERC Uniform System of Accounts.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
production payments: A contractual arrangement providing a mineral interest that gives the owner a right to receive a fraction of production, or of proceeds from the sale of production, until a specified quantity of minerals (or a definite sum of money, including interest) has been received.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
production plant liquids: The volume of liquids removed from natural gas in natural gas processing plants or cycling plants during the year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
production, crude oil: The volumes of crude oil that are extracted from oil reservoirs. These volumes are determined through measurement of the volumes delivered from lease storage tanks or at the point of custody transfer, with adjustment for (1) net differences between opening and closing lease inventories and (2) basic sediment and water. Crude oil used on the lease is considered production.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0545*
production, lease condensate: The volume of lease condensate produced. Lease condensate volumes include only those volumes recovered from lease or field separation facilities. (See Lease Condensate.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216
production, natural gas liquids: Production of natural gas liquids is classified as follows:
- Contract Production. Natural gas liquids accruing to a company because of its ownership of liquids extraction facilities that it uses to extract liquids from gas belonging to others, thereby earning a portion of the resultant liquids.
- Leasehold Production. Natural gas liquids produced, extracted, and credited to a company's interest.
- Contract Reserves. Natural gas liquid reserves corresponding to the contract production defined above.
- Leasehold Reserves. Natural gas liquid reserves corresponding to leasehold production defined above.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
production, natural gas, dry: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs during the report year less (1) the volume returned to such reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; less (2) shrinkage resulting from the removal of lease condensate and plant liquids; and less (3) nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Volumes of gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs and native gas, which has been transferred to the storage category, are not considered production. This is not the same as marketed production, because the latter also excludes vented and flared gas, but contains plant liquids.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
production, natural gas, wet after lease separation: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs during the report year less (1) the volume returned to such reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; less (2) shrinkage resulting from the removal of lease condensate; and less (3) nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Volumes of gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs and native gas, which has been transferred to the storage category, are not considered production. This is not the sames as marketed production, because the latter excludes vented and flared gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
production, natural gas: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs less (1) the volume returned to such reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; less (2) shrinkage resulting from the removal of lease condensate; and less (3) nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Volumes of gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs and native gas, which has been transferred to the storage category, are not considered production. Flared and vented gas is also considered production. (This differs from "Marketed Production" which excludes flared and vented gas.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23
production, oil and gas: The lifting of oil and gas to the surface and gathering, treating, field processing (as in the case of processing gas to extract liquid hydrocarbons), and field storage. The production function shall normally be regarded as terminating at the outlet valve on the lease or field production storage tank. If unusual physical or operational circumstances exist, it may be more appropriate to regard the production function as terminating at the first point at which oil, gas, or gas liquids are delivered to a main pipeline, a common carrier, a refinery, or a marine terminal.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
production, wet after lease separation: Gross withdrawals less gas used for repressuring and nonhydrocarbon gases removed in treating or processing operations.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
products supplied: Approximately represents consumption of petroleum products because it measures the disappearance of these products from primary sources, i.e., refineries, natural gas-
processing plants, blending plants, pipelines, and bulk terminals. In general, product supplied of each product in any given period is computed as follows: field production, plus refinery production, plus imports, plus unaccounted-for crude oil (plus net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis) minus stock change, minus crude oil losses, minus refinery inputs, and minus exports.
OPI: EI-20,EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0545
profit: The income remaining after all business expenses are paid.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2
propane (C3H8): A normally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon. It is a colorless paraffinic gas that boils at a temperature of -43.67 degrees Fahrenheit. It is extracted from natural gas or refinery gas streams. It includes all products designated in ASTM Specification D1835 and Gas Processors Association Specifications for commercial propane and HD-5 propane.
OPI: EI-20,EI-40, EI-50,EI-60
Sources: EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800
DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*
propane, consumer grade: A normally gaseous paraffinic compound (C3H8), which includes all products covered by Natural Gas Policy Act Specifications for commercial and HD-5 propane and ASTM Specification D 1835. Excludes: feedstock propanes, which are propanes not classified as consumer grade propanes, including the propane portion of any natural gas liquid mixes, i.e., butane-propane mix.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
propane-air: A mixture of propane and air resulting in a gaseous fuel suitable for pipeline distribution.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
propane: (See Liquefied Petroleum Gas.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
proportional frequency: In relation to a frequency distribution, the proportional frequency in any class is the frequency of the class divided by the total frequency of the distribution. The term sometimes occurs in a different sense in relation to bivariate or multivariate frequency arrays. For instance, if, in a table of p rows and q columns the q frequencies in each row are proportional to the q row totals and, similarly, therefore, for the columns, the case is said to be one of proportional frequencies. The term is sometimes used similarly in connection with proportional sub-class numbers in analysis of variance.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
proportional interest in investee reserves: The proportional interest at the end of the year in the reserves of investees that are accounted for by the equity method.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
proposed rates: New electric rate schedule proposed by an applicant to become effective at a future date.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
propylene (C3H6): An olefinic hydrocarbon recovered from refinery processes or petrochemical processes.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0538, DOE/EIA-0552*
prospecting costs: Direct and indirect costs incurred to identify areas of interest that may warrant detailed exploration. Such costs include those incurred for topographical, geological, and geophysical studies; rights of access to properties in order to conduct such studies, salaries, equipment, instruments, and supplies for geologists, including geophysical crews, and others conducting such studies; and overhead that can be identified with those activities.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
prospecting: The search for an area of probable mineralization; the search normally includes topographical, geological, and geophysical studies of relatively large areas undertaken in an attempt to locate specific areas warranting detailed exploration. Prospecting usually occurs prior to the acquisition of mineral rights.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
proved (measured) reserves: Reserves or resources for which tonnage is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings, and drill holes and for which the grade is computed from the results of detailed sampling. The sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well defined that size, shape, and mineral content are well established. The computed tonnage and grade are judged to be accurate within limits that are stated, and no such limit is judged to be different from the computed tonnage or grade by more than 20 percent.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
proved reserves of crude oil: Proved reserves of crude oil are the estimated quantities of all liquids defined as crude oil, which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic conditions.
Reservoirs are considered proved if economic producibility is supported by actual production or conclusive formation test (drill stem or wire line) or if economic producibility is supported by core analyses and/or electric or other log interpretations. The area of an oil reservoir considered proved includes (1) that portion delineated by drilling and defined by gas-oil and/or oil-water contacts, if any; and (2) the immediately adjoining portions not yet drilled, but which can be reasonably judged as economically productive on the basis of available geological and engineering data. In the absence of information on fluid contacts, the lowest known structural occurances of hydrocarbons is considered to be the lower proved limit of the reservoir.
Volumes of crude oil placed in underground storage are not considered proved reserves.
Reserves of crude oil that can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (such as fluid injection) are included in the "proved" classification when successful testing by a pilot project or the operation of an installed program in the reservoir provides support for the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based.
Estimates of proved crude oil reserves do not include the following: (1) oil that may become available from known reservoirs but is reported separately as "indicated additional reserves"; (2) natural gas liquids (including lease condensate); (3) oil, the recovery of which is subject to reasonable doubt because of uncertainty as to geology, reservoir characteristics, or economic factors; (4) oil that may occur in undrilled prospects; and (5) oil that may be recovered from oil shales, coal, gilsonite, and other such sources. It is not necessary that production, gathering, or transportation facilities be installed or operative for a reservoir to be considered proved.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0545*
proved reserves of lease condensate: Proved reserves of lease condensate are the volumes of lease condensate expected to be recovered in future years in conjunction with the production of proved reserves of natural gas as of December 31 of the calendar year, based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed as of December 31 of the calendar year. (See Lease Condensate and Proved Reserves of Natural Gas.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*
proved reserves of natural gas liquids: Proved reserves of natural gas liquids are those volumes of natural gas liquids (including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable in the future from proved natural gas reserves under existing economic and operating conditions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216, DOE/EIA-0545
proved reserves of natural gas: Proved reserves of natural gas are the estimated quantities that analysis of geologic and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
Reservoirs are considered proved if economic producibility is supported by actual production or conclusive formation test (drill stem or wire line) or if economic producibility is supported by core analyses and/or electric or other log interpretations. The area of a gas reservoir considered proved includes (1) that portion delineated by drilling and defined by gas-oil and/or gas-water contacts, if any; and (2) the immediately adjoining portions not yet drilled, but which can be reasonably judged as economically productive on the basis of available geological and engineering data. In the absence of information on fluid contacts, the lowest known structural occurrence of hydrocarbons is considered to be the lower proved limit of the reservoir.
Volumes of natural gas placed in underground storage are not considered proved reserves.
For natural gas reserves after lease separation, an appropriate reduction in the reservoir gas volume must be made to cover the removal of the liquefiable portions of the gas in lease and/or field separation facilities and the exclusion of nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable.
It is not necessary that production, gathering, or transportation facilities be installed or operative for a reservoir to be considered proved. It is to be assumed that compression will be initiated if and when economically justified.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*
proved reserves, crude oil: The estimated quantities of all liquids defined as crude oil that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
proved reserves, lease condensate: The volumes of lease condensate expected to be recovered in future years in conjunction with the production of proved reserves of natural gas based on the recovery efficiency of lease and/or field separation facilities installed.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
proved reserves, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons: The estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids in the ground that geological data demonstrate with reasonable certainly to be recoverable in future years under existing economic and operating conditions.
OPI: EI-20
Sources: DOE/EIA-0469
proved reserves, natural gas liquids: Those volumes of natural gas liquids (including lease condensate) demonstrated with reasonable certainty to be separable in the future from proved natural gas reserves under existing economic and operating conditions.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
proved reserves, natural gas: The estimated quantities of natural gas that analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
proved reserves: The estimated quantities that analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
psu: (See Primary Sampling Unit (PSU).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*
public assembly: The principal building activity for buildings in which people gather, in private or public meeting halls, for social or recreational activities. This building activity was first reported in the 1992 CBECS. In previous surveys, "Public Assembly" (along with "Religious Worship") had been classified under the principal building activity "Assembly." (See Religious Worship.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
public authorities: Electricity supplied to municipalities, divisions, or agencies of state and Federal governments, usually under special contracts or agreements that are applicable only to public authorities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540
public authority service to public authorities: Public authority service includes electricity supplied and services rendered to municipalities or divisions or agencies of State or Federal governments under special contracts, agreements, or service classifications applicable only to public authorities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2
public housing: Housing units owned by a local housing authority or other local public agency, such as a housing and redevelopment authority or a housing development agency. These organizations receive subsidies from the Federal or state government, but the local agency owns the property. To live in such a project, one must apply to the local housing authority.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
public street and highway lighting: Electricity supplied and services rendered for the purpose of lighting streets, highways, parks, and other public places; or for traffic or other signal system service, for municipalities or other divisions or agencies of State or Federal governments.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
public utility district: Municipal corporations organized to provide electric service to both incorporated cities and towns and unincorporated rural areas. Public utility districts, sometimes called "People's Utility Districts," or "Public Power Districts," operate in six states.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
public utility regulatory policies act of 1978: One part of the National Energy Act, PURPA contains measures designed to encourage the conservation of energy, more efficient use of resources, and equitable rates. Principal among these were suggested retail rate reforms and new incentives for production of electricity by cogenerators and users of renewable resources. The Commission has primary authority for implementing several key PURPA programs.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095
public utility: Enterprise providing essential public services, such as electric, gas, telephone, water, and sewer under legally established monopoly conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
publicly owned electric utility: A class of ownership found in the electric power industry. This group includes those utilities operated by municipalities and state and Federal power agencies.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540*
pulping liquor (black liquor): The alkaline spent liquor removed from the digesters in the process of chemically pulping wood. After evaporation, the liquor is burned as a fuel in a recovery furnace that permits the recovery of certain basic chemicals.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
pump storage: See Thermal Energy Storage (TES) or Pump Storage.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
pumped-storage hydroelectric plant: A plant that usually generates electric energy during peak load periods by using water previously pumped into an elevated storage reservoir during off-peak periods when excess generating capacity is available to do so. When additional generating capacity is needed, the water can be released from the reservoir through a conduit to turbine generators located in a power plant at a lower level.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
purchase-contract imports of uranium: The amount of foreign-origin uranium material that enters the United States during a survey year as reported on the "Uranium Industry Annual Survey (UIAS), Form EIA-858, as purchases of uranium ore, U3O8, natural UF6, or enriched UF6. The amount of foreign-origin uranium materials that enter the country during a survey year under other types of contracts, i.e., loans and exchanges, is excluded.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
purchased power adjustment: A clause in a rate schedule that provides for adjustments to the bill when energy from another electric system is acquired and its cost varies from a specified unit base amount.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
purchased power: Power purchased or available for purchase from a source outside the system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
purchased: Receipts into transportation, storage, and/or distribution facilities within a state under gas purchase contracts or agreements whether or not billing or payment occurred during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
purchases or sales of minerals-in-place: Increase or decrease in the estimated quantity of reserves from the purchase or sale of mineral rights in land with known proved reserves.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
pure pumped-storage hydroelectric plant: A plant that produces power only from water that has previously been pumped to an upper reservoir.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
quad: Quadrillion (10 to the 15th power) Btu. (See Btu.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
quadrillion Btu: Equivalent to 10 to the 15th power Btu.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
quadrillion: The quantity 1,000,000,000,000,000 (10 to the 15th power).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464
qualifying facility (QF): A cogeneration or small power production facility that meets certain ownership, operating, and efficiency criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) pursuant to the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). (See the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 292.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
r-value: A measure of a material's resistance to heat flow in units of Fahrenheit degrees x hours x square feet per Btu. The higher the R-value of a material, the greater its insulating capability. The R-value of some insulating materials is 3.7 per inch for fiberglass and cellulose,2.5 per inch for vermiculite, and more than 4 per inch for foam. All building materials have some R-value. For example, a 4-
inch brick has an R-value of 0.8, and half-inch plywood has an R-value of 0.6. The below table converts the most common "R" values to inches. For other "R" values, divide the "R" value by 3 to get the number of inches.
"R"-Value Inches
3 1
11 3.5
19 6
52 18
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
race: (See Origin.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
rack sales: Wholesale truckload sales or smaller of gasoline where title transfers at a terminal.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380
radiator: A heating unit usually exposed to view within the room or space to be heated; it transfers heat by radiation to objects within visible range and by conduction to the surrounding air, which in turn is circulated by natural convection; usually fed by steam or hot water.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
rail (method of transportation to consumers): Shipments of coal moved to consumers by rail (private or public/commercial). Includes coal hauled to or away from a railroad siding by truck.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
railroad and railway electric service: Electricity supplied to railroads and interurban and street railways, for general railroad use, including the propulsion of cars or locomotives, where such electricity is supplied under separate and distinct rate schedules.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-826, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
railroad locomotive: Self-propelled vehicle that runs on rails and is used for moving railroad cars.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
railroad use: Sales to railroads for any use, including that used for heating buildings operated by railroads.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
range top: The range burners or stove top and the oven are considered two separate appliances. Counted also with range tops are stand-alone "cook tops." (See Appliances.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
range: The difference between the largest measurement and the smallest measurement in a data set.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
rate base: The value of property upon which a utility is permitted to earn a specified rate of return as established by a regulatory authority. The rate base generally represents the value of property used by the utility in providing service and may be calculated by any one or a combination of the following accounting methods: fair value, prudent investment, reproduction cost, or original cost. Depending on which method is used, the rate base includes cash, working capital, materials and supplies, deductions for accumulated provisions for depreciation, contributions in aid of construction, customer advances for construction, accumulated deferred income taxes, and accumulated deferred investment tax credits.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
rate case: A proceeding, usually before a regulatory commission, involving the rates to be charged for a public utility service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
rate features: Special rate schedules or tariffs offered to customers by electric and/or natural gas utilities. (See Seasonal Pricing, Time-of-Day Pricing, Time-of-Day Lock-Out or Limit, Interruptible or Curtailable Rate, and Metered Peak Demand.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
rate of return on rate base: The ratio of net operating income earned by a utility, calculated as a percentage of its rate base.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93), DOE/EIA-0531
rate of return: The ratio of net operating income earned by a utility is calculated as a percentage of its rate base.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
rate schedule (electric): A statement of the financial terms and conditions governing a class or classes of utility services provided to a customer. Approval of the schedule is given by the appropriate rate-making authority.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
ratemaking authority: A utility commission's legal authority to fix, modify, approve, or disapprove rates as determined by the powers given the commission by a State or Federal legislature.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
rates: The authorized charges per unit or level of consumption for a specified time period for any of the classes of utility services provided to a customer.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
rating: A manufacturer's guaranteed performance of a machine, transmission line, or other electrical apparatus, based on design features and test data. The rating will specify such limits as load, voltage, temperature, and frequency. The rating is generally printed on a nameplate attached to equipment and is commonly referred to as the nameplate rating or nameplate capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
ratio estimate: The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, "average miles traveled per vehicle is the ratio of total miles driven by all vehicles, over the total number of vehicles, within any subgroup. There are two types of ratio estimates: those computed using aggregates for vehicles and those computed using aggregates for households. (See Mean.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
ratio estimator: An estimator that involves the ratio of two variates, i.e., a ratio whose numerator and denominator are both subject to sampling errors. (If the members of a population each bear the value of two characteristics, x and y, and the total of x, say X, is known for the population, the corresponding total of y, say Y, can be estimated by multiplying X by a sample ratio consisting of the sample total of y divided by the sample total of x.)
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
reactance: A phenomenon associated with AC power characterized by the existence of a time difference between voltage and current variations.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
real price: A price that has been adjusted to remove the effect of changes in the purchasing power of the dollar. Real prices, which are expressed in constant dollars, usually reflect buying power relative to a base year.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384*
reasonably assured resources (RAR): The uranium that occurs in known mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could be recovered within the given production cost ranges, with currently proven mining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and on knowledge of deposit characteristics. RAR correspond to DOE's Reserves category.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436*, DOE/EIA-0477
rebate program: A utility company-sponsored conservation program whereby the utility company returns a portion of the purchase price cost when a more energy-efficient refrigerator, water heater, air conditioner, or other appliance is purchased.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
reburn: An advanced co-firing technique using natural gas to reduce pollution from electric power plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
receipts (1): Deliveries of fuel to an electric plant.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191
receipts (2): Purchases of fuel.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
receipts (3): All revenues received by an exporter for the reported quantity exported.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FPC-14
receipts (4): (See Received.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0131*
receivables from municipality: All charges by the utility department against the municipality or its other departments that are subject to current settlement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412
received: Gas physically transferred into the responding company's transportation, storage, and/or distribution facilities.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
reclamation expenses: In the context of the coal operation statement of income, refers to all payments made by the company attributable to reclamation, including taxes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
recoverable proved reserves: The proved reserves of natural gas as of December 31 of any given year are the estimated quantities of natural gas which geological and engineering data demonstrates with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known natural oil and gas reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
recoverable reserves: The amount of coal that can be recovered (mined) from the coal deposits at active producing mines as of the end of the year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
recovery factor: The percentage of total tons of coal estimated to be recoverable from a given area in relation to the total tonnage estimated to be in the demonstrated reserve base. The estimated recovery factors for the demonstrated reserve base generally are 50 percent for underground mining methods and 80 percent for surface mining methods. More precise recovery factors can be computed by determining the total coal in place and the total recoverable in any specific locale.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
recovery percentage: The percentage of coal that can be recovered from the coal deposits at existing mines.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
recs: (See Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
rectifier: A device for converting alternating current to direct current.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
recycled feeds: Feeds that are continuously fed back for additional processing.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
redrill footage: Occasionally, a hole is lost or junked and a second hole may be drilled from the surface in close proximity to the first. Footage drilled for the second hole is defined as "redrill footage." Under these circumstances, the first hole is reported as a dry hole (explanatory or developmental) and the total footage is reported as dry hole footage. The second hole is reported as an oil well, gas well, or dry hole according to the result. The redrill footage is included in the appropriate classification of total footage, but is not reported as a separate classification.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
reduced use-off hours: A conservation feature consisting of manually or automatically reducing the amount of heating or cooling produced during the hours a building is not in full use. (See Space Heating, Cooling, and Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
reference month: The calendar month and year to which the reported cost, price, and volume information relates.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
reference year: The calendar year to which the reported sales volume information relates.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-821
refined petroleum products: Refined petroleum products include but are not limited to gasolines, kerosene, distillates (including No. 2 fuel oil), liquefied petroleum gas, asphalt, lubricating oils, diesel fuels, and residual fuels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
refiner acquisition cost of crude oil: The cost of crude oil to the refiner, including transportation and fees. The composite cost is the weighted average of domestic and imported crude oil costs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
refiner acquisition cost of crude: The average price paid by refiners for crude oil booked into their refineries in accordance with accounting procedures generally accepted and consistently and historically applied by the refiners concerned. Domestic crude oil is that oil produced in the United States or from the outer continental shelf as defined in 43 USC 1131. Imported crude oil is any crude oil that is not domestic oil. The composite is the weighted average price of domestic and imported crude oil. Prices do not include the price of crude oil for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
refiner: A firm or the part of a firm that refines products or blends and substantially changes products, or refines liquid hydrocarbons from oil and gas field gases, or recovers liquefied petroleum gases incident to petroleum refining and sells those products to resellers, retailers, reseller/retailers or ultimate consumers. "Refiner" includes any owner of products that contracts to have those products refined and then sells the refined products to resellers, retailers, or ultimate consumers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863, EIA-14, EIA-782A, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
refinery capacity utilization: Ratio of the total amount of crude oil, unfinished oils, and natural gas plant liquids run through crude oil distillation units to the operable capacity of these units.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0545
refinery fuel: Crude oil and petroleum products consumed at the refinery for all purposes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
refinery gas: Noncondensate gas collected in petroleum refineries.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
refinery input, crude oil: Total crude oil (domestic plus foreign) input to crude oil distillation units and other refinery processing units (cokers, etc.).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
refinery input, total: The raw materials and intermediate materials processed at refineries to produce finished petroleum products. They include crude oil, products of natural gas processing plants, unfinished oils, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, motor gasoline and aviation gasoline blending components and finished petroleum products.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
refinery losses and gains: Processing gain and loss that takes place during the refining process itself. Excludes losses that do not take place during the refining process, e.g., spills, fire losses, and contamination during blending, transportation, or storage.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
refinery output: The total amount of petroleum products produced at a refinery. Includes petroleum consumed by the refinery.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
refinery production: Petroleum products produced at a refinery or blending plant. Published production of these products equals refinery production minus refinery input. Negative production will occur when the amount of a product produced during the month is less than the amount that is reprocessed (input) or reclassified to become another product during the same month. Refinery production of unfinished oils and motor and aviation gasoline blending components appear on a net basis under refinery input.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
refinery utilization rate: Represents the use of the atmospheric crude oil distillation units. The rate is calculated by dividing the gross input to these units by the operable refining capacity of the units.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
refinery yield: Refinery yield (expressed as a percentage) represents the percent of finished product produced from input of crude oil and net input of unfinished oils. It is calculated by dividing the sum of crude oil and net unfinished input into the individual net production of finished products. Before calculating the yield for finished motor gasoline, the input of natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons and oxygenates, and net input of motor gasoline blending components must be subtracted from the net production of finished aviation gasoline.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545*
refinery: An installation that manufactures finished petroleum products from crude oil, unfinished oils, natural gas liquids, other hydrocarbons, and oxygenates.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0208, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*
reflective film: Transparent covering for glass that helps keep out heat from the sun.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
reflective or shading glass or film: A building shell energy conservation feature consisting of tinted or reflective glass or shading films installed on the exterior glazing of a building to reduce the rate of solar penetration into the building. (See Building Shell Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
reflectors: See Specular Reflectors.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
reformulated gasoline: Gasoline formulated for use in motor vehicles, the composition and properties of which are certified as "reformulated gasoline" by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (See "motor gasoline" (finished).)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0208
refrigeration unit: Lowers the temperature through a mechanical process. In a typical refrigeration unit, electricity powers a motor that runs a pump to compress the refrigerant to maintain proper pressure. (A "refrigerant" is a substance that changes between liquid and gaseous states under desirable temperature and pressure conditions.) Heat from the compressed liquid is removed and discharged from the unit and the refrigerant then evaporates when pressure is reduced. The refrigerant picks up heat as it evaporates and it returns to the compressor to repeat the cycle. A few refrigeration units use gas (either natural gas or LPG) in an absorption process that does not use a compressor. The gas is burned to heat a chemical solution in which the refrigerant has been absorbed. Heating drives off the refrigerant which is later condensed. The condensed refrigerant evaporates by a release of pressure, and it picks up heat as it evaporates. The evaporated refrigerant is then absorbed back into the chemical solution, the heat is removed from the solution and discharged as waste heat, and the process repeats itself. By definition, refrigerators, freezers, and air-conditioning equipment all contain refrigeration units.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
refrigeration/freezer equipment: The include: commercial refrigeration/freezer units for the sale or storage of perishable materials; residential-type freezers; machines; soda or any other refrigerated equipment, excluding air conditioning. Freezers are designed to keep their contents below the freezing point (32 degrees Fahrenheit), and refrigeration equipment is designed to maintain the stored items below room temperature, but above the freezing point. CBECS data are collected on refrigeration/freezer equipment inside and/or adjacent to the building. (See Closed Refrigeration Unit and Open Refrigeration Unit.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
refrigerator: A cabinet designed for cooling food at temperatures above 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Most also have a second compartment for freezing and storing frozen foods at temperatures of 8 degrees Fahrenheit or below.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
refunding: Retirement of one security issue with proceeds received from selling another. Refunding provides for retiring maturing debt by taking advantage of favorable money market conditions.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
refuse bank: A repository for waste material generated by the coal cleaning process.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
refuse mine: A surface mine where coal is recovered from previously mined coal. It may also be known as a silt bank, culm bank, refuse bank, slurry dam, or dredge operation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
regression estimate: In general, an estimate of the value of a dependent variate y obtained from substituting the known values of the "independent" variables X in a regression equation connecting y and X. The term has a particular application in sample surveys. If the regression of A on B may be estimated from a sample and the total of B is known for the population, the total of A may be estimated from the regression equation. It is then called a regression estimate. (See Ratio Estimator.)
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
regression imputation: A statistical technique for predicting the value of a numerical variable that is missing. The technique involves developing a regression equation that predicts the value of the missing variable based upon variables that are not missing or have already been imputed. A random error is usually added to the predicted value. The sum of the predicted value and the random error is used as the imputed value for the missing variable. (See Imputation.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*
regression: This term was originally used by Galton to indicate certain relationships in the theory of heredity, but has come to mean the statistical method developed to investigate those relationships.
If a variate y consists of two components, a variate and a systematic element f(X) depending on a variable X, i.e., if y=f(X)+*, then the regression of y on X is the equation Y=f(X) where it is supposed that * has zero expectation. The definition remains valid if X, instead of being a single variable refers to a set of variables X1,X2.....
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
regular HVAC maintenance: See Preventive Maintenance Program for Heating and/or Cooling Equipment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
regular grade gasoline: A grade of unleaded gasoline with a lower octane rating (approximately 82) than other grades. Octane boosters are added to gasoline to control engine pre-ignition or "knocking" by slowing combustion rates. (See Intermediate Grade Gasoline and Premium Grade Gasoline.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
regulated streamflow: The rate of flow past a given point during a specified period that is controlled by reservoir water release operation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
regulation, procedures, and practices: A utility commission carries out its regulatory functions through rulemaking and adjudication. Under rulemaking, the utility commission may propose a general rule of regulation change. By law, it must issue a notice of the proposed rule and a request for comments is also made; the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission publishes this in the Federal Register. The final decision must be published. A utility commission may also work on a case-by-case basis from submissions from regulated companies or others. Objections to a proposal may come from the commission or intervenors, in which case the proposal must be presented to a hearing presided over by an administrative law judge. The judge's decision may be adopted, modified, or reversed by the utility commissioners, in which case those involved can petition for a rehearing and may appeal a decision through the courts system to the U.S. Supreme Court.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
regulation: The governmental function of controlling or directing economic entities through the process of rulemaking and adjudication.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2
reheating coils: A part of some air-conditioning systems. Electric coils in air ducts used primarily to raise the temperature of circulated air after it was over-cooled to remove moisture. Some buildings have reheating coils as their sole heating source. (See Space Heating, Cooling, and Air Duct or Air-Handling Units.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
reinjected: The forcing of gas under pressure into an oil reservoir in an attempt to increase recovery.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
reinserted fuel: Irradiated fuel that is discharged in one cycle and inserted in the same reactor during a subsequent refueling. In a few cases, fuel discharged from one reactor has been used to fuel a different reactor.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
reinsertion: Reinsertion is the process of returning nuclear fuel that has been irradiated and then removed from a reactor back into a reactor for further irradiation. Reinserted assemblies are assemblies that have been irradiated in a cycle, were not in the core in the prior cycle (cycle N), and which are in the core in the current cycle (cycle N+1).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
relative standard error (RSE): A percentage measure of the precision of a survey statistic. The RSE is defined as the standard error of a survey estimate divided by the survey estimate and multiplied by 100. The standard error is the square root of the variance.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552
reliability (electric system): A measure of the ability of the system to continue operation while some lines or generators are out of service. Reliability deals with the performance of the system under stress.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
religious worship: The principal building activity for buildings in wich people gather for religious activities. This building activity was first reported in the 1992 CBECS. In previous surveys, "Religious Worship" (along with "Public Assembly") had been classified under the principal building activity "Assembly." (See Public Assembly.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
renewable energy source: An energy source that is regenerative or virtually inexhaustible. Typical examples are wind, geothermal, and water power.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0531
renewable energy: Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the fossil fuels, of which there is a finite supply). Renewable sources of energy include wood, waste, geothermal, wind, phovoltaic, and solar thermal energy.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0384
rent: (See Owned/Rented.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0314
replacement energy source for primary heating: For the CBECS, the heating energy source to which the building could switch within one week without major modifications to the main heating equipment, without substantially reducing the area heated, and without substantially reducing the temperature maintained in the heated area.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
replacement vehicle: A vehicle which is acquired in order to take the place of a vehicle which is being retired from service. These acquisitions do not increase the size of the company fleet.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
report dates: The official report dates for the residential and wholesale price surveys are the first and third Mondays. The official day for the primary stock survey is 7 a.m. on the Friday preceding the report date.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0538
report state: The state, including adjacent offshore continental shelf areas in the Federal domain, in which a company operated natural gas gathering, transportation, storage, and/or distribution facilities or a synthetic natural gas plant covered by the individual report.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
report week: A calendar week beginning at 12:01 a.m. on Sunday and ending at midnight on Saturday.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-1, EIA-4
report year (1): Calendar year, January 1 through December 31, for which data are reported.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0216*
report year (2): The calendar year beginning at 12:00 a.m., January 1, and ending at 11:59 p.m., December 31.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118
reporting: The average number of Btu per cubic foot of gas at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.73 psia delivered directly to consumers. Where billing is on a thermal basis, the heat content values used for billing purposes are to be used to determine the annual average heat content.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
repowering: Refurbishment of a plant by replacement of the combustion technology with a new combustion technology, usually resulting in better performance and greater capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860, DOE/EIA-0531*
repressuring: The injection of gas into oil or gas formations to effect greater ultimate recovery.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131*
requirements power: The firm service needs required by designated load plus losses from the points of supply.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
resale (wholesale) sales: Resale or wholesale sales are electricity sold (except under exchange agreements) to other electric utilities or to public authorities for resale distribution. (This includes sales to requirements and nonrequirements consumers.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
research and development: Basic and applied research in the sciences and engineering and the design and development of prototypes and processes, excluding quality control, routine product testing, market research, sales promotion, sales service, research in the social sciences or psychology, and other non-technological activities or technical services.
Basic research, applied research, and development are distinguished as follows:
- Basic Research. Original investigations for the advancement of scientific knowledge not having specific known commercial objectives, although such investigations may be in fields of present or potential interest to the reporting company or others.
- Applied Research. Investigations directed to the discovery of new scientific knowledge having specific commercial objectives with respect to products or processes. This definition differs from that of basic research chiefly in terms of the objectives of the reporting company or the organization sponsoring the activity.
- Development. Technical activities of a nonroutine nature concerned with translating research findings or other scientific knowledge into products or processes. This does not include routine technical services to customers or other activities excluded from the above definition of research and development.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
reseller (1): A firm (other than a refiner) that carries on the trade or business of purchasing refined petroleum products and reselling them, without substantiallly changing their form to purchasers other than ultimate consumers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-821, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0545*
reseller (2): A firm (other than a refiner) that carries on the trade or business of purchasing refined petroleum products and reselling them to purchasers other than ultimate consumers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-863
reseller/retailer: A firm (other than a refiner) that carries on the trade or business activities of both a reseller and a retailer, i.e., purchasing refined petroleum products and reselling them to purchasers who may be either ultimate or other than ultimate consumers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821
DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0545*
reserve additions: The estimated original, recoverable, salable, and new proved reserves credited to new fields, new reservoirs, new gas purchase contracts, amendments to old gas purchase contracts, or purchase of gas reserves in-place that occurred during the year and had not been previously reported. Reserve additions refer to domestic in-the-ground natural gas reserve additions and do not refer to interstate pipeline purchase agreements; contracts with foreign suppliers; coal gas, SNG, or LNG purchase arrangements.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167, DOE/EIA-0216*
reserve cost categories of $15, $30, $50, and $100 per pound U3O8: Classification of uranium reserves estimated by using break-even cutoff grades that are calculated based on forward-operating costs of less than $15, $30, $50, and $100 per pound U3O8.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
reserve generating capacity: Amount of generating capacity available to meet peak or abnormally high demands for power and to generate power during scheduled or unscheduled outages.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
reserve margin (operating): The amount of unused available capability of an electric power system (at peak load for a utility system) as a percentage of total capability.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
reserve revisions: Changes to prior year-end proved reserves estimates, either positive or negative, resulting from new information other than an increase in proved acreage (extension). Revisions include increases of proved reserves associated with the installation of improved recovery techniques or equipment. They also include correction of prior year arithmetical or clerical errors and adjustments to prior year-
end production volumes to the extent that these alter reserves estimates.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
reserve: That portion of the demonstrated reserve base that is estimated to be recoverable at the time of determination. The reserve is derived by applying a recovery factor to that component of the identified coal resource designated as the demonstrated reserve base.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
reserves (coal) +: Coal reserve estimates comprising the demonstrated coal reserve base, including only proved (measured) and probable (indicated).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
reserves (coal): Coal reserve estimates comprising the demonstrated coal reserve base, including only proved (measured) and probable (indicated).
Proved (Measured) Reserves. Reserves or resources for which tonnage is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings, and drill holes and for which the grade is computed from the results of detailed sampling. The sites for inspection, sampling, and measurement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well defined that size, shape, and mineral content are well established. The computed tonnage and grade are judged to be accurate within limits that are stated, and no such limit is judged to be different from the computed tonnage or grade by more than 20 percent.
Probable (Indicated) Reserves. Reserves or resources for which tonnage and grade are computed partly from specific measurements, samples, or production data and partly from projection for a reasonable distance on geological evidence. The sites available are too widely or otherwise inappropriately spaced to permit the mineral bodies to be outlined completely or the grade established throughout.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206
reserves changes: Positive and negative revisions, extensions, new reservoir discoveries in old fields, and new field discoveries that occurred during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216, DOE/EIA-0545
reserves, change in: For FRS reporting, the following definitions should be used for changes in reserves:
Revisions of Previous Estimates. Changes in previous estimates of proved reserves, either upward or downward, resulting from new information normally obtained from development drilling and production history or resulting from a change in economic factors. Revisions do not include changes in reserve estimates resulting from increases in proved acreage or from improved recovery techniques.
Improved Recovery. Changes in reserve estimates resulting from application of improved recovery techniques shall be separately shown, if significant. If not significant, such changes shall be included in revisions of previous estimates.
Purchases or Sales of Minerals-in-Place. Increase or decrease in the estimated quantity of reserves resulting from the purchase or sale of mineral rights in land with known proved reserves.
Extensions, Discoveries, and Other Additions. Additions to an enterprise's proved reserves that result from (1) extension of the proved acreage of previously discovered (old) reservoirs through additional drilling in periods subsequent to discovery and (2) discovery of new fields with proved reserves or of new reservoirs of proved reserves in old fields.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
reserves, net: Includes all proved reserves associated with the company's net working interests. (See Working Interest.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
reserves, proved (oil and gas): Proved reserves for oil and gas are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
Reservoirs are considered proved if economic producibility is supported by one or more of: actual production; conclusive formation test; core analysis; and/or electric or other log interpretations. The area of a reservoir considered proved includes (1) that portion delineated by drilling and defined by gas-oil and/or oil-water contacts, if any; and (2) the immediately adjoining portions not yet drilled, but which can be reasonably judged as economically productive on the basis of available geological and engineering data. In the absence of information on fluid contacts, the lowest known structural occurrence of hydrocarbons controls the lower proved limited of the reservoir.
Volumes of oil and gas placed in underground storage are not to be considered proved reserves, but should be classified as inventory.
Reserves that can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (such as fluid injection) are included in the "proved" classification when successful testing by a pilot project or when the operation of an installed program in the reservoir provides support for the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based.
Estimates of proved reserves do not include the following: (1) oil that may become available from known reservoirs but is classified separately as "indicated additional reserves"; (2) crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, the recovery of which is subject to reasonable doubt because of uncertainty as to geology, reservoir characteristics, or economic factors; (3) crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that may occur in undrilled prospects; and (4) crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that may be recovered from oil shales, tar sands, coal, gilsonite, and other such sources.
It is not necessary that production, gathering, or transportation facilities be installed or operative for a reservoir to be considered proved.
For natural gas, an appropriate reduction in the reservoir gas volume is made to cover the
removal of the liquefiable portions of the gas and the exclusion of nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
DOE/EIA-0206*
reserves: (See Proved Reserves.)
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*
reservoir (1): A porous and permeable underground formation containing an individual and separate natural accumulation of producible hydrocarbons (oil and/or gas) that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is characterized by a single natural pressure system.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-23, EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0167*, DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0216, DOE/EIA-0370, DOE/EIA-0545
reservoir (2): A body of water collected and stored in a natural or artificial lake.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
reservoir capacity: The present total developed capacity (base and working) of the storage reservoir, excluding contemplated future development.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191
reservoir repressuring: The injection of a pressurized fluid (such as air, gas, or water) into oil and gas reservoir formations to effect greater ultimate recovery.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
residential (1): Occupied housing units, including mobile homes, single-family housing units (attached and detached), and apartments. Residential does not include vacant housing units or second homes. (See Occupied Housing Unit, Household, and Housing Unit.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*
residential (2): Photovoltaic modules that are used in distributed, grid-connected photovoltaic systems to provide power for residential applications.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
residential (3): The residential sector is defined as private household establishments that consume energy primarily for space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and clothes drying. The classification of an individual consumer's account, where the use is both residential and commercial, is based on principal use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826, EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
residential (4): In cases of sales of No. 2 distillate and propane, includes individual customers or households (as opposed to businesses or institutions) who ostensibly use the fuel in a residence. Sales to apartment buildings/complexes or to other multi-family dwellings are excluded from "Residential Sales" and are included in "Commercial/Institutional Sales".
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
residential building: A structure used primarily as a dwelling for one or more households.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
residential consumers: Consumers using gas for heating, air conditioning, cooking, water heating, and other residential uses in single and multi-family dwellings and apartments and mobile homes.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
residential consumption: Natural gas used in private dwellings, including apartments, for heating, air conditioning, cooking, water heating, and other household uses.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538*
residential end-use sector: Private household establishments that consume energy primarily for space heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and clothes washing and drying.
OPI: EI-20
Sources: DOE/EIA-0469
residential energy consumption survey (recs): A national multistage probability sample survey conducted by the Energy End Use Division of the Energy Information Administration. The RECS provides baseline information on how households in the United States use energy. The Residential Transportation Energy Consumption Survey (RTECS) sample is a subset of the RECS. Household demographic characteristics reported in the RTECS publication are collected during the RECS personal interview.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
residential heating oil price: The price charged for home delivery of No. 2 heating oil, exclusive of any discounts such as those for prompt cash payment. Prices do not include taxes paid by the consumer.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0538
residential propane price: The "bulk keep full" price for home delivery of consumer-grade propane intended for use in space heating, cooking, or hot water heaters in residences.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0538
residential sector: The residential sector includes private household establishments that consume energy primarily for space heating, water heating, air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, cooking, and clothes washing/drying. The classification of an individual consumer's account, where the use is both residential and commercial, is based on principal use. Apartment houses are included.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*
residential type central air conditioner: There are four basic parts to a residential central air-conditioning system: (1) a condensing unit, (2) a cooling coil, (3) ductwork, and (4) a control mechanism such as a thermostat. There are two basic configurations of residential central systems: (1) a "split system" where the condensing unit is located outside and the other components are inside, and (2) a packaged-terminal air-encased in one unit and is usually found in a "utility closet." In the CBECS, if the residential type is a "PTAC", it should be coded under "Packaged air conditioning units."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
residential use: Includes sales for use in private households for space heating, water heating, cooking, etc. Sales to farm houses are reported under "Farm Use."
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
residential vehicles: Motorized vehicles used by U.S. households for personal transportation. Excluded are motorcycles, mopeds, large trucks, and buses. Included are automobiles, station wagons, passenger vans, cargo vans, motor homes, pickup trucks, and jeeps or similar vehicles. In order to be included, vehicles must be (1) owned by members of the household, or (2) company cars not owned by household members but regularly available to household members for their personal use and ordinarily kept at home, or (3) rented or leased for 1 month or more.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
residential/commercial (consumer category): Housing units, wholesale or retail businesses (except coal wholesale dealers); health institutions (hospitals, social and educational institutions (schools and universities); and Federal, state, and local governments (military installations, prisons, office buildings, etc.). Excludes shipments to Federal power projects, such as TVA, and rural electrification cooperatives, power districts, and state power projects.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6, DOE/EIA-0121
residual fuel oil (1): The heavier oils that remain after the distillate fuel oils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilled away in refinery operations and that conform to ASTM Specifications D396 and 975. Included are No. 5, a residual fuel oil of medium viscosity; Navy Special, for use in steam-
powered vessels in government service and inshore power plants; and No. 6, which includes Bunker C fuel oil and is used for commercial and industrial heating, electricity generation, and to power ships. Imports of residual fuel oil include imported crude oil burned as fuel.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
residual fuel oil (2): The topped crude of refinery operations, which includes No. 5 and No. 6 fuel oils as defined in ASTM Specification D 396 and Federal Specification VV-F-815C, Navy Special fuel oil as defined in Military Specification MIL-F-859E including Amendment 2 (NATO Symbol F-770), and Bunker C fuel oil. Residual fuel oil is used for the production of electric power, space heating, vessel bunkering, and various industrial purposes.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0535
residual fuel oil +: The topped crude obtained by refinery operations, including No. 5 and No. 6 Fuel Oils and Bunker C Fuel Oil.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*
residual fuel: Topped crude obtained by refinery operations, including light and heavy grades 5 and 6, heavy diesel fuel, type S-M diesel fuel, Navy Grade, Navy Special, bunker C, and acid sludge.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206
residue gas: Natural gas from which natural gas processing plant liquid products and, in some cases, nonhydrocarbon components have been extracted.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
residuum: Residue from crude oil after distilling off all but the heaviest components, with a boiling range greater than 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
respondent: A company or individual who completes and returns a report or survey form.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
restoration time: The time when the major portion of the interrupted load has been restored and the emergency is considered to be ended. However, some of the loads interrupted may not have been restored due to local problems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0531*
restricted-universe census: This is the complete enumeration of data from a specifically defined subset of entities including, for example, those that exceed a given level of sales or generator nameplate capacity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
retail motor gasoline prices: Motor gasoline prices calculated each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in conjunction with the construction of the Consumer Price Index.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
retail wheeling: An arrangement in which a utility transmits electricity from outside its service territory to a retail customer within its customer service territory.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531
retail: Sales covering electrical energy supplied for residential, commercial, and industrial end-use purposes. Other small classes, such as agriculture and street lighting, also are included in this category.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
retailer: A firm (other than a refiner, reseller, or reseller/retailer) that carries on the trade or business of purchasing refined petroleum products and reselling them to ultimate consumers without substantially changing their form.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0545
retained earnings: The balance, either debit or credit, of appropriated or unappropriated retained earnings of the utility department arising from earnings.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-412, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2
retire from service: A vehicle is retired from service if that vehicle is placed out of service and there are no future plans to return that vehicle to service.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
retired hydropower plant sites: The site of a plant that formerly produced electrical or mechanical power but is now out of service. Includes plants that have been abandoned, damaged by flood or fire, inundated by new reservoirs, or dismantled.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
return on common equity: The net income less preferred stock dividends, divided by the average common stock equity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
return on common stock equity: An equity's earnings available for common stockholders calculated as a percentage of its common equity capital.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
revenue - (electricity): The total amount of money received by an entity from sales of its products and/or services; gains from the sales or exchanges of assets, interest, and dividends earned on investments; and other increases in the owner's equity, except those arising from capital adjustments.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
revenue requirement: The total revenue that the utility is authorized an opportunity to recover, which includes operating expenses and a reasonable return on rate base.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
reversible turbine: A hydraulic turbine, normally installed in a pumped-storage plant, which can be used alternatively as a pump or as an engine, turbine, water wheel, or other apparatus that drives an electrical generator.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
revisions and additions (gross change in reserves): The difference (plus or minus) between the year-
end reserves plus production for a given year and the year-end reserves for the previous year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
revisions of previous estimates: Changes in previous estimates of proved reserves, either upward or downward, resulting from new information normally obtained from development drilling and production history or resulting from a change in economic factors. Revisions do not include changes in reserve estimates resulting from increases in proved acreage or from improved recovery techniques.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
revisions: Any change in earlier reserve estimates, positive or negative, made during the year as a result of new information, including the enlargement of the proved area (extensions). Revisions for a given year also include increases associated with improved recovery techniques or equipment, adjustments made for previous errors in production estimates, or changes in one or more facts in volumetric or performance reserve estimates.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167, DOE/EIA-0216*
ribbon silicon (1): Single-crystal silicon derived by means of fabricating processes that produce sheets or ribbons of single-crystal silicon. These processes include edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG), dendritic web growth, and ribbon-to-
ribbon growth (RTR).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B, DOE/EIA-0174*
ribbon silicon (2): Sheets of crystalline silicon fabricated by a variety of techniques whereby thin silicon sheets form by crystallization as material is withdrawn from a pool of relatively pure molten silicon. The techniques include: edge-
defined, film-fed growth (EFG); edge-supported pulling (ESP); low-angle silicon shut (LASS); and dendritic-web growth.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B, DOE/EIA-0174
right-of-way: The land and legal right to use and service the land along which a transmission line is located. Transmission line right-of-way is usually acquired in widths that vary with the kilovolt (kV) size of the line.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
river (method of transportation to consumers): Shipments of coal moved to consumers via river by barge. Shipments to Great Lakes coal loading docks or Tidewater pier or coastal points are not included.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
road oil: Any heavy petroleum oil, including residual asphaltic oil used as a dust pallative and surface treatment on roads and highways. It is generally produced in six grades, from 0, the most liquid, to 5, the most viscous.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0219, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545
rodlet or GAD basket: An open garbage and debris (GAD) basket that may have contain pieces of fuel rods, disassembled fuel rods, and other fuel and nonfuel components.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
roof insulation: Insulating materials placed underneath the roof or on the roof.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
roof or ceiling insulation, insulation in exterior walls: Any material that when placed between the interior surface of the building and the exterior surface of the building, reduces the rate of heat loss to the environment or heat gain from the environment. Roof or ceiling insulation refers to insulation placed in the roof or ceiling of the top occupied floor in the building. Wall insulation refers to insulation placed between the exterior and interior walls of the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
roof or ceiling insulation: A building shell conservation feature consisting of insulation placed in the roof (below the waterproofing layer) or in the ceiling of the top floor in the building. (See Insulation and Building Shell Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
room air conditioner: Air-conditioning units that typically fit into the window or wall and are designed to cool only one room. (See Air Conditioning.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
room heater burning gas, oil, and kerosene: Any of the following heating equipment: circulating heaters, convectors, radiant gas heaters, space heaters, or other nonportable room heaters that may or may not be connected to a flue, vent, or chimney.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
room-and-pillar mining: The most common method of underground mining in which the mine roof is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular intervals. Rooms are places where the coal is mined; pillars are areas of coal left between the rooms. Room-and-
pillar mining is done either by conventional or continuous mining.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
rooms with special ventilation: The CBECS collects data for "any use that requires special ventilation equipment, such as laboratories or "clean rooms." This category refers to the part of buildings that have special ventilation equipment for controlling or maintaining the temperature, humidity, or clear the air. In addition to laboratories, other examples of spaces with special ventilation requirements include dry cleaning establishments, enclosed parking garages, auto body repair shops, operating rooms in hospitals, kitchens in full-service restaurants, or other areas which utilize fume hoods; safety cabinets, ventilation fans, diffusers, exhaust air system, exhaust fans, and supply fans. To be considered special ventilation equipment, a fan must be attached to ducts, and these ducts must be ducted to the outside. (See Energy-
Related Space Functions.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
rooms: Subdivisions of a living unit. Whole rooms are rooms such as living rooms, dining rooms, bedrooms, kitchens, lodgers' rooms, finished basements or attic rooms, recreation rooms, and permanently enclosed sun porches that are used year-round. Rooms used for offices by a person living in the unit are included. "Finished" means that the ceiling and walls are covered with finishing materials.
Not considered to be rooms are bathrooms, halls, foyers or vestibules, balconies, closets, alcoves, pantries, strip or pullman kitchens, laundry or furnace rooms, unfinished attics or basements, open porches, and unfinished space used for storage.
A partially divided room, such as a dinette next to a kitchen or a living room, is considered a separate room only if there is a partition from floor to ceiling--but not if the partition consists solely of shelves or cabinets. If a room is used by occupants of more than one unit, the room is included with the unit from which it is most easily reached.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
rotary rig: A machine used for drilling wells that employs a rotating tube attached to a bit for boring holes through rock.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545*
round test mesh: A sieving screen with round holes, the dimensions of which are of specific sizes to allow certain sizes of coal to pass through while retaining other sizes.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
roundwood: Wood cut specifically for use as a fuel.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515
royalty cost: A share of the profit or product reserved by the grantor of a mining lease, such as a royalty paid to a lessee.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
royalty interest (including overriding royalty): These interests entitle their owner(s) to a share of the mineral production from a property or to a share of the proceeds therefrom. They do not contain the rights and obligations of operating the property and normally do not bear any of the costs of exploration, development, and operation of the property.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
royalty interest: An interest in a mineral property provided through a royalty contract.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
royalty: A contractual arrangement providing a mineral interest that gives the owner a right to a fractional share of production or proceeds therefrom, that does not contain rights and obligations of operating a mineral property, and that is normally free and clear of exploration, developmental and operating costs, except production taxes. (See Nonoperating Interest.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
rse (relative standard error): A measure of the reliability or precision of a survey statistic. The Relative Standard Error, or RSE, is defined as the standard error of a survey estimate, expressed as a percent of the estimate. For example, an RSE of 10 percent means that the standard error is one-tenth as large as the survey estimate. (See Standard Error.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
rse column factor: An adjustment factor that appears above each column of the tables and is used to compute RSEs. For a survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE is obtained by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that cell.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464
rse or relative standard error: A measure of the reliability or precision of a survey statistic. Variability occurs in survey statistics because the different samples that could be drawn would each produce different values for the survey statistics. Relative Standard Error, or RSE, is a measure of precision on a percentage scale. The RSE is defined as the standard error of a survey estimate, divided by the survey estimate and multiplied by 100. (Standard error is the square root of the variance.) For example, an RSE of 50 percent means that the standard error is half as large as the survey estimate.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464
rse row factor: A factor that appears to the right of each row of the published tables and is used to compute RSEs. For a survey estimate in a particular row and column of a table (that is, a particular "cell"), the approximate RSE is obtained by multiplying the RSE row factor by the RSE column factor for that particular cell. The row factor is equal to the geometric mean of the RSEs in a particular row of the tables.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
rulemaking (regulations): The authority delegated to administrative agencies by Congress or State legislative bodies to make rules that have the force of law. Frequently, statutory laws that express broad terms of a policy are implemented more specifically by administrative rules, regulations, and practices.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
run off: That portion of the precipitation that flows over the land surface and ultimately reaches streams to complete the water cycle. Melting snow is an important source of this water as well as all amounts of surface water that move to streams or rivers through any given area of a drainage basin.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
run-of-mine coal: Coal as it comes from the mine prior to screening or any other treatment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
run-of-river hydroelectric plant: A low-head plant using the flow of a stream as it occurs and having little or no reservoir capacity for storage.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0455
running and quick-start capability: The net capability of generating units that carry load or have quick-start capability. In general, quick-start capability refers to generating units that can be available for load within a 30-minute period.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
rural electrification administration (rea): A lending agency of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the REA makes self-liquidating loans to qualified borrowers to finance electric and telephone service to rural areas. The REA finances the construction and operation of generating plants, electric transmission and distribution lines, or systems for the furnishing of initial and continued adequate electric services to persons in rural areas not receiving central station service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540
sIc: (See Standard Industrial Classification.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
salable-natural gas: Natural gas marketed under controlled quality conditions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167
sale: The transfer of title from the seller to a buyer for a price. Excludes intrafirm transfers, products consumed directly by the reporting firm, or sales of bonded fuel. Also excludes products delivered/loaded to exchange partners, except where the amount given up exceeds the amount received and the differential is invoiced as a sale during the month.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-821, EIA-863
DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
sales for resale: A type of wholesale sales covering energy supplied to other electric utilities, cooperatives, municipalities, and Federal and state electric agencies for resale to ultimate consumers.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-412, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
sales to end users: Sales made directly to the consumer of the product. Includes bulk consumers, such as agriculture, industry, and utilities, as well as residential and commercial consumers.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0545
sales type: Sales categories of sales to end-users and sales for resale.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
sales: The amount of kilowatthours sold in a given period of time; usually grouped by classes of service such as residential, commercial, industrial, and other.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-412, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
salt dome: A domical arch (anticline) of sedimentary rock beneath the earth's surface in which the layers bend downward in opposite directions from the crest and that has a mass of rock salt as its core.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
sample design: The usage is not uniform as regards the precise meaning of this and similar terms like "sample plan," "survey design," "sampling plan," or "sampling design." These cover one or more parts constituting the entire planning of a sample survey inclusive of processing, etc. The term "sampling plan" may be restricted to mean all steps taken in selecting the sample; the term "sample design" may cover, in addition, the method of estimation; and "survey design" may cover also other aspects of the survey, e.g., choice and training of interviewers, tabulation plans, etc. "Sample design" is sometimes used in a clearly defined sense, with reference to a given frame, as the set of rules or specifications for the drawing of a sample in an unequivocal manner.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sample size: The number of sampling units that are to be included in the sample. In the case of a multi-
stage sample, this number refers to the number of units at the final stage in the sampling.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sample survey: A survey that is carried out using a sampling method, i.e., in which a portion only and not the whole population is surveyed.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sample unit: Often synonymous with sampling unit but would be better confined to the denotation of any one of the units constituting a specified sample.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sample: A part of a population or a subset from a set of units that is provided by some process or other, usually by deliberate selection, which the objective of investigating the properties of the parent population or set.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sampling error: That part of the difference between a population value and an estimate thereof, derived from a random sample, which is due to the fact that only a sample of values is observed; as distinct from errors due to imperfect selection, bias in response or estimation, errors of observation and recording, etc. The totality of sampling errors in all possible samples of the same size generates the sampling distribution of the statistic that is being used to estimate the parent value. (See Non-Sampling Error.)
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sampling unit: One of the units into which an aggregate is divided or regarded as divided for the purposes of sampling, each unit being regarded as individual and indivisible when the selection is made. The definition of unit may be made on some natural basis, e.g., households, persons, units of product, tickets, etc., or upon some arbitrary basis, e.g., areas defined by grid coordinates on a map. In the case of multi-
stage sampling, the units are at different stages of sampling, being "large" at the first stage and growing progressively smaller with each stage in the process of selection. The term "sample unit" is sometimes used in a synonymous sense. (See Sample Unit.)
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sampling variance: The variance of a sampling distribution. The word "sampling" can usually be omitted, as being defined by the context or otherwise understood. The sampling variance of a statistic is the square of its standard error.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
sampling: The procedure used to select cases for interview from the population of in the United States. (See Multistage Area Probability Sample.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464
schedule: A statement of the pricing format of electricity and the terms and conditions governing its applications.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
scheduled outage: The shutdown of a generating unit, transmission line, or other facility for inspection or maintenance, in accordance with an advance schedule.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
scoop loading: An underground loading method by which coal is removed from the working face by a tractor unit equipped with a hydraulically operated bucket attached to the front; also called a front-end loader.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
screenings: The undersized coal from a screening process, usually one-half inch or smaller.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER): Ratio of the cooling output divided by the power consumption. It is the Btu of cooling output during its normal annual usage divided by the total electric energy input in watt hours during the same period. This is a measure of the cooling performance for rating central air conditioners and central heat pumps. The appliance standards require a minimum SEER of 10 for split-system central air conditioners and for split-system central heat pumps to effect in 1992. The average heat pump or central air conditioner sold in 1986 had an SEER of about 9.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
seasonal pricing: A special electric rate feature under which the price per unit of energy depends on the season of the year. (See Rate Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0246
seasonal rates: Different seasons of the year are structured into an electric rate schedule whereby an electric utility provides service to consumers at different rates. The electric rate schedule usually takes into account demand based on weather and other factors.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0540
seasonal units: Housing units intended for occupancy at only certain seasons of the year. Seasonal units include units intended only for recreational use, such as beach cottages and hunting cabins. It is not likely that this type of unit will be the usual residence for a household, because it may not be fit for living quarters for more than half of the year. (See Primary Residence.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
seating capacity - classrooms: The number of students that can be seated in the classrooms and/or lecture halls of an education building at a given time. (See Principal Building Activity, and Special Measures of Occupancy.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
seating capacity - food service: The number of patrons that can be seated in a food service building at a given time. (See Principal Building Activity and Special Measures of Occupancy.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
seating capacity - religious worship: The number of persons that can be seated at a given time in a building used for religious worship. (See Principal Building Activity and Special Measures of Occupancy.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
second home: By definition, a second home is not the primary residence of a householder. Second homes are not included in the Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) count of occupied housing units. (See Housing Unit, Primary Residence, and Seasonal Units.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
secondary heating equipment: Space-heating equipment used less often than the main space-heating equipment. (See Main.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
secondary heating fuel: Fuels used in secondary space-heating equipment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
self-employment from business or farm: Income where persons or family operate their own business, professional practice or partnership, farm, or ranch.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
seller type: Categories of major refiners and other refiners and gas plant operators.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0487
semianthracite: (See Anthracite.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
separate metering: Measurement of electricity or natural gas consumption in a building using a separate meter for each of several tenants or establishments in the building. (See Master-Metering.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
separative work unit (SWU): The standard measure of enrichment services. The effort expended in separating a mass F of feed of assay xf into a mass P of product assay xp and waste of mass W and assay xw is expressed in terms of the number of separative work units needed, given by the expression SWU = WV(xw) + PV(xp) - FV(xf), where V(x) is the "value function," defined as V(x) = (1 - 2x) 1n((1 - x)/x).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858, DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0477
service area: The territory in which a utility system or distributor is authorized to provide service to consumers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
service well: A well drilled, completed, or converted for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field. Wells of this class also are drilled or converted for the following specific purposes:
- Gas injection (natural gas, propane, butane or fuel-gas)
- Water injection
- Steam injection
- Air injection
- Salt water disposal
- Water supply for injection
- Observation
- Injection for in-situ combustion.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
setback temperature behavior: These data were derived from differences in the temperature setting for daytime temperature when someone is at home, daytime temperature when no one is at home, and the temperature for sleeping hours (assumed to be nighttime).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
shaft mine: A mine that reaches the coal bed by means of a vertical shaft.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*
shakes: Flat pieces of weatherproof material laid with others in a series of overlapping rows as covering for roofs and sometimes the sides of buildings. Shakes are similar to wood shingles, but instead of having a cut and smoothly planed surface, shakes have textured grooves and a rough or "split" appearance to give a rustic feeling. (See Shingles, Siding, and Wooden Materials.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
shallow pitting: Testing a potential mineral deposit by systematically sinking small shafts into the earth and analyzing the material recovered.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
sheet metal panels: Includes metal panels made in factories and shipped to the building site where they are fastened to the building frame. They are usually aluminum or galvanized steel. Also include Pre-engineered metal buildings. Another term for this is "prefabricated" or "pre-fab." A Quonset hut is an example of sheet metal panels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
shell storage capacity: The design capacity of a petroleum storage tank that is always greater than or equal to working storage capacity.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
shingles: Flat pieces of weatherproof material laid with others in a series of overlapping rows as covering for roofs and sometimes the sides of buildings. Shingles are manufactured in a variety of materials including fiberglass, wood, plastic, baked clay, tile, asbestos, asphalt, and aluminum. (See Siding, Shakes, and Wooden Materials.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
short purchases: A single shipment of fuel or volumes of fuel purchased for delivery within 1 year. Spot purchases are often made by a user to fulfill a certain portion of energy requirements, to meet unanticipated energy needs, or to take advantage of low-fuel prices.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226
short term sales: Any short-term purchase covering a time period of 2 years or less. Purchases from intrastate pipelines pursuant to Section 311(b) of the NGPA of 1978 are classified as short-term sales, regardless of the stated contract term.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167
short ton: A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
OPI: EI-20,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: EIA-1, EIA-28, EIA-4, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0469, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
short-term debt or borrowings: Debt securities or borrowings having a maturity of less than one year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(93)
short-term purchase: A purchase contract under which all deliveries of materials are scheduled to be completed by the end of the first calender year following the contract-signing year. Deliveries can be made during the contract year, but deliveries are not scheduled to occur beyond the first calendar year thereafter.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
shortwall mining: A form of underground mining that involves the use of a continuous mining machine and movable roof supports to shear coal panels 150 to 200 feet wide and more than half a mile long. Although similar to longwall mining, shortwall mining is generally more flexible because of the smaller working area. Productivity is lower than with longwall mining because the coal is hauled to the mine face by shuttle cars as opposed to conveyors.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
shrinkage: The volume of natural gas that is transformed into liquid products during processing, primarily at natural gas liquids processing plants.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
shut in: Closed temporarily; wells and mines capable of production may be shut in for repair, cleaning, inaccessibility to a market, etc.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
shut-in royalty: A royalty paid by a lessee as compensation for a lessor's loss of income because the lessee has deferred production from a property that is known to be capable of producing minerals. Shut in may be caused by a lack of a ready market, by a lack of transportation facilities, or by other reasons. A shut-in royalty may or may not be recoverable out of future production.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
shutdown date: Month and year of shutdown for fuel discharge and refueling. The date should be the point at which the reactor became subcritical.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
sidetrack drilling: This is a remedial operation that results in the creation of a new section of well bore for the purpose of (1) detouring around junk, (2) redrilling lost holes, or (3) straightening key seats and crooked holes. Directional "side-
track" wells do not include footage in the common bore that is reported as footage for the original well.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
siding: An exterior wall covering material made of wood, plastic (including vinyl), or metal. Siding is generally produced in the shape of boards and is applied to the outside of a building in overlapping rows.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
silicon: A semiconductor material made from silica, purified for photovoltaic applications.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
silt, culm, refuse bank, or slurry dam mining: A mining operation producing coal from these sources of coal. (See Refuse Mine.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
silt: Waste from Pennsylvania anthracite preparation plants, consisting of coarse rock fragments containing as much as 30 percent small-sized coal; sometimes defined as including very fine coal particles called silt. Its heat value ranges from 8 to 17 million Btu per short ton. Synonymous with culm.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
single circuit line: A transmission line with one electric circuit. For three-phase supply, a single circuit requires at least three conductors, one per phase.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
single crystal silicon (Czochralsky): Silicon cells with a well-ordered crystalline structure consisting of one crystal (usually obtained by means of the Czochralsky growth technique and involving ingot slicing), composing a module. Ribbon silicon is excluded.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
single crystal silicon: An extremely pure form of crystalline silicon produced by dipping a single crystal seed into a pool of molten silicon under high vacuum conditions and slowly withdrawing a solidifying single crystal boule (rod) of silicon. The boule is sawed into thin silicon wafers and fabricated into single-crystal photovoltaic cells.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
single establishment building: A building that houses only one establishment, for example, a building dedicated to the offices of a single corporation. (See Establishment, Multibuilding Establishment, Multiple-
Establishment Building, and Building.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
single family (1): A unit that provides living space for one household or family. The structure may be detached or attached to another unit. Attached houses are considered single-family houses as long as the house itself is not divided into more than one housing unit and has an independent outside entrance. A single-family house is contained within walls that go from the basement (or the ground floor if there is no basement) to the roof. (A mobile home with one or more rooms added is classified as a single-
family home.) Townhouses, rowhouses, and duplexes are considered single-family attached housing units, as long as there is no household living above another one within the walls that go from the basement to the roof to separate the units.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
single family (2): (See Housing Structure.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
single purpose project: A hydroelectric project constructed only to generate electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
site energy: The Btu value of energy at the point it enters the home, sometimes referred to as "delivered" energy. The site value of energy is used for all fuels, including electricity. (See Adjusted Electricity and Btu Conversion Factors.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
site-specific information DSM program assistance: A DSM assistance program that provides quidance on energy efficiency and load management options tailored to a particular customer'sfacility; it often involves an on-site inspection of the customer facility to identify cost-effective DSM actions that could be taken. They include audits, engineering design calculations on information provided about the building, and technical assistance to architects and engineers who design new facilities. (See DSM Program Assistance.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
slate or tile shingles: Tile refers to any thin, square or rectangular piece of clay, stone, or concrete used for roofing. Slate refers to a particular stone used for roofing. Shingles are manufactured in a variety of material.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0246*
slope mine: A mine that reaches the coal bed by means of an inclined opening.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*
slot: A physical position in a rack in a storage pool that is intended to be occupied by an intact assembly or equivalent (that is, a canister or an assembly skeleton).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
sludge: Solid wastes from flue-gas cleaning systems composed of sulfur salts of calcium together with varying amounts of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and unreacted lime (CaO).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
slurry dam: A repository for the silt or culm from a preparation plant.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
small pickup truck: A pickup truck weighing under 4,500 lbs GVW.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
small power producer (SPP): Under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), a small power production facility (or small power producer) generates electricity using waste, renewable (biomass, conventional hydroelectric, wind and solar, and geothermal) energy as a primary energy source. Fossil fuels can be used, but renewable resource must provide at least 75 percent of the total energy input. (See Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 292.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
sng: Substitute Natural Gas produced synthetically from organic raw material at an SNG plant.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
social security or railroad retirement: Income received for reasons such as disability, retirement, survivorship, or dependency. The Railroad Retirement and Social Security programs are closely coordinated. In general, eligibility and manner of payment are very similar in both programs. Social Security payments are received by persons who have worked long enough in "covered" employment to be entitled to payments. Social Security payments may also be made to the spouse or dependent children of covered workers. Railroad Retirement benefits are based on a person's long-term employment (10 years or more) in the railroad industry. It is possible to receive both Social Security and Railroad Retirement.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
solar collector: A device designed to receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored for later use. Solar collectors are used for space heating (main or secondary); water heating (main or secondary); and heating a swimming pool, hot tub, spa, or jacuzzi.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0384*
solar energy: The radiant energy of the sun, which can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat or electricity.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515
solar thermal collector, high temperature: A collector that generally operates at temperatures above 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
solar thermal collector, low-temperature: A collector that generally operates at temperatures below 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Typically, it has no glazing or insulation and is made of plastic or rubber, although some are made of metal.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
solar thermal collector, medium-temperature: A collector that generally operates at temperatures of 140 degrees F to 180 degrees Fahrenheit, but can also operate at temperatures as low as 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Typically, it has one or two glazings, a metal frame, a metal absorption panel with integral flow channels or attached tubing (liquid collector) or with integral ducting (air collector) and insulation on the sides and back of the panel.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
solar thermal collector, special: An evacuated tube collector or a concentrating (focusing) collector. Special collectors operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and specialized industrial processes).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
solar thermal collector: A device designed to receive solar insulation and convert it into thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediately or stored for later use.
OPI: EI-20,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0469
solar thermal panels: A system that actively concentrates thermal energy from the sun by means of solar collector panels. The panels typically consist of fat, sun-oriented boxes with transparent covers, containing water tubes of air baffles under a blackened heat absorbent panel. The energy is usually used for space heating, for water heating, and for heating swimming pools.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
solar: Collectors receive solar radiation and convert it into thermal energy. Normally, a solar thermal collector includes a frame, glazing, and an absorber, together with appropriate insulation. The heat collected by the solar thermal collector may be used immediatley or stored for later use. Solar collectors are used for space heating (main or secondary); water heating (main or secondary); and heating a swimming pool, hot tub, spa, or jacuzzi.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
source material: The term "source material" means (1) uranium, thorium, or any other material that is determined by the Atomic Energy Commission pursuant to the provisions of section 61 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to be source material; or (2) ores containing one or more of the foregoing materials, in such concentration as the Commission may by regulation determine from time to time.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
spa: (See Hot Tub.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
space heating equipment: (See Heating Equipment and Main Heating Equipment.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
space heating: The use of energy to generate heat for warmth in housing units using space-heating equipment. The equipment could be the main space-heating equipment or secondary space-heating equipment. It does not include the use of energy to operate appliances (such as lights, televisions, and refrigerators) that give off heat as a byproduct.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*
special collector: An evacuated tube collector or a concentrating (focusing) collector. Special collectors operate in the temperature range from just above ambient temperature (low concentration for pool heating) to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit (high concentration for air conditioning and specialized industrial processes).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
special contract rate schedule: An electric rate schedule for an electric service agreement between a utility and another party in addition to, or independent of, any standard rate schedule.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
special energy technologies: See Thermal Energy Storage (TES) or Pump Storage, Passive Solar Heating, Geothermal Energy, Well Water for Cooling, Waste Incineration to Produce Energy, and Wind Generation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
special measures of occupancy: A measure relating to the use of a building for certain types of buildings. For example, the number of licensed beds in a hospital or the number of guest rooms in a hotel. (See Seating Capacity - Classrooms, Seating Capacity - Food Service, Number of Rooms - Lodging, and Licensed Bed Capacity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
special naphthas: All finished products within the naphtha boiling range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents. These products are refined to a specified flash point. Special naphthas include all commercial hexane and cleaning solvents conforming to ASTM Specification D1836 and D484, respectively. Naphthas to be blended or marketed as motor gasoline or aviation gasoline or that are to be used as petrochemical and synthetic natural gas (SNG) feedstocks are excluded.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
special nuclear material: The term "special nuclear material" means (1) plutonium, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material that the Atomic Energy Commission, pursuant to the provisions of section 51 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, determines to be special nuclear material, but does not include source material; or (2) any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing, but does not include source material.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
special purpose rate schedule: An electric rate schedule limited in its application to some particular purpose or process within one, or more than one, type of industry or business.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
specular reflectors: Specular reflectors have mirrorlike characteristics (the word "specular" is derived from the Greek word meaning mirror). The most common materials used for ballasts, the devices that turn on and operate Fluorescent tubes, are aluminum and silver. Silver has the highest reflectivity; aluminum has the lowest cost. The materials and shape of the reflector are designed to reduce absorption of light within the fixture while delivering light in the desired angular pattern. Adding (or retrofitting) specular reflectors to an existing light fixture is frequently implemented as a conservation measure.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
speculative resources (SR): Uranium in addition to Estimated Additional Resources (EAR) that is thought to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable with existing exploration techniques. The locations of deposits in this category can generally be specified only as being somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The existence and size of such deposits are speculative. The estimates in this category are less reliable than estimates of EAR. SR corresponds to DOE's Possible Potential Resources plus Speculative Potential Resources categories.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
spent fuel disassembly hardware: The skeleton of a fuel assembly after the fuel rods have been removed. Generally, SFD hardware for PWR assemblies includes guide tubes; instrument tubes, top and bottom nozzles; grid spacers; hold-down springs; and attachment components, such as nuts and locking caps. For BWR fuel assemblies, SFD hardware includes the top and bottom tie plates, compression springs for individual fuel rods, grid spacers, and water rods.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
spent fuel: Irradiated fuel that is permanently discharged from a reactor. Except for possible reprocessing, this fuel must eventually be removed from its temporary storage location at the reactor site and placed in a permanent repository. Spent fuel is typically measured either in metric tons of heavy metal (i.e., only the heavy metal content of the spent fuel is considered) or in metric tons of initial heavy metal (essentially, the initial mass of the fuel before irradiation). The difference between these two quantities is the weight of the fission products.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436
spinning reserve: That reserve generating capacity running at a zero load and synchronized to the electric system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
split system: When applied to electric air-conditioning equipment, it means a two-part system--an indoor unit and an outdoor unit. The indoor unit is an evaporator coil mounted in the indoor circulating air system, and the outdoor unit is an air-cooled condensing unit containing an electric motor-driven compressor, a condenser fan, and a fan motor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
split tails: Use of one tails assay for transaction of enrichment services and a different tails assay for operation of the enrichment plant. This mode of operations typically increases the use of uranium, which is relatively inexpensive, while decreasing the use of separative work, which is expensive.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
spontaneous combustion, or self-heating, of coal: A naturally occurring process caused by the oxidation of coal. It is most common in low-
rank coals and is a potential problem in storing and transporting coal for extended periods. Factors involved in spontaneous combustion include the size of the coal (the smaller sizes are more susceptible), the moisture content, and the sulfur content. Heat buildup in stored coal can degrade the quality of coal, cause it to smolder, and lead to a fire.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
spot market (uranium): Buying and selling of uranium for immediate or very near-term delivery. It typically involves transactions for delivery of up to 500,000 pounds U3O8 within a year of contract execution.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
spot purchase: A spot purchase transaction is a purchase that does not fall under the terms of a continuing supply arrangement. The conditions of the transaction between the importer and the seller determine whether a particular purchase is spot. For instance, in the case where a company has an on-going crude supply contract with a supplier, the crude supplied under that contract is treated as term even if purchased at a spot market price, so long as it is supplied to the importer under the continuing supply arrangement. If, on the other hand, the supplier delivers crude outside the conditions of the on-going supply arrangement, then the purchase covering such supply should be reported as a spot transaction.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-856, DOE/EIA-0478*
spot purchases: A single shipment of fuel or volumes of fuel purchased for delivery within 1 year. Spot purchases are often made by a user to fulfill a certain portion of energy requirements, to meet unanticipated energy needs, or to take advantage of low-fuel prices.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0348/2
spot-market price: A transaction price concluded "on the spot," that is, on a one-time, prompt basis. The transaction usually involves only one specific quantity of product. This contrasts with a term-contract sale price, which obligates the seller to deliver a product at an agreed frequency and price over an extended period.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0477, DOE/EIA-0478, DOE/EIA-0545
square feet per worker: The ratio of the total square footage in a category to the total number of workers in the category.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
square feet: The floor area of the housing unit that is enclosed from the weather. Basements are included whether or not they contain finished space. Garages are included if they have a wall in common with the house. Attics that have finished space and attics that have some heated space are included. Crawlspaces are not included, even if they are enclosed from the weather. Sheds and other buildings that are not attached to the house are not included. Measured square feet means that the measurement of the dimensions of the home was an actual measurement made using a metallic, retractable, 50-foot tape measure.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
square footage: Floor space, in units of square feet. One square foot is approximately equal to 0.0929 square meters.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
stability: The property of a system or element by virture of which its output will ultimately attain a steady state. The amount of power that can be transferred from one machine to another following a disturbance. The stability of a power system is its ability to develop restoring forces equal to or greater than the disturbing forces so as to maintain a state of equilibrium.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
stack: A tall, vertical structure containing one or more flues used to discharge products of combustion to the atmosphere.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
standard Industrial classification (sIc): A set of codes developed by the Office of Management and Budget, which categorizes industries into groups with similar economic activities.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0348/2
standard contract: The agreement between the Department of Energy (DOE) and the owners or generators of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste, under which DOE will make available nuclear waste disposal services to those owners and generators.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
standard deviation: The most widely used measure of dispersion of a frequency distribution introduced by K. Pearson (1893). It is equal to the positive square root of the variance. The standard deviation should not be confused with the root mean-square deviation.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
standard error of estimate: An expression for the standard deviation of the observed values about a regression line, i.e., an estimate of the variation likely to be encountered in making predictions from the regression equation.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
standard error: The positive square root of the variance of the sampling distribution of a statistic.
OPI: EI-60,EI-70
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, ISBN0-470-21349-3
standard fluorescent: A light bulb made of a glass tube coated on the inside with fluorescent material, which produces light by passing electricity through mercury vapor causing the fluorescent coating to glow or fluoresce.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
standard price: The average residential rate for one kilowatthour (kWh). The local electric rate is computed from: Typical Electric Bills, January 1, 1987 DOE/EIA-0040-(87); the U.S. Department of Agriculture typical bill data; billing data rates; and telephone calls to local utilities when no other data were available. The standard price is independent of the household's level of electricity consumption.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
standby charge: A charge for the potential use of a utility service, usually done by an agreement with another electric utility service. These services include system backup support and other running and quick-start capabilities.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
standby electricity generation: Involves use of generators during times of high demand on utilities to avoid extra "peak-demand" charges.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
standby facility: A facility that supports a utility system and is generally running under no-load. It is available to replace or supplement a facility normally in service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
standby service: Support service that is available as needed to supplement a customer, a utility system, or another utility if a schedule or an agreement authorizes the transaction. The service is not regularly used.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
startup test phase of nuclear power plant: A nuclear power plant that has been licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to operate but is still in the initial testing phase, during which the production of electricity may not be continuous. In general, when the electric utility is satisfied with the plant's performance, it formally accepts the plant from the manufacturer and places it in commercial operation status. A request is then submitted to the appropriate utility rate commission to include the power plant in the rate base calculation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
startup/flame stabilization fuel: Any fuel used to initiate or sustain combustion or used to stabilize the height of flames once combustion is underway.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-860
state permit/license/mine number: Code assigned to a mining operation by the state in which the operation is located.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A
state severance taxes: Any severance, production, or similar tax, fee, or other levy imposed on the production of crude oil, natural gas, or coal by any State, local government acting under authority of State law, or by an Indian tribe recognized as eligible for services by the Secretary of the Interior.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
state: One of the 50 states, including adjacent outer continental shelf areas, or the District of Columbia.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
station (electric): A plant containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or nuclear energy into electric energy.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0531
station use: Energy that is used to operate an electric generating plant. It includes energy consumed for plant lighting, power, and auxiliary facilities, regardless of whether the energy is produced at the plant or comes from another source.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
steam (purchased): Steam, purchased for use by a refinery, that was not generated from within the refinery complex.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
steam coal: All noncoking coal.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376
steam electric plant (conventional): A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
steam electric power plant: A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine. The steam used to drive the turbine is produced in a boiler where fossil fuels are burned.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384
steam expenses: The cost of labor, materials, fuel, and other expenses incurred in production of steam for electric generation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455
steam from other sources: Steam purchased, transferred from another department of the utility, or acquired from others under a joint-facility operating agreement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455
steam or hot water radiators or baseboards: A distribution system where steam or hot water circulates through cast-iron radiators or baseboards. Some other types of equipment in the building may be used to produce the steam or hot water or it may enter the building already heated as part of a district hot water system. Hot water does not include domestic hot water used for cooking and cleaning.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
steam or hot water radiators: (See Baseboard Heater and Radiator.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
steam or hot-water system: Either of two types of a central space-heating system that supplies steam or hot water to radiators, convectors, or pipes. The more common type supplies either steam or hot water to conventional radiators, baseboard radiators, convectors, heating pipes embedded in the walls or ceilings, or heating coils or equipment that are part of a combined heating/ventilating or heating/air-conditioning system.The other type supplies radiant heat through pipes that carry hot water and are held in a concrete slab floor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
steam transferred-credit: The expenses of producing steam are charged to others or to other utility departments under a joint operating arrangement.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455
steam: (See District Steam.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
still gas (refinery gas): Any form or mixture of gases produced in refineries by distillation, cracking, reforming, and other processes. The principal constituents are methane, ethane, ethylene, normal butane, butylene, propane, propylene, etc. Still gas is used as a refinery fuel and a petrochemical feedstock. The conversion factor is 6 million Btus per fuel oil equivalent barrel.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340
stock change: The difference between stocks at the beginning of the month and stocks at the end of the month. A negative number indicates a decrease in stocks and a positive number indicates an increase in stocks.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
stocks, crude oil: Crude oil and lease condensate held at refineries, in pipelines, at pipeline terminals, and on leases.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
stocks, primary: Stocks of crude oil or petroleum products held in storage at (or in) leases, refineries, natural gas processing plants, pipelines, tank farms, and bulk terminals. Crude oil that is in transit from Alaska or that is stored on Federal leases or in the Strategic Petroleum Reserve is included. Excluded are stocks of foreign origin that are held in bonded warehouse storage.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
stocks: A supply of fuel accumulated for future use. This includes coal and fuel oil stocks at the plant site; in coal cars, tanks, or barges at the plant site; or at separate storage sites.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-759, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
storage additions: Volumes of gas injected or otherwise added to underground natural gas reservoirs or liquefied natural gas storage.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538
storage agreement: Any contractual arrangement between the responding company and a storage operator under which gas was stored for, or gas storage service was provided to, the responding company by the storage operator, irrespective of any responding company ownership interest in either the storage facilities or stored gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
storage capacity: Storage capacity includes any volumetric capacity (including tank tops and tank bottoms) that is on the establishment site even if it is dedicated or leased for the storage of an energy source by other establishments.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515
storage field capacity: The present developed maximum operating capacity.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191
storage hydroelectric plant: A hydroelectric plant with reservoir storage capacity for power use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095
storage site: Spent nuclear fuel storage pool or dry cask storage facility, usually located at the reactor site, as licensed by (or proposed to be licensed by) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
storage withdrawals: Total volume of gas withdrawn from underground storage or liquefied natural gas storage during.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538*
stories: Floors or levels in a building, not including basements. When the building is a split-level, the larger number of stories is used.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
storm door: A second door installed outside or inside a prime door creating an insulating air space. Included are sliding glass doors made of double glass or of insulating glass such as thermopane and sliding glass doors with glass or Plexiglas placed on either the outside or inside of the door to create an insulating air space. Not included are doors or sliding glass doors covered by plastic sheets or doors with storm window covering on just the glass portion of the door.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
storm or multiple glazing: A building shell conservation feature consisting of storm windows, storm doors, or double- or triple-paned glass that are placed on the exterior of the building to reduce the rate of heat loss. (See Building Shell Conservation Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
storm window: A window or glazing material placed outside or inside a window creating an insulating air space. Plastic material over windows is counted a a storm window if the same plastic material can be used year after year or if the plastic is left in place year-round and is in good condition (no holes or tears). If the plastic material must be put up new each year, it is not counted as a storm window. It is counted as "plastic coverings." Glass or Plexiglas placed over windows on either the interior or exterior side is counted as storm windows. (See Plastic Coverings.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*
storm windows, storm doors, thermal pane or double- triple-pane glass: Glass or Plexiglas placed over windows on either the interior or exterior are counted as storm windows. Plastic sheets covering windows are counted only if they can be used year after year. Also included in this category are windows made of double- or triple-paned glass such as thermopane.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
stove: (See Heating Stove, Burning Wood, Coal and Coke, and Cooking Stove.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
strategic petroleum reserve (spr): Petroleum stocks maintained by the Federal Government for use during periods of major supply interruption.
OPI: EI-20,EI-40, EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0469, DOE/EIA-0545
stratigraphic test well: A geologically directed drilling effort to obtain information pertaining to a specific geological condition that might lead toward the discovery of an accumulation of hydrocarbons. Such wells are customarily drilled without the intention of being completed for hydrocarbon production. This classification also includes tests identified as core tests and all types of expendable holes related to hydrocarbon exploration.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
stream-flow: The rate at which water passes a given point in a stream, usually expressed in cubic feet per second.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0531
strip (surface) mining: A method used on flat terrain to recover coal by mining long strips successively; the material excavated from the strip being mined is deposited in the strip previously mined.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
strip mine: An open cut in which the overburden is removed from a coal bed prior to the removal of coal.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-7A
stripper well (natural gas): A well that produces 60 thousand cubic feet per day or less of gas-well gas for a period of 3 consecutive months while producing at its maximum rate flow. In determining abandonments, a stripper well is one that produced less than 22.5 cubic feet in its last 12 months of production.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
stripper well property (petroleum): A property whose average daily production of crude oil per well (excluding condensate recovered in nonassociated natural gas production) did not exceed an average of 10 barrels per day during any preceding consecutive 12-month period beginning after December 31, 1972.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
stripper well: A well whose average daily production of crude oil (excluding condensate recovered in nonassociated natural gas production) did not exceed an average of 10 barrels per day during any preceding consecutive 12-month period beginning after December 31, 1972.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
subbituminous A coal: (See Subbituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
subbituminous B coal: (See Subbituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
subbituminous C coal: (See Subbituminous Coal.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
subbituminous coal +: A dull, black coal of intermediate rank between lignite and bituminous coal. Subbituminous coal, like bituminous coal, is used as a fuel.
OPI: EI-20,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0348/2*
subbituminous coal: A dull black coal of rank intermediate between lignite and bituminous, consisting of subbituminous A coal, subbituminous B coal, and subbituminous C coal, classified according to the following ASTM Specification D388-91a on a moist mineral-matter-free basis:
Calorific
Value
Limits
Btu/lb.
GE LT
Subbituminous A Coal 10500 11500
Subbituminous B Coal 9500 10500
Subbituminous C Coal 8300 9500
GE = Greater than or equal to
LT = Less than
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0314
subcompact/compact passenger car: A passenger car containing less than 109 cubic feet of interior passenger and luggage volume.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
subdivision: A prescribed portion of a given State or other geographical region.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0370*
submetered data: End-use consumption data obtained for individual appliances when a recording device has been attached to the appliance to measure the amount of energy consumed by the appliance. (See Metered Data.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
subsidiary company: A company that is controlled through the ownership of voting stock, or a corporate joint venture in which a corporation is owned by a small group of businesses as a separate and specific business or project for the mutual benefit of the members of the group. (See Control).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
subsidiary: An entity directly or indirectly controlled by a parent. A subsidiary is any corporation with more than 50% of its voting stock owned by another corporation.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-821, EIA-863
substation: Facility equipment that switches, changes, or regulates electric voltage.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
subtransmission: A set of transmission lines of voltages between transmission voltages and distribution voltages. Generally, lines in the voltage range of 69 kV to 138 kV.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
sulfur +: A nonmetallic element of lemon-yellow color, sometimes known as "brimstone."
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
sulfur: A yellowish nonmetallic element, sometimes known as "brimstone". Distillate fuel is currently reported according to its sulphur content (.e., 0.05% and under for use in on-highway diesel engines, and greater than 0.05% for off-highway vehicular use, home heating oil, and industrial and commerical use).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0208
summer and winter peaking: Having the annual peak demand reached both during the summer months (May through October) and during the winter months (November through April). (See Peak Demand, Summer Peaking, and Winter Peaking.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
summer peaking: Having the annual peak demand falling during the summer. A building is classified as summer peaking if its annual peak demand is reached during any of the months from May through October. (See Peak Demand.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
sunk cost: Part of the capital costs actually incurred up to the date of reserves estimation minus depreciation and amortization expenses. Items such as exploration costs, land acquisition costs, and costs of financing can be included.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
supplemental gas: Any gaseous substance introduced into or commingled with natural gas that increased the volume available for disposition. Such substances include, but are not limited to, propane-air, refinery gas, coke-oven gas, still gas, manufactured gas, biomass gas, or air or inerts added for Btu stabilization.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0314*
supplemental gaseous fuels supplies: Synthetic natural gas, propane-air, coke oven gas, refinery gas, biomass gas, air injected for Btu stabilization, and manufactured gas commingled and distributed with natural gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0167*, DOE/EIA-0538
supplemental security income (SSI): This program, administered by the Social Security Administration, makes assistance payments to low-income aged, blind, and disabled persons. Depending on the requirements set by each state, a person may receive (1) an SSI check, (2) a supplementary SSI check from the state or local welfare office, or (3) both a check from the Federal government and a supplementary check from the state or local welfare office. Most SSI recipients receive one monthly SSI check from the U.S. Government.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
supply (1): The components of petroleum supply are field production, refinery production, imports, and net receipts when calculated on a PAD District basis.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340
supply (2): Natural, synthetic, and supplemental gas produced within, introduced into, and/or received into facilities operated by a company within the state for disposition during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
supply source: May be a single completion, a single well, a single field with one or more reservoirs, several fields under a single gas-purchase contract, miscellaneous fields, a processing plant, or a field area; provided, however, that the geographic area encompassed by a single supply source may not be larger than the state in which the reserves are reported.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
support equipment and facilities: These include, but are not limited to, seismic equipment, drilling equipment, construction and grading equipment, vehicles, repair shops, warehouses, supply points, camps, and division, district, or field offices.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
supporting structure: The main supporting unit (usually a pole or tower) for transmission line conductors, insulators, and other auxiliary line equipment.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
surburban: Those parts of the MSA that are not designated as central city. Suburban areas are referred to as "outside central city." (See Central City.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
surface drilling expenses (uranium): These include drilling, drilling roads, site preparation, geological and other technical support, sampling, and drill-hole logging costs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
surface mine: A coal-producing mine that is usually within a few hundred feet of the surface. Earth above or around the coal (overburden) is removed to expose the coalbed, which is then mined with surface excavation equipment, such as draglines, power shovels, bulldozers, loaders, and augers. It may also be known as an area, contour, open-pit, strip, or auger mine.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0191
surface mining equipment: An auger machine is a large horizontal drill, generally 3 feet or more in diameter and up to about 100 feet long. It can remove coal at a rate of more than 25 tons per minute.
A bucket-wheel excavator is a continuous digging machine equipped with a broom on which is mounted a rotating wheel with buckets along its edge. The buckets scoop up material, then empty onto a conveyor leading to a spoil bank. It is best suited for removing overburden that does not require blasting. This excavator is not widely used in the United States.
A bulldozer is a tractor with a movable steel blade mounted on the front. It can be used to remove overburden that needs little or no blasting.
A carryall scraper (or pan scraper) is a self-
loading machine, usually self-propelled, with a scraper-like retractable bottom. It is used to excavate and haul overburden.
A continuous surface miner, used in some lignite mines, is equipped with crawlers, a rotating cutting head, and a conveyor. It travels over the bed, excavating a swath up to 13 feet wide and 2 feet deep.
A dragline excavator removes overburden to expose the coal by means of a scoop bucket that is suspended from a long boom. The dragline digs by pulling the bucket toward the machine by means of a wire rope.
A walking dragline is equipped with large outrigger platforms, or walking beams, instead of crawler tracks. It "walks" by the alternate movement of the walking beams.
A drilling rig is used to determine the amount and type of overburden overlying a coal deposit and the extent of the deposit, to delineate major geologic features, and to drill holes for explosives to fragment the overburden for easier removal.
A front-end loader is a tractor with a digging bucket mounted and operated on the front. It is often used to remove overburden in contour mining and to load coal.
An hydraulic shovel excavates and loads by means of a bucket attached to a rigid arm that is hinged to a broom.
A power shovel removes overburden and loads coal by means of a digging bucket mounted at the end of an arm suspended from a broom. The shovel digs by pushing the bucket forward and upward.
It does not dig below the level at which it stands.
A thin-seam miner resembles an auger machine but has a drum-type cutting head that cuts a rectangular cross section.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
surface mining methods: An auger mine recovers through the use of a large-diameter drill driven into a coalbed in the side of a surface mine pit. It usually follows contour surface mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to excavate.
//Area mining is practiced on relatively flat or gently rolling terrain and recovers coal by mining long strips successively; the material excavated from the strip being mined is deposited in the strip pit previously mined.
//Contour mining is practiced when the coal is mined on hillsides. The mining follows the contour of the hillside until the overburden becomes uneconomical to remove. This method creates a shelf, or bench, on the hillside. Several variations of contour mining have been developed to control environmental problems. These methods include slope reduction (overburden is spread so that the angle of the slope on the hillside is reduced), head-of-
hollow fill (overburden is placed in narrow V-
shaped valleys to control erosion), and block-
cut (overburden from current mining is backfilled into a previously mined cut).
//Explosives casting is a technique designed to blast up to 65 percent of the overburden into the mine pit for easier removal. It differs from conventional overburden blasting, which only fractures the overburden before it is removed by excavating equipment. Mountaintop mining, sometimes considered a variation of contour mining, refers to the mining of a coalbed that underlies the top of a mountain. The overburden, which is the mountaintop, is completely removed so that all of the coal can be recovered. The overburden material is later replaced in the mined-out area. This method leaves large plateaus of level land. Open-pit coal mining is essentially a combination of contour and area mining methods and is used to mine thick, steeply inclined coalbeds. The overburden is removed by power shovels and trucks.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
surface rights: Fee ownership in surface areas of land. Also used to describe a lessee's right to use as much of the surface of the land as may be reasonably necessary for the conduct of operations under the lease.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
surplus energy: Energy generated that is beyond the immediate needs of the producing system. This energy may be supplied by spinning reserve and sold on an interruptible basis.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
survey frame: The list of companies to which survey forms are sent.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
survey: An examination of an aggregate of units, usually human beings or economic or social institutions. Strictly speaking, "survey" should relate to the whole population under consideration and to material collected in considerable detail. However, it is often used to denote a sample survey, i.e., an examination of a sample made in order to draw conclusions about the whole.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: ISBN0-470-21349-3
suspended rates: New rates that have been accepted for review by a utility commission. When these rates are suspended, they do not go into effect for a designated period of time. Charges under the new rate may be refunded after the resolution of the rate proceeding.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
swamp cooler: (See Evaporative Cooler.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
swamp coolers (evaporative coolers): Air-conditioning equipment that removes heat by evaporating water. Evaporative cooling techniques are most commonly found in warm, dry climates such as in the Southwest, although they are found throughout the country. They usually work by spraying cool water into the air ducts, cooling the air as the spray evaporates.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
swimming pool heater: Optional heating equipment that heats the pool water to an acceptable level of comfort, usually 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
switch: (See Fuel-Switching Capability.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
switching station: Facility equipment used to tie together two or more electric circuits through switches. The switches are selectively arranged to permit a circuit to be disconnected or to change the electric connection between the circuits.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
synthetic natural gas (SNG): (Also referred to as substitute natural gas) A manufactured product, chemically similar in most respects to natural gas, resulting from the conversion or reforming of petroleum hydrocarbons that may easily be substituted for or interchanged with pipeline-quality natural gas.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0167*, DOE/EIA-0384*
synthetic or rubber roofing: A layer (either single or multiple) of heavy gauge plastic or rubber used for roofing.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318
system (electric): Physically connected generation, transmission, and distribution facilities operated as an integrated unit under one central management or operating supervision.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
system interconnection: A physical connection between two electric systems that permits the transfer of electric energy in either direction.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
system: An interconnected network of pipes, valves, meters, storage facilities, and auxiliary equipment used in the transportation, storage, and/or distribution of natural gas or commingled natural and supplemental gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
tailgate: The outlet of a natural gas processing plant where dry residue gas is delivered or redelivered for sale or transportation.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
tame (tertiary amyl methyl ether) (cH3)2(c2H5)cocH3: An oxygenate blend stock formed by the catalytic etherification of isoamylene with methanol.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0202*
tangible development costs: Costs incurred during the development stage for access, mineral-handling, and support facilities having a physical nature. In mining, such costs would include tracks, lighting equipment, ventilation equipment, other equipment installed in the mine to facilitate the extraction of minerals, and supporting facilities for housing and care of work forces. In the oil and gas industry, tangible development costs would include well equipment (such as casing, tubing, pumping equipment, and well heads), as well as field storage tanks and gathering systems.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
tank farm: An installation used by gathering and trunk pipeline companies, crude oil producers, and terminal operators (except refineries) to store crude oil.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
tanker and barge: Vessels that transport crude oil or petroleum products. Data are reported for movements between PAD Districts; from a PAD District to the Panama Canal; or from the Panama Canal to a PAD District.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340*
tar sands: Naturally occurring bitumen-impregnated sands that yield mixtures of liquid hydrocarbon and that require further processing other than mechanical blending before becoming finished petroleum products.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
tariff: A published volume of rate schedules and general terms and conditions under which a product or service will be supplied.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540
tax-cost: A deduction (allowance) under U.S. Federal income taxation normally calculated under a formula whereby the adjusted basis of the mineral property is multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of units of minerals sold during the tax year and the denominator of which is the estimated number of units of unextracted minerals remaining at the end of the tax year plus the number of units of minerals sold during the tax year. (See Depletion (1).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
tax-percentage (or statutory): A deduction (allowance) allowed to certain mineral producers under U.S. Federal income taxation calculated on the basis of a specified percentage of gross revenue from the sale of minerals from each mineral property not to exceed the lesser of 50 percent of the taxable income from the property computed without allowance for depletion. (There are also other limits on percentage depletion of oil and gas production.) The taxpayer is entitled to a deduction representing the amount of tax-cost depletion or percentage (statutory) depletion, whichever is higher. (See Depletion (1).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
tba (tertiary butyl alcohol) (cH3)3cOH: An alcohol primarily used as a chemical feedstock or a solvent or feedstock, for isobutylene production for MTBE and produced as a co-product of propylene oxide production or by direct hydration of isobutylene.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0202*
temperature: Estimates of the indoor temperature. If different sections of the house are kept at different temperatures, the temperature is for the part of the house being used. If the heat is turned off upstairs during the day because the family is downstairs, the downstairs temperature is used. If the temperature is unknown the thermostat setting is used.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
temporarily discharged fuel: Fuel that was irradiated in the previous fuel cycle (cycle N) and not in the following fuel cycle (cycle N+1) and that will be irradiate in a subsequent fuel cycle.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: RW-859
terawatthour (TWH): One trillion watt hours. (See Watt hour.)
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0436*, DOE/EIA-0531
term agreement: Any written or unwritten agreement between two parties in which one party agrees to supply a commodity on a continuing basis to a second party for a price or for other considerations.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
test well contribution: A payment made to the owner of an adjacent or nearby tract who has drilled an exploratory well on that tract in exchange for information obtained from the drilling effort. (See Bottom-
Hole Contribution and Dry-Hole Contribution.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
therm: One hundred thousand (100,000) Btu.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*
thermal cracking: A refining process in which heat and pressure are used to break down, rearrange, or combine hydrocarbon molecules. Thermal-cracking includes gas oil, visbreaking, fluid coking, delayed coking, and other thermal cracking processes (e.g., flexicoking). See individual categories.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*
thermal energy storage (TES) or pump storage: Temporary storage of energy for later use. Examples of thermal storage are the storage of solar energy for night heating, the storage of summer heat for winter use, the storage of winter ice for space cooling in the summer, and the storage of heat or coolness generated electrically during times when electricity is cheaper (off-peak hours) for later use when electricity rates are higher. There are four basic types of TES systems: ice storage; water storage; storage in a thermal mass such as soil, rock, or other solids; and storage in other materials such as glycol. The most commonly installed types of thermal energy storage systems in commercial buildings are those using ice or chilled water for cooling the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
thermal limit: The maximum amount of power a transmission line can carry without suffering heat-related deterioration of line equipment, particularly conductors.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
thermal storage (1): Storing heat for use at a later time. For example, ceramic bricks can be charged up to 1,200 degrees Fahrenheit in an 8-hour period and the heat released over the next 16 hours.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
thermal storage (2): (TES) or pump storage. Temporary storage of energy for later use. Examples of thermal storage are the storage of solar energy for night heating, the storage of summer heat for winter use, the storage of winter ice for space cooling in the summer, and the storage of heat or coolness generated electrically during times when electricity is cheaper (off-peak hours) for later use when electricity rates are higher. There are four basic types of TES systems: ice storage; water storage; storage in a thermal mass such as soil, rock, or other solids; and storage in other materials such as glycol. The most commonly installed types of thermal energy storage in commercial buildings are those using ice or chilled water for cooling the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
thermal: A term used to identify a type of electric generating station, capacity, capability, or output in which the source of energy for the prime mover is heat.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0455
thermosiphon system: A solar collector system for water heating in which circulation of the collection fluid through the storage loop is provided solely by the temperature and density difference between the hot and cold fluids.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0174
thermostat: A device that adjusts the amount of heating and cooling produced and/or distributed by automatically responding to the temperature in the environment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
third party transactions: Third party transactions are arms-length transactions between nonaffiliated firms. Producing country-to-company transactions are not considered to be third-party transactions.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
third-party DSM program sponsor: An energy service company (ESCO) which promotes a program sponsored by a manufacturer or distributor of energy products such as lighting or refrigeration whose goal is to encourage consumers to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy costs, change the time of usage, or promote the use of a different energy source. (See DSM Program Sponsor.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
three-party wheeling: An arrangement in which a utility transmits electricity for two other utilities that are not physically connected, where the transmitting utility neither buys nor sells the electricity.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
three-phase power: Power generated and transmitted from generator to load on three conductors.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
tidewater piers and coastal ports (method of transportation to consumers): Shipments of coal moved to Tidewater Piers and Coastal Ports for further shipments to consumers via coastal water or ocean.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-6
tie line: A transmission line connecting two or more power systems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
time clocks or timed switches: Time clocks are automatic controls, which turn lights off and on at predetermined times. (See Lighting Conservation Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
time-of-day lock-out or limit: A special electric rate feature under which electricity usage is prohibited or restricted to a reduced level at fixed times of the day in return for a reduction in the price per kilowatthour. (See Rate Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
time-of-day pricing: A special electric rate feature under which the price per kilowatthour depends on the time of day. (See Rate Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
time-of-day rate: The rate charged by an electric utility for service to various classes of customers. The rate reflects the different costs of providing the service at different times of the day.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0540
timing differences: Differences between the periods in which transactions affect taxable income and the periods in which they enter into the determination of pretax accounting income. Timing differences originate in one period and reverse or "turn around" in one or more subsequent periods. Some timing differences reduce income taxes that would otherwise be payable currently; others increase income taxes that would otherwise be payable currently. (See Permanent Differences.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*
tinted or reflective glass or shading films: Types of glass or a shading film applied to glass that, when installed on the exterior of a building, reduces the rates of solar penetration into the building. Includes Low E Glass.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
tipple: A central facility used in loading coal for transportation by rail or truck.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
tolling arrangement: Contract arrangement under which a raw material or intermediate product stream from one company is delivered to the production facility of another company in exchange for the equivalent volume of finished products and payment of a processing fee.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0202
toluene (C6H5CH3/sun): Colorless liquid of the aromatic group of petroleum hydrocarbons, made by the catalytic reforming of petroleum naphthas containing methyl cyclohexane. A high-octane gasoline-
blending agent, solvent, and chemical intermediate, and a base for TNT.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545*
total - (electricity): The sum of sales and revenue to the following sectors: residential, commercial, industrial, and other.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-826
total consumption: (See Energy Consumption, End-use.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035
total discoveries: The sum of extensions, new reservoir discoveries in old fields, and new field discoveries, that occurred during the report year.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
total energy: All energy consumed by end-users, including electricity but excluding the energy consumed at electric utilities to generate electricity. (In estimating energy expenditures, there are no fuel-associated expenditures for hydroelectric power, geothermal energy, solar power, or wind energy, and the quantifiable expenditures for process fuel and intermediate products are excluded.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0376
total gas in storage: The sum of base gas and working gas.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191
total liquid hydrocarbon reserves: The sum of crude oil and natural gas liquids reserves volumes.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0216
total operated basis: The total reserves or production associated with the wells operated by an individual operator. This is also commonly known as the "gross operated" or "8/8ths" basis.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-23, DOE/EIA-0216
total square footage: Square footage of floor space summed or aggregated over all buildings in a category (such as all office buildings in the United States). In the CBECS, aggregate square footage was estimated by multiplying each building's square footage by weight, then summing over all sample buildings of interest to represent nationwide totals. (See Floorspace and Weight.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
transfer capability: The overall capacity of interregional or international power lines, together with the associated electrical system facilities, to transfer power and energy from one electrical system to another.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
transfer price: The monetary value assigned to products, services, or rights conveyed or exchanged between related parties, including those occurring between units of a consolidated entity.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
transformer: An electrical device for changing the voltage of alternating current.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
transit bus: A bus designed for frequent-stop service. Includes school and other commuter buses.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
transmission circuit: A conductor used to transport electricity from generating stations to load.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
transmission line: A set of conductors, insulators, supporting structures, and associated equipment used to move large quantities of power at high voltage, usually over long distances between a generating or receiving point and major substations or delivery points.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
transmission network: A system of transmission or distribution lines so cross-connected and operated as to permit multiple power supply to any principal point.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
transmission system (electric): An interconnected group of electric transmission lines and associated equipment for moving or transferring electric energy in bulk between points of supply and points at which it is transformed for delivery over the distribution system lines to consumers or is delivered to other electric systems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
transmission type: The transmission is the part of a vehicle that transmits motive force from the engine to the wheels, usually by means of gears for different speeds using either a hydraulic "torque-
converter" (automatic) or clutch assembly (manual). On front-wheel drive cars, the transmission is often called a "transaxle." Fuel efficiency is usually higher with manual rather than automatic transmissions, although modern, computer-controlled automatic transmissions can be efficient.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
transmission: The movement or transfer of electric energy over an interconnected group of lines and associated equipment between points of supply and points at which it is transformed for delivery to consumers or is delivered to other electric systems. Transmission is considered to end when the energy is transformed for distribution to the consumer.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
transport: Movement of natural, synthetic, and/or supplemental gas between points beyond the immediate vicinity of the field or plant from which produced except (1) for movements through well or field lines to a central point for delivery to a pipeline or processing plant within the same state or (2) movements from a citygate point of receipt to consumers through distribution mains.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
transportation agreement: Any contractual agreement for the transportation of natural and/or supplemental gas between points for a fee.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
transportation energy expenditures: (See Vehicle Fuel Expenditures and Combined Household Energy Expenditures.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
transportation sector: Private and public vehicles that move people and commodities. Included are automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, railroads and railways (including streetcars), aircraft, ships, barges, and natural gas pipelines. The SIC codes used to classify establishments as belonging to the transportation sector are 40 through 49.
OPI: EI-20,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0469*
transportation: Photovoltaic modules/cells used on boats, cars, and recreational vehicles; and those used for transportation support systems, such as signs, illumination, warning signals, etc.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
transported gas: Natural gas physically delivered to a building by a local utility, but not not purchased from that utility. A separate transaction is made to purchase the volume of gas and the utility is paid for the use of its pipeline to deliver the gas. Also called "Direct-Purchase Gas," "Spot Market Gas," "Spot Gas," "Gas for the Account of Others", and "Self-Help Gas."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
transporter: The party or parties, other than buyer or seller, owning the facilities by which gas or LNG is physically transferred between buyer and seller.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FPC-14
transshipment: A method of ocean transportation whereby ships off-load their oil cargo to a deepwater terminal, floating storage facility, temporary storage, or to one or more smaller tankers from which or in which the oil is then transported to a market destination.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-856
treating plant: A plant designed primarily to remove undesirable impurities from natural gas to render the gas marketable.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
trillion btu: Equivalent to 1,000,000,000,000 or 10 to the 12th power Btu. (See Btu.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
triple pane: Three panes of glass, usually parallel, with air spaces between each pair of panes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
trough: High-temperature (180+) concentrator with one axis-tracking.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63A
tuneup of main heating equipment: A cleaning or maintenance check of the main space-heating equipment.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
turbine: A machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy of a stream of fluid (such as water, steam, or hot gas). Turbines convert the kinetic energy of fluids to mechanical energy through the principles of impulse and reaction, or a mixture of the two.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2
two-party wheeling: An arrangement between two utilities in which one utility agrees to transmit electricity owned by the other.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
type of drive: Refers to which wheels the engine power is delivered to, the so-called "drive wheels." Rear-wheel drive has drive wheels on the rear of the vehicle. Front-wheel drive, a newer technology, has drive wheels on the front of the vehicle. Four-wheel drive uses all four wheels as drive wheels and is found mostly on Jeep-like vehicles and trucks, though it is becoming increasingly more common on station wagons and vans.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464
type of fuel systems: (See Carburetor, Fuel Injection and Diesel Fuel Systems.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
type of primary service: The dominant type of service at a service station. Categories include full-service pumps, "self- or mini-service pumps" or "both equally." Mini service is when attendants pump the vehicle fuel but do not provide any other service, such as checking the tire pressure or washing windshields.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
type of vehicle fuel purchased: The predominant type of fuel purchased during the year. Data categories are leaded and unleaded gasoline, diesel motor fuel and "other", which includes propane and gasohol. (See Gasoline, Gasohol, Unleaded Gasoline, Leaded Gasoline, Regular Grade Gasoline, Intermediate Grade Gasoline, and Premium Grade Gasoline.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
ultimate consumer: A consumer that purchases electricity for its own use and not for resale.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
unaccounted for crude oil: Represents the arithmetic difference between the calculated supply and the calculated disposition of crude oil. The calculated supply is the sum of crude oil production plus imports minus changes in crude oil stocks. The calculated disposition of crude oil is the sum of crude oil input to refineries, crude oil exports, crude oil burned as fuel, and crude oil losses.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109
unaccounted for: Represents differences between the sum of the components of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gas disposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperatures and pressure bases and converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in company accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle and calendar-
period time frames; and imbalances resulting from the merger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
unaccounted-for natural gas: Quantities lost, the net result of flow data metered at varying temperature and pressure conditions and converted to a standard temperatuare and pressure base; metering inaccuracies; diferences between the billing cycle and calendar period time-frames; the effect of variations in company accounting and billing practices; and imbalances from the merger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
uncompleted wells, equipment, and facilities costs: The costs incurred to (1) drill and equip wells that are not yet completed, and (2) acquire or construct equipment and facilities that are not yet completed and installed.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
unconsolidated entity: A firm directly or indirectly controlled by a parent but not consolidated with the parent for purposes of financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. An unconsolidated entity includes any firm consolidated with the unconsolidated entity for purposes of financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles historically and consistently applied. An individual shall be deemed to control a firm that is directly or indirectly controlled by him or by his father, mother, spouse, children, or grandchildren.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-182
underground gas storage reservior capacity: Interstate company reservoir capacities are those certificated by FERC. Independent producer and intrastate company reservior capacities are reported as developed capacity.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130
underground mine: A mine where coal is produced by tunneling into the earth to the coalbed, which is then mined with underground mining equipment such as cutting machines and continuous, longwall, and shortwall mining machines. Underground mines are classified according to the type of opening used to reach the coal, i.e., drift (level tunnel), slope (inclined tunnel), or shaft (vertical tunnel).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0191
underground mining equipment: A coal-cutting machine is used in conventional mining to undercut, topcut, or shear the coal face so that coal can be fractured easily when blasted. It cuts 9 to 13 feet into the bed. Continuous auger machine is used in mining coalbeds less than 3 feet thick. The auger has a cutting depth of about 5 feet and is 20 to 28 inches in diameter. Continuous auger mining usually uses a conveyor belt to haul the coal to the surface. Continuous mining machine, used during continuous mining, cuts or rips coal from the face and loads it into shuttle cars or conveyors in one operation. It eliminates the use of blasting devices and performs many functions of other equipment such as drills, cutting machines, and loaders. A continuous mining machine typically has a turning "drum" with sharp bits that cut and dig out the coal for 16 to 22 feet before mining stops so that the mined area can be supported with roof bolts. This machine can mine coal at the rate of 8 to 15 tons per minute. Conveyor systems of two types. A mainline conveyor is usually a permanent installation that carries coal to the surface. A section conveyor connects the working face to the mainline conveyor. Face drill is used in conventional mining to drill shotholes in the coalbed for explosive charges. Loading machine is used in conventional mining to scoop broken coal from the working area and load it into a shuttle car, which hauls the coal to mine cars or conveyors for delivery to the surface. Longwall mining machine shears coal from a long straight coal face (up to about 700 feet) by working back and forth across the face under a movable, hydraulic-jack roof-support system. The broken coal is transported by converyor. Longwall machines can mine coal at the rate of 1,000 tons per shift. Mine locomotive, operating on tracks, is used to haul mine cars containing coal and other material, and to move personnel in specially designed "mantrip" cars. Large locomotives can haul more than 20 tons at a speed of about 10 miles per hour. Most mine locomotives run on electricity provided by a trolley wire; some are battery-
powered. Ram car or shuttle ram is a rubber-
tired haulage vehicle that is unloaded through the use of a movable steel plate located at the back of the haulage bed. Roof-bolting machine, or roof bolter, is used to drill holes and place bolts to support the mine roof. Roof bolting units can be installed on a continuous mining machine. Scoop is a rubber-tired haulage vehicle used in thin coalbeds. Shortwall mining machine generally is a continuous-mining machine used with a powered, self-advancing roof support system. It shears coal from a short coal face (up to about 150 feet long). The broken coal is hauled by shuttle cars to a conveyor belt. Shuttle car is a rubber-tired haulage vehicle
that is unloaded by a built-in conveyor.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
underground mining methods: A drift mine is driven horizontally into coal that is exposed or accessible in a hillside. In a hydraulic mine, high-pressure water jets break the coal from a steeply inclined, thick coalbed that would be difficult to mine with the usual underground methods. The coal is then transported to the surface by a system of flumes or by pipeline. Although currently not in commercial use in the United States, hydraulic mining is used in western Canada.
A punch mine is a type of small drift mine used to recover coal from strip-mine highwalls or from small, otherwise uneconomical, coal deposits. A shaft mine is driven vertically to the coal deposit. A slope mine is driven at an angle to reach the coal deposit.
In a room-and-pillar mining system, the most common method, the mine roof, is supported mainly by coal pillars left at regular intervals. Rooms are places where the coal is mined; pillars are areas of coal left between the rooms. Room-and-pillar mining is done either by 1) conventional mining, which involves a series of operations that require cutting the working face of the coalbed so that it breaks easily when blasted with explosives or high-pressure air, and then loading the broken coal or 2) continuous mining, in which a continuous mining machine extracts and removes coal from the working face in one operation. When a section of a mine has been fully developed, additional coal is extracted by mining the supportive pillars until the roof caves in; the procedure is called room-and-
pillar retreat mining.
In a longwall mining system, long sections of coal, up to about 700 feet, are removed and no pillars are left to support the mined-out areas. The working area is protected by a movable, powered roof support system. The caved area (gob) compacts and, after initial subsidence, supports the overlying strata. Longwall mining is used where the coalbed is thick and generally flat, where surface subsidence is acceptable.
A shortwall mining system generally refers to the room-and-pillar mining in which the working face is wider than usual but smaller (less than 150 feet) than that in longwall mining.
Roof support and mine ventilation are paramount in all underground mining operations. Roof bolting is the principal method of supporting the mine roof. In roof bolting, long bolts, 2 to 10 feet long with an expansion shell or with resin grouting are placed in the mine roof. The bolts reinforce the roof by
pulling together rock strata to make a strong beam or by fastening weak strata to strong strata.
Mine ventilation, accomplished with fans, is essential to supply fresh air and to remove gases and dust from the mine. To reduce the possibility of coal dust explosions, rock dust is sprayed in an underground coal mine. Rock dust is a very fine noncombustible material (pulverized limestone).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0064
underground storage injections: Gas from extraneous sources put into underground storage reservoirs.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538
underground storage withdrawals: Gas removed from underground storage reservoirs.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538
underground storage: The storage of natural gas in underground reservoirs at a different location from which it was produced.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0167*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0538
undeveloped property: Refers to a mineral property on which development wells or mines have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of mineral reserves.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206
undifferentiated/unspecified reserves and production: Reserves and production that are not separable by FERC production areas or by states. Undifferentiated and unspecified reserves consist only of company-owned gas in underground storage.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0167
undiscovered recoverable reserves (crude oil and natural gas): Those economic resources of crude oil and natural gas, yet undiscovered, that are estimated to exist in favorable geologic settings.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0545
unemployment compensation: Money received from government unemployment insurance agencies or private companies during periods of unemployment. Includes strike benefits received from union funds.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
unfilled requirements: Requirements not covered by usage of inventory or supply contracts in existence as of January 1 of the survey year.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477, DOE/EIA-0478
unfinished oil: All oils, both domestic and imported, requiring further refining, except those requiring only mechanical blending.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-14
unfinished oils (1): Includes all oils requiring further processing, except those requiring only mechanical blending. In most cases, these are produced by partial refining or purchased in an unfinished state for conversion to finished products by further refining.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
unfinished oils (2): Includes all oils requiring further processing, except those requiring only mechanical blending. Includes naphthas and lighter oils, kerosene and light gas oils, heavy gas oils, and residuum. (See individual categories.)
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
unfractionated streams: Mixtures of unsegregated natural gas liquid components, excluding those in plant condensate. This product is extracted from natural gas.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
uniform system of accounts: Prescribed financial rules and regulations established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission for utilities subject to its jurisdiction under the authority granted by the Federal Power Act.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
unit price: Total revenue derived from the sale of product during the reference month divided by the total volume sold; also known as the weighted average price. Total revenue should exclude all taxes but include transportation costs that were paid as part of the purchase price.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
unit value, consumption: Total price per specified unit, including all taxes, at the point of consumption.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
unit value, wellhead: The wellhead sales price, including charges for natural gas plant liquids subsequently removed from the gas; gathering and compression charges; and state production, severance, and/or similar charges.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0131
united states (1): The 50 states and the District of Columbia.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0535, DOE/EIA-0538*
united states (2): The 50 states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands.
OPI: EI-40,EI-50
Sources: EIA-782C, EIA-886, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0487*
unleaded gasoline: Contains not more than 0.05 gram of lead per gallon and not more than 0.005 gram of phosphorus per gallon. Premium regular and intermediate grades are included, depending on the octane rating. (See Gasoline and Octane.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464*
unleaded midgrade gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R+M/2) greater than or equal to 88, and less than or equal to 90, and containing not more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0487
unleaded premium gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R+M/2) greater than 90 and containing not more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0487
unleaded regular gasoline: Gasoline having an antiknock index (R+M/2) greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88, and containing not more than 0.05 grams of lead or 0.005 grams of phosphorus per gallon.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, DOE/EIA-0487
unprocessed gas: Natural gas that has not gone through a processing plant.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
unscheduled outage service: Power received by a system from another system to replace power from a generating unit forced out of service.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
upper quartile: The 75th percentile of a data set.
OPI: EI-70
Sources:
uranium (U): A heavy, naturally radioactive, metallic element (atomic number 92). Its two principally occurring isotopes are uranium-235 and uranium-
238. Uranium-235 is indispensable to the nuclear industry because it is the only isotope existing in nature, to any appreciable extent, that is fissionable by thermal neutrons. Uranium-238 is also important because it absorbs neutrons to produce a radioactive isotope that subsequently decays to the isotope plutonium-
239, which also is fissionable by thermal neutrons.
OPI: EI-20,EI-50, EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0436, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0477, DOE/EIA-0478
uranium concentrate: A yellow or brown powder produced from naturally occurring uranium minerals as a result of milling uranium ore or processing uranium-
bearing solutions. Synonymous with "yellowcake", U3O8, or uranium oxide.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
uranium deposit: A discrete concentration of uranium mineralization that is of possible economic interest.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
uranium endowment: The uranium that is estimated to occur in rock with a grade of at least 0.01 percent U3O8. The estimate of the uranium endowment is made before consideration of economic availability of any associated uranium resources.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
uranium exploration, land held for: Types of land holdings and acquisitions include fee land, mineral fee, leases, patented and unpatented claims, and options to purchase mineral fee. Excludes land acquired or held for production of uranium from known commercial uranium deposits.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
uranium hexaflouride (UF6.): A white solid obtained by chemical treatment of U3O8 and which forms a vapor at temperatures above 56 degrees Centigrade. UF6 is the form of uranium required for the enrichment process.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477, DOE/EIA-0478
uranium importation: The actual physical movement of uranium from a location outside the United States to a location inside the United States.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
uranium ore: Rock containing uranium mineralization in concentrations that can be mined economically, typically one to four pounds of U3O8 per ton or 0.05 percent to 0.2 percent U3O8.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0478
uranium oxide: Uranium concentrate or yellowcake. Abbreviated as U3O8
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0206*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0477*, DOE/EIA-0478
uranium property: A specific piece of land with uranium reserves that is held for the ultimate purpose of economically recovering the uranium. The land can be developed for production or undeveloped.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858, DOE/EIA-0478
uranium reserves: Estimated quantities of uranium in known mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that the uranium could be recovered at or below a specified production cost with currently proven mining and processing technology and under current law and regulations. Reserves are based on direct radiometric and chemical measurements of drill holes and other types of sampling of the deposits. Mineral grades and thickness, spatial relationships, depths below the surface, mining and reclamation methods, distances to milling facilities, and amenability of ores to processing are considered in the evaluation. The amount of uranium in ore that could be exploited within the chosen forward-
cost levels are estimated in accordance with conventional engineering practices.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-858
uranium resource categories +: Three classes of uranium resources, reflecting different levels of confidence in the quantities reported.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0477
uranium resource categories: Three categories of uranium resources are used to reflect different levels of confidence in the categories reported. Reasonably assured resources (RAR), estimated additional resources (EAR), and speculative resources (SR) are described below.
- Reasonably assured resources (RAR): The uranium that occurs in known mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could be recovered within the given production cost ranges, with currently proven mining and processing technology. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on specific sample data and measurements of the deposits and on knowledge of deposit characteristics. RAR correspond to DOE's uranium reserves category.
- Estimated additional resources (EAR): The uranium in addition to RAR that is expected to occur, mostly on the basis of direct geological evidence, in extensions of well- explored deposits, little-explored deposits, and undiscovered deposits believed to exist along well-defined geological trends with known deposits, such that the uranium can subsequently be recovered within the given cost ranges. Estimates of tonnage and grade are based on available sampling data and on knowledge of the deposit characteristics, as determined in the best-known parts of the deposit or in similar deposits. EAR correspond to DOE's probable potential resources category.
- Speculative Resources (SR): Uranium in addition to EAR that is thought to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations, in deposits discoverable with existing exploration techniques. The locations of deposits in this category can generally be specified only as being somewhere within given regions or geological trends. The estimates in this category are less reliable than estimates of RAR and EAR. The category of SR corresponds to DOE's possible potential resources and speculative potential resources categories combined.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
uranium resources: Uranium resource estimates are divided into three separate categories reflecting different levels of confidence in the quantities estimated: reasonably assured resources, estimated additional resources, and speculative resources. Reasonably assured resources refers to uranium in known mineral deposits of such size, grade, and configuration that it could be recovered within the given cost ranges, with currently proven mining and processing technology. Estimated additional resources refers to uranium in addition to reasonably assured resources that is expected, mostly on the basis of direct geological evidence, to occur in extensions of well-explored deposits and in deposits in which geological continuity has been well established, as well as in deposits believed to exist in well-defined geologic trends or areas of mineralization with known deposits. Deposits in this category can be discovered and delineated and uranium subsequently recovered, all within the given cost range. Speculative resources refers to uranium in addition to estimated additional resources that is thought to exist, mostly on the basis of indirect evidence and geological extrapolations.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
usage requiring special ventilation equipment: See Rooms with Special Ventilation
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
useage agreement: Contracts held by enrichment customers that allow feed material to be stored at the enrichment plant site in advance of need.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
used and useful: A concept used by regulators to determine whether an asset should be included in the utility's rate base. This concept requires that an asset currently provide or be capable of providing a needed service to customers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
used most (applies to fuels): Used more days in the year. When two or more fuels are used for the same purpose (such as to heat water or heat a swimming pool), the fuel used on more days is the one "used most." When the household uses more than one refrigerator, freezer, window/wall air-conditioning unit, or motor vehicle, the one used on more days is the one "used most." If a decision cannot be made on the basis of days used, choose the one used more intensely.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
useful thermal output: The thermal energy made available for use in any industrial or commercial process or used in any heating or cooling application, i.e., total thermal energy made available for processes and applications other than electrical generation.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2
usually fueled: A fleet vehicle is fueled at a particular location at least 75 percent of the time.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-176
utility (electric): Privately owned companies and public agencies engaged in the generation, transmission, or distribution of electric power for public use. Public agencies include municipal electric utilities, Federal power projects, rural electrification, cooperatives, power districts, and state power authorities and projects.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
utility demand-side management costs: The costs incurred by the utility to achieve the capacity and energy savings from the Demand-Side Management Program. Costs incurred by consumers or third parties are to be excluded. The costs are to be reported in nominal dollars in the year in which they are incurred, regardless of when the savings occur. The utility costs are all the annual expenses (labor, administrative, equipment, incentives, marketing, monitoring and evaluation, and other) incurred by the utility for operation of the DSM Program, regardless of whether the costs are expensed or capitalized. Lump-sum capital costs (typically accrued over several years prior to start up) are not to be reported. Program costs associated with strategic load growth activities are also to be excluded.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861
utility generation: Generation by electric systems engaged in selling electric energy to the public.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531
utility-sponsored DSM program: For CBECS, this is any DSM program sponsored by an electric and/or natural gas utility to review equipment and construction features in buildings and advise on ways, among other things, to increase the energy efficiency of buildings; such as, programs to encourage the use of more energy-efficient equipment. Also included were programs to improve the energy efficiency in the lighting system or building equipment, or the thermal efficiency of the building shell. (See DSM Program Sponsor.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
utility-sponsored conservation program: Any program sponsored by an electric and/or natural gas utility to review equipment and construction features in buildings and advise on ways to increase the energy efficiency of buildings. Also included are utility-sponsored programs to encourage the use of more energy-
efficient equipment. Included are programs to improve the energy efficiency in the lighting system or building equipment or the thermal efficiency of the building shell.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
utility: Photovoltaic modules/cells used to produce power at a utility-owned system, including central stations, decentralized systems or experimental applications.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
vacant housing unit: A housing unit not occupied. An occupied seasonal housing unit is classified as vacant if all of its occupants have a usual place of residence elsewhere.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
vacant: As a principal building activity, the designation for a building in which most of the floor space is not occupied by any tenant or establishment. A vacant building may contain occupants who are using up to 50 percent of the floor space. (See Principal Building Activity.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318*
vacuum distillation: Distillation under reduced pressure (less the atmospheric), which lowers the boiling temperature of the liquid being distilled. This technique with its relatively low temperatures prevents cracking or decomposition of the charge stock.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
value (of shipments): The value received for the complete systems at the company's net billing price, freight-on- board factory, including charges for cooperative advertising and warranties. This does not include excise taxes, freight or transportation charges, or installation charges.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
value added by manufacture: A measure of manufacturing activity that is derived by subtracting the cost of materials (which covers materials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity, and contract work) from the value of shipments. This difference is then adjusted by the net change in finished goods and work-in-progress between the beginning and end-of-year inventories.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0214
van: Includes large vans. Exceptions are: (1) Volkswagen vans are categorized as minivans, and (2) all other pre-1983 vans were categorized as vans.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0464*
variable air volume (VAV) system on the heating and cooling system: A means of varying the amount of conditioned air to a space. A variable air volume system maintains the air flow at a constant temperature, but supplies varying quantities of conditioned air in different parts of the building according to the heating and cooling needs.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
variable fuel vehicle: See Flexible Fuel Vehicle.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
variance: A measure of the variability of a set of observations that are subject to some chance variation; equal to the expected squared difference between a single observation and the average of all possible observations obtained in the same manner. The variance is the square of the standard error of estimates. For statistics presented in CBECS, the variance indicates the likely difference between the value computed from the CBECS sample and the average of the values that could have been computed from all possible samples that might have been obtained by the same sample selection process.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
vehicle acquisition: The number of vehicles a household acquires or obtains during the year. The average number of vehicles in the stock is computed using these data.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vehicle fuel consumption: Vehicle fuel consumption is computed as the vehicle miles traveled divided by the fuel efficiency reported in MPGs. Vehicle fuel consumption is derived from the actual vehicle mileage collected and the assigned MPGs obtained from EPA certification files adjusted for on-
road driving. The quantity of fuel used by vehicles.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vehicle fuel efficiencies: (See Miles Per Gallon (MPG).)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vehicle fuel expenditures: The cost, including taxes, of the gasoline, gasohol, or diesel fuel added to the vehicle's tank. Expenditures do not include the cost of oil or other items that may have been purchased at the same time as the vehicle fuel.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vehicle identification number (VIN): A set of codes, usually alphanumeric characters, assigned to a vehicle at the factory and inscribed on the vehicle. When decoded, the VIN provides vehicle characteristics. The VIN is used to help match vehicles to the EPA certification file for calculating MPGs. (See Environmental Protection Agency Certification Files.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vehicle importer: An Original Vehicle Manufacturer (of foreign or domestic ownership) that imports vehicles as finished products into the United States.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-886
vehicle miles traveled (VMT): The number of miles traveled nationally by vehicles for a period of 1 year. VMT is either calculated using 2 odometer readings or, for vehicles with less than 2 odometer readings, imputed using a regression estimate. (See Average Vehicle Miles Traveled.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vehicle stock: The number of vehicles owned or used by a household for personal transportation. A vehicle is defined in terms of a "Vehicle Year." If a vehicle is present in a household for the entire year, it counted as one vehicle. If a vehicle is present in a household for one-half of the year, it is counted as only one-half of a vehicle. Therefore, the number of vehicles a sample household was considered as having during the year was computed as the days of possession summed over all vehicles in the household, divided by days in a year. (See Vehicles.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vehicle used on the job: A vehicle used by anyone in the household for job-related activities, excluding commuting to and from work. (See Vehicles.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*
vehicles: Motorized vehicles used by U.S. households for personal transportation. Excluded are motorcycles, mopeds, large trucks, and buses. Included are automobiles, station wagons, passenger vans, cargo vans, motor homes, pickup trucks, and jeeps or similar vehicles. To be included, vehicles must be: (1) owned by members of the household, or (2) company cars not owned by household members but regularly available to household members for their personal use and ordinarily kept at home, or (3) rented or leased for 1 month or more.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0464*
vented natural gas: Gas released into the air on the base site or at processing plants.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
vented/flared: The release (venting) or burning (flaring) of associated gas as a means of disposal.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
vented: Gas released into the air on the base site or at processing plants.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131
vessel +: Tankers used to transport crude oil and petroleum products. Vessel categories are as follows: Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC), Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC), Other Tanker, and Specialty Ships (LPG/LNG).
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384
vessel bunkering: Includes sales for the fueling of commercial or private boats, such as pleasure craft, fishing boats, tugboats, and ocean-going vessels, including vessels operated by oil companies. Excluded are volumes sold to the U.S. Armed Forces.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0535
vessel: The following vessel categories have been established:
- Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC). A crude oil carrying ship exceeding 320,000 deadweight tons.
- Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC). A crude oil carrying ship of between 160,001 and 320,000 deadweight tons.
- Other Tanker. A crude oil carying ship of between 25,000 and 160,000 deadweight tons.
- Specialty Ships (LPG/LNG). A ship designed specifically to carry liquefied gases.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
vin (vehicle identification number): A set of about 17 codes, combining letters and numbers, assigned to a vehicle at the factory and inscribed on a small metal label attached to the dashboard and visible through the windshield. The VIN is a unique identifier for the vehicle and therefore is often found on insurance cards, vehicle registrations, vehicle titles, safety or emission certificates, insurance policies, and bills of sale. The coded information in the VIN describes characteristics of the vehicle such as engine size and weight.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
vin: (See Vehicle Identification Number.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
vintage: The year of origin or age. For the CBECS, the year of construction for the building, as in "building vintage."
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
visbreaking: A thermal cracking process in which heavy atmospheric or vacuum-still bottoms are cracked at moderate temperatures to increase production of distillate products and reduce viscosity of the distillation residues.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*
vmt: (See Vehicle Miles Traveled.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0464
volatile matter: Those products, exclusive of moisture, given off by a material as gas or vapor. Volatile matter is determined by heating the coal to 950 degrees Centigrade under carefully controlled conditions and meauring the weight loss, excluding weight of moisture driven off at 105 degrees Centigrade.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0118
volt: The unit of measurement of voltage, electrical force, or pressure. The electrical force that, if steadily applied to a circuit with a resistance of 1 ohm, will produce a current of 1 ampere.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0531
voltage reduction: Any intentional reduction of system voltage by 3 percent or greater for reasons of maintaining the continuity of service of the bulk electric power supply system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2
voltage: The difference in electrical potential between any two conductors or between a conductor and ground. It is a measure of the electric energy per electron that electrons can acquire and/or give up as they move between the two conductors.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
wages and salaries: Income from wages and salaries is the total amount of money earned by a person working as an employee for a private or government employer or an incorporated business.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
walk-in refrigeration units: Refrigeration/freezer units within a building that are large enough to walk into. They may be portable or permanent, such as a meat storage locker in a butcher store. Walk-in units may or may not have a door, plastic strips, or other flexible covers.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
wall insulation: Insulating materials within or on the walls between heated areas of the building and unheated areas or the outside. The walls may separate air-conditioned areas from areas not air-conditioned.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*
warm-air furnace: (See Furnace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
warranty contracts: Gas purchase agreements for the sale of natural gas by a producer to a pipeline company wherein the producer warrants it will have available sufficient gas supplies to meet its commitments over the life of the contract. Generally, the producer does not dedicate gas reserves underlying any specific acreage, lease, or fields to the agreement. Substitution of various sources of gas supply may be permitted according to the terms of the contract. Warranty contracts, by their terms, may vary from the above.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167
waste heat boiler: A boiler that receives all or a substantial portion of its energy input from the combustible exhaust gases for a separate fuel-burning process.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
waste incineration to produce energy: The use of a special boiler that requires custom engineering and installation to burn garbage or other waste materials for heat.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
waste materials: Otherwise discarded combustible materials that, when burned, produce energy for such purposes as space heating and electric power generation. The size of the waste may be reduced by shredders, grinders, or hammermills. Noncombustible materials, if any, may be removed. The waste may be dried and then burned, either alone or in combination with fossil fuels.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515
waste oils and tar: Petroleum-based materials that are worthless for any purpose other than fuel use.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515
waste-heat recovery: Any conservation system whereby some space heating or water heating is done by actively capturing byproduct heat that would otherwise be ejected into the environment. In commercial buildings, sources of water- heat recovery include refrigeration/air-conditioner compressors, manufacturing or other processes, data processing centers, lighting fixtures, ventilation exhaust air, and the occupants themselves. Not to be considered is the passive use of radiant heat from lighting, workers, motors, ovens, etc., when there are no special systems for collecting and redistributing heat.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
wasting (non-regenerative) natural resources: Naturally occurring substances that are classified as minerals, are present in or on the earth's surface, and are extracted therefrom by man, but are not susceptible to man's attempts to replace them in their original state or in a similar state (although they, in a sense, may be replaced by nature over the long term).
By that definition, these resources include, but are not limited to: (1) crude oil and natural gas; (2) metals, such as copper, gold, iron, nickel, platinum, silver, tin, titanium, tungsten, uranium, and zinc; (3) coal; (4) salt; (5) sulfur; and (6) gravel, sand, and stone.
The natural resources excluded by this definition, because they are susceptible to attempts to replace them in their original state or in a similar state (being characteristically replaced by nature as well), are those that provide the basis for products normally associated with the industries of forestry, fishing, agriculture, and animal husbandry.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
water bed heater: An appliance that uses an electric resistance coil to maintain the temperature of the water in a water bed at a comfortable level.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
water conditions: The status of the water supply and associated water in pondage and reservoirs at hydroelectric plants.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455
water heated in furnace: Some furnaces provide hot water as well as heat the home. The water is heated by a coil that is part of the furnace. There is no separate hot water tank.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
water heater blanket: (See Insulation Around Water Heater.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
water heater size: Three categories are provided, which are described by a range of gallon sizes: Small (30 gallons or less), Medium (31 to 49 gallons), Large (50 gallons or more). (See Water Heated in Furnace.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
water heater: An automatically controlled, thermally insulated vessel designed for heating water and storing heated water at temperatures less than 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
water heating fuel: The fuel used to heat bath and wash water. The hot water may be available anywhere in the same building as the living quarters--in a hallway, in a room used by several units in the building, in the basement, or in an enclosed porch--provided the household has access to it.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314
water heating: Examples of demand side management (DSM) programs that may be offered for water heating include water heater blankets, retrofitting with booster heaters, and retrofits that reduce hot water circulation.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
water pollution abatement equipment: Equipment used to reduce or eliminate waterborne pollutants, including chlorine, phosphates, acids, bases, hydrocarbons, sewage, and other pollutants. Examples of water pollution abatement structures and equipment include those used to treat thermal pollution; cooling, boiler, and cooling tower blowdown water; coal pile runoff; and fly ash waste water. Water pollution abatement excludes expenditures for treatment of water prior to use at the plant.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
water pumping: Photovoltaic modules/cells used for pumping water for agricultural, land reclamation, commercial, and other similar applications where water pumping is the main use.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: CE-63B
water well: A well drilled to (1) obtain a water supply to support drilling or plant operations, or (2) obtain a water supply to be used in connection with an improved recovery program. Water wells of the first type are not reported. Water wells drilled in connection with an improved recovery program are reported as service wells.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
water-heating DSM programs: These are DSM programs deseigned to promote increased efficiency in water heating, including water-heater insulation wraps. (See DSM Programs.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
water-heating equipment: Automatically controlled, thermal insulated equipment designed for heating and storing heated water at temperatures less than 180 degrees Fahrenheit for other than space heating purposes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
waterway: A river, channel, canal, or other navigable body of water used for travel or transport.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531
watt(W): The unit of electrical power equal to one ampere (amp) under a pressure of one volt. Equal to 1/746 horsepower.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
watt: The electrical unit of power. The rate of energy transfer equivalent to 1 ampere flowing under a pressure of 1 volt at unity power factor.
OPI: EI-20,EI-50
Sources: EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
watthour (Wh): The electrical energy unit of measure equal to 1 watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an electric circuit steadily for 1 hour.
OPI: EI-20,EI-50, EI-80
Sources: EIA-457A/H, EIA-867, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0174, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0469*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2
wax: A solid or semi-solid material derived from petroleum distillates or residues by such treatments as chilling, precipitating with a solvent, or de-oiling. It is a light-colored, more-or-less translucent crystalline mass, slightly greasy to the touch, consisting of a mixture of solid hydrocarbons in which the paraffin series predominates. Includes all marketable wax, whether crude scale or fully refined. The three grades included are microcrystalline, crystalline-fully refined, and crystalline-other. The conversion factor is 280 pounds per 42 U.S. gallons per barrel.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*
weather stripping or caulking: A building shell conservation feature that includes any material placed between the door or window and the door frame or window frame to reduce the rate of loss of heat or cold caused by air infiltration. (See Building Shell Conservation Feature.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
weather stripping: Any of several kinds of crack-filling material around any windows or doors to the outside used to reduce the passage of air and moisture around moveable parts of a door or window. Weather stripping is available in strips or rolls of metal, vinyl, or foam rubber and can be applied on the inside or outside of a building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
weekly operating hours: The number of hours per week that a building is used, excluding hours when the building is occupied only by maintenance, security, or other support personnel. For buildings with a schedule that varied during the year, "weekly operating hours" refers to the total weekly hours for the schedule most often followed. If operating hours varied throughout a building, the usual operating hours of the largest business in the building (based on square footage) determined the operating hours for the building.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
weight: The number of households in the United States that a particular sample unit represents. To estimate the total value of an attribute (such as square footage) in the U.S. residential population as a whole, each sample household's value is multiplied by the household's weight. Summing the weighted sample values provides an estimate of the nationwide total.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
weir: A dam in a waterway over which water flows and that serves to raise the water level or to direct or regulate flow.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
well +: A hole drilled for the purpose of finding or producing crude oil or natural gas or providing services related to the production of crude oil or natural gas. Wells are classified as oil wells, gas wells, dry holes, stratigraphic or core tests, or service wells.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0545
well pump: (See Electric Pump for Well Water.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
well water for cooling: A means of cooling that uses water from a well drilled specifically for that purpose. The subterranean temperature of the water stays at a relatively constant temperature. Where water is abundant, it provides a means of getting 55-
degree (Fahrenheit) water with no mechanical cooling. Used usually for heat rejection in a water source heat pump.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
well: A hole drilled in the earth for the purpose of (1) finding or producing crude oil or natural gas; or (2) providing services related to the production of crude or natural gas.
Wells are classified as (1) oil wells; (2) gas wells; (3) dry holes; (4) stratigraphic test wells; or (5) service wells. The latter two types of wells are not counted for FRS reporting.
Oil wells, gas wells, and dry holes are classified as exploratory wells or development wells. Exploratory wells are subclassified as (1) new-pool wildcats; (2) deeper-pool tests; (3) shallow-pool test; and (4) outpost (extension) tests. Well classifications reflect the status of wells after drilling has been completed.
Completion. The term refers to the installation of permanent equipment for the production of oil or gas.
Development Well. A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Dry Hole. An exploratory or development well found to be incapable of producing either oil and gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
Exploratory Well. A well that is not a development well, a service well, nor a stratigraphic test as those items are defined elsewhere.
Oil Well. A well completed for the production of crude oil from at least one zone or reservoir.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384*
wellhead price: The value at the mouth of the well. In general, the wellhead price is considered to be the sales price obtainable from a third party in an arm's length transaction. Posted prices, requested prices, or prices as defined by lease agreements, contracts, or tax regulations should be used where applicable.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0384*
wellhead: The point at which the crude (and/or natural gas) exits the ground. Following historical precedent, the volume and price for crude oil production are labeled as "wellhead," even though the cost and volume are now generally measured at the lease boundry. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term "wellhead" is the generic term used to reference the production site or lease property.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0487
wells and related equipment and facilities: Include costs incurred to:
- Drill and equip exploratory wells that have found proved reserves and exploratory-type stratigraphic test wells that have found proved reserves.
- Obtain access to proved reserves and provide facilities for extracting, testing, gathering, and storing the oil and gas, including the drilling and equipping of development wells, development-type stratigraphic test wells, (whether successful or unsuccessful) and service wells.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
wet bottom boiler: Slag tanks are installed usually at the furnace throat to contain and remove molten ash.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-767
wet gas: Natural gas as it exists in the reservoir before production.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: FERC-15
wheeling charge: An amount charged by one electrical system to transmit the energy of, and for, another system or systems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
wheeling service: The movement of electricity from one system to another over transmission facilities of intervening systems. Wheeling-service contracts can be established between two or more systems.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
wheeling: The use of the transmission facilities of one system to transmit power and energy by agreement of, and for, another system with a corresponding wheeling charge, e.g., the transmission of electricity over an electric utility's system for compensation, which the electric utility received from one system and delivered to another system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: EIA-861, DOE/EIA-0531*
white spirit: A highly refined distillate with a boiling point range of about 150 degrees to 200 degrees Centigrade. It is used as a paint solvent and for dry-cleaning purposes.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0219
white: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, North Africa, or the Middle East.
OPI: EI-70
Sources: OMBDirective15
whole-house cooling fan: A very large fan located in an upstairs ceiling or attic wall that pulls air through the house and out through the attic. The attic must have good air circulation--with fairly large vents--
for such a fan to work well.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*
wholesale price: The rack sales price charged for No. 2 heating oil; that is, the price charged customers who purchase No. 2 heating oil free-on-board at a supplier's terminal and provide their own transportation for the product.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: DOE/EIA-0538
wholesale sales: Energy supplied to other electric utilities, cooperatives, municipals, and Federal and state electric agencies for resale to ultimate consumers.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2
wholesale wheeling: An arrangement in which electricity is transmitted from a generator to a utility through the transmission facilities of an intervening system.
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0531
wind energy (as used at electric utilities): The kinetic energy of wind converted at electric utilities into mechanical energy by wind turbines (i.e., blades rotating from a hub) that drive generators to produce electricity for distribution.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
wind energy: Energy present in wind motion that can be converted to mechanical energy for driving pumps, mills, and electric power generators. Wind pushes against sails, vanes, or blades radiating from a central rotating shaft.
OPI: EI-50,EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0531*
wind generation: The conversion of wind energy into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy is then used to generate electricity. Wind energy generators are distinguished by a propeller which rotates with the wind and a tall tower on which the propeller and generator is mounted.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
window fan: Fans located in the window. Does not include portable table or floor fans. (See Appliances and Fan.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
window or ceiling fan: Fans located in the window or installed on the ceiling. Portable or floor fans that are not used in a window are not counted. (See Appliances Used.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
window or vision glass: Glass that can be seen through from inside. This is different than the decorative or construction glass.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*
windows that open: Windows that can be opened from the inside of the building to assist in ventilation. (See Building Shell Conservation Features.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246
windows: Openings in the building envelope that contain framed glass. Windows in unheated spaces such as a garage or unheated basement are not counted. Generally, each window that opens separately is counted as one window. Panes of glass in a large window are not counted separately unless they open separately. Double-
hung slider windows count as one window. Windows (glass panels) in doors are not counted.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
winter peaking: Having an annual peak demand occurring during the winter. A building is classified as winter peaking if its annual peak demand was reached during any of the months from November through April. (See Peak Demand.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0318
withdrawals: Total volume of gas withdrawn during the applicable reporting period.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191
wood and waste (as used at electric utilities): Wood energy, garbage, bagasse, sewerage gas, and other industrial, agricultural, and urban refuse used to generate electricity for distribution.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
wood conversion to Btu: Converting cords of wood into a Btu equivalent is an imprecise procedure. The number of cords each household reports having burned is inexact, even with the more precise drawings provided, because the estimate requires the respondent to add up the use of wood over a 12-
month period during which wood may have been added to the supply as well as removed. Besides errors of memory inherent in this task, the estimates are subject to problems in definition and perception of what a cord is. The nominal cord as delivered to a surburban residential buyer may differ from the dimensions of the standard cord. This difference is possible because wood is most often cut in lengths that are longer than what makes a third of a cord (16 inches) and shorter than what makes a half cord (24 inches).
In other cases, wood is bought or cut in unusual units (for example, pickup-truck load, or trunk load). Finally, volume estimates are difficult to make when the wood is left in a pile instead of being stacked. Other factors that make it difficult to estimate the Btu value of the wood burned is that the amount of empty space between the stacked logs may vary from 12 to 40 percent of the volume. Moisture content may vary from 20 percent in dried wood to 50 percent in green wood. (Moisture reduces the useful Btu output because energy is used in driving off the moisture). Finally, some tree species contain twice the Btu content of species with the lowest Btu value. Generally, hard woods have greater Btu value than soft woods. Wood is converted to Btu at the rate of 20 million Btu per cord, which is a rough average that takes all these factors into account. (See Btu Conversion Factors.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
wood energy: Wood and wood products used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, pulp waste, and spent pulping liquor.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384
wood pellets: Sawdust compressed into uniform diameter pellets to be burned in a heating stove.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H
wood shingles, shakes, or other wooden materials: Shingles are thin, wedge-shaped pieces of material laid with others in a series of overlapping rows as a covering for roofs and the sides of buildings. Shakes differ from shingles in that they have textured grooves and a rough or "split" appearance.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F
wood waste: Wood byproducts used as a fuel. Included are limb wood, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest residues, charcoal, and pulp waste.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515
wood-burning stove: (See Heating Stove Burning Wood, Coal, and Coke.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
wood: Wood logs, chips, or wood products that are burned.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-871A/F, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*
wooden materials: Wood shingles, wood shakes, or other wooden materials used as roofing materials. (See Shingles and Shakes.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318
working (top storage) gas: The volume of gas in the reservoir that is in addition to the cushion or base gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working capacity could be used more than once during any season.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-191, DOE/EIA-0130*
working gas: The gas in a reservoir that is in addition to the base (cushion) gas. It may or may not be completely withdrawn during any particular withdrawal season. Conditions permitting, the total working capacity could be used more than once during any given season.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0384
working interest: An interest in a mineral property that entitles the owner of that interest to all of a share of the mineral production from the property, usually subject to a royalty.
A working interest permits the owner to explore, develop, and operate the property. The working-interest owner bears the costs of exploration, development, and operation of the property and, in return, is entitled to a share of the mineral production from the property or to a share of the proceeds therefrom. It may be assigned to another party in whole or in part, or it may be divided into other special property interests.
Gross Working Interest. The reporting company's working interest plus the proportionate share of any basic royalty interest or overriding royalty interest related to the working interest.
Net Working Interest. The reporting company's working interest is not including any basic royalty or overriding royalty interests.
OPI: EI-40,EI-60
Sources: EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0216*, DOE/EIA-0384*
working storage capacity: The difference in volume between the maximum safe fill capacity and the quantity below which pump suction is ineffective (bottoms).
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*
xylene (C6H4(CH3)2): Colorless liquid of the aromatic group of hydrocarbons made by the catalytic reforming of certain naphthenic petroleum fractions. Used as high-octane motor and aviation gasoline blending agents, solvents, chemical intermediates. Isomers are metaxylene, orthoxylene, paraxylene.
OPI: EI-40
Sources: EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545
year of construction: The year the structure was originally completed or the year any part of the structure was first occupied. For mobile homes, year of construction is the model year.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2
year-round units: Housing units occupied or intended for occupancy at any time during the year. (See Housing Units and Seasonal Units.)
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314
yellowcake (U3O8): The final precipitate formed in the milling process. U3O8, common form of triuranium oxide, is the powder obtained by evaporating an ammonia solution of the oxide.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: EIA-28
yellowcake +: (See uranium oxide).
OPI: EI-50
Sources: DOE/EIA-0478
yellowcake: A uranium oxide concentrate that results from milling (concentrated) uranium ore. It is the final precipitate formed in the milling process. U3O8, a common form of triuranium oxide, is the powder obtained by evaporating an ammonia solution of the oxide. Yellowcake typically contains 80 to 90 percent U3O8.
OPI: EI-60
Sources: DOE/EIA-0384,
Appendix A
Offices of
Primary Interest
Appendix A
Offices of Primary Interest
ROUTING CODE
EIA OFFICE
DUMMY
EI-20
Office of Planning, Management and Information Services
EI-20
Office of Planning, Management and Information Services
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-40
Office of Oil and Gas
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-50
Office of Coal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-60
Office of Energy Markets and End Use
EI-70
Office of Statistical Standards
EI-70
Office of Statistical Standards
EI-70
Office of Statistical Standards
EI-70
Office of Statistical Standards
EI-80
Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting
Appendix B
FORM NUMBERS
AND
ASSOCIATED TITLES
Appendix B
FORM NUMBERS AND ASSOCIATED TITLES
FORM NUMBERS FORM TITLES
CE-63A Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey
CE-63A Annual Solar Thermal Collector Manufacturers Survey
CE-63B Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey
CE-63B Annual Photovoltaic Module/Cell Manufacturers Survey
EIA-1 Weekly Coal Monitoring Report--General Industries and Blast Furnaces (Standby Form)
EIA-14 Refiners' Monthly Cost Report
EIA-176 Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition
EIA-176 Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition
EIA-176 Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition
EIA-176 Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition
EIA-176 Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition
EIA-176 Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition
EIA-176 Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition
EIA-182 Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Report
EIA-191 Monthly Underground Gas Storage Report
EIA-191 Monthly Underground Gas Storage Report
EIA-20 Weekly Telephone Survey of Coal Burning Utilities (Standby Form)
EIA-23 Annual Survey of Domestic Oil and Gas Reserves
EIA-23 Annual Survey of Domestic Oil and Gas Reserves
EIA-23 Annual Survey of Domestic Oil and Gas Reserves
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-28 Financial Reporting System
EIA-4 Weekly Coal Monitoring Report--Coke Plants (Standby Form)
EIA-412 Annual Report of Public Electric Utilities
EIA-412 Annual Report of Public Electric Utilities
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-457A/H Residential Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-6 Coal Distribution Report
EIA-6 Coal Distribution Report
EIA-627 Annual Quantity and Value of Natural Gas Report
EIA-64A Annual Report of the Origin of Natural Gas Liquids Production
EIA-64A Annual Report of the Origin of Natural Gas Liquids Production
EIA-759 Monthly Power Plant Report
EIA-767 Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report
EIA-767 Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report
EIA-767 Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report
EIA-782A Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report
EIA-782A Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report
EIA-782A Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report
EIA-782A Refiners'/Gas Plant Operators' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report
EIA-782B Resellers'/Retailers' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report
EIA-782B Resellers'/Retailers' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report
EIA-782B Resellers'/Retailers' Monthly Petroleum Product Sales Report
EIA-782C Monthly Report of Prime Supplier Sales of Petroleum Products Sold for Local Consumption
EIA-782C Monthly Report of Prime Supplier Sales of Petroleum Products Sold for Local Consumption
EIA-782C Monthly Report of Prime Supplier Sales of Petroleum Products Sold for Local Consumption
EIA-7A Coal Production Report
EIA-7A Coal Production Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-800 Weekly Refinery Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-801 Weekly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-802 Weekly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-803 Weekly Crude Oil Stocks Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-804 Weekly Imports Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-807 Propane Telephone Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-810 Monthly Refinery Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-811 Monthly Bulk Terminal Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-812 Monthly Product Pipeline Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-813 Monthly Crude Oil Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-814 Monthly Imports Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-816 Monthly Natural Gas Liquids Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-817 Monthly Tanker and Barge Movement Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819A Annual Oxygenate Capacity Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-819M Monthly Oxygenate Telephone Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-820 Biennial Refinery Report
EIA-821 Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
EIA-821 Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
EIA-821 Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-825 Petroleum Facility Operator Identification Survey
EIA-826 Monthly Electric Utility Sales and Revenue Report with State Distributions
EIA-826 Monthly Electric Utility Sales and Revenue Report with State Distributions
EIA-856 Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report
EIA-856 Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report
EIA-856 Monthly Foreign Crude Oil Acquisition Report
EIA-857 Monthly Report of Natural Gas Purchases and Deliveries to Consumers
EIA-858 Uranium Industry Annual Survey
EIA-858 Uranium Industry Annual Survey
EIA-860 Annual Electric Generator Report
EIA-860 Annual Electric Generator Report
EIA-861 Annual Electric Utility Report
EIA-861 Annual Electric Utility Report
EIA-861 Annual Electric Utility Report
EIA-861 Annual Electric Utility Report
EIA-863 Petroleum Product Sales Identification Survey
EIA-863 Petroleum Product Sales Identification Survey
EIA-867 Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report
EIA-867 Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report
EIA-867 Annual Nonutility Power Producer Report
EIA-871A/F Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-871A/F Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-871A/F Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-871A/F Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-871A/F Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-871A/F Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey
EIA-886 Alternative Fuel Vehicles Suppliers' Annual Report
EIA-886 Alternative Fuel Vehicles Suppliers' Annual Report
EIA-886 Alternative Fuel Vehicles Suppliers' Annual Report
EIA-886 Alternative Fuel Vehicles Suppliers' Annual Report
FERC-1 Annual Report of Major Electric Utilities, Licensees, and Others
FERC-15 Interstate Pipeline's Annual Report of Gas Supply
FERC-15 Interstate Pipeline's Annual Report of Gas Supply
FERC-2 Annual Report of Major Natural Gas Companies
FERC-2 Annual Report of Major Natural Gas Companies
FPC-14 Annual Report for Importers and Exporters of Natural Gas
N/A
RW-859 Nuclear Fuel Data
RW-859 Nuclear Fuel Data
RW-859 Nuclear Fuel Data
Appendix C
PUBLICATION
NUMBERS
Appendix C
PUBLICATION NUMBERS
PUBLICATION NUMBER PUBLICATION TITLE
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0035 Monthly Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0064 Coal Data: A Reference
DOE/EIA-0064 Coal Data: A Reference
DOE/EIA-0064 Coal Data: A Reference
DOE/EIA-0095 Inventory of Power Plants in the United States
DOE/EIA-0095 Inventory of Power Plants in the United States
DOE/EIA-0095 Inventory of Power Plants in the United States
DOE/EIA-0095 Inventory of Power Plants in the United States
DOE/EIA-0095 Inventory of Power Plants in the United States
DOE/EIA-0095 Inventory of Power Plants in the United States
DOE/EIA-0095 Inventory of Power Plants in the United States
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0109 Petroleum Supply Monthly
DOE/EIA-0118 Coal Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0118 Coal Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0118 Coal Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0118 Coal Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0121 Quarterly Coal Report
DOE/EIA-0121 Quarterly Coal Report
DOE/EIA-0121 Quarterly Coal Report
DOE/EIA-0125 Coal Distribution Quarterly
DOE/EIA-0130 Natural Gas Monthly
DOE/EIA-0130 Natural Gas Monthly
DOE/EIA-0130 Natural Gas Monthly
DOE/EIA-0131 Natural Gas Annual
DOE/EIA-0131 Natural Gas Annual
DOE/EIA-0131 Natural Gas Annual
DOE/EIA-0131 Natural Gas Annual
DOE/EIA-0167 Gas Supplies of Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Companies
DOE/EIA-0167 Gas Supplies of Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Companies
DOE/EIA-0167 Gas Supplies of Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline Companies
DOE/EIA-0174 Solar Collector Manufacturing Activity
DOE/EIA-0174 Solar Collector Manufacturing Activity
DOE/EIA-0174 Solar Collector Manufacturing Activity
DOE/EIA-0191 Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants
DOE/EIA-0191 Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants
DOE/EIA-0191 Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants
DOE/EIA-0191 Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants
DOE/EIA-0191 Cost and Quality of Fuels for Electric Utility Plants
DOE/EIA-0202 Short-Term Energy Outlook
DOE/EIA-0202 Short-Term Energy Outlook
DOE/EIA-0206 Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers
DOE/EIA-0206 Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers
DOE/EIA-0206 Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers
DOE/EIA-0206 Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers
DOE/EIA-0206 Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers
DOE/EIA-0206 Performance Profiles of Major Energy Producers
DOE/EIA-0208 Weekly Petroleum Status Report
DOE/EIA-0208 Weekly Petroleum Status Report
DOE/EIA-0208 Weekly Petroleum Status Report
DOE/EIA-0214 State Energy Data Report
DOE/EIA-0214 State Energy Data Report
DOE/EIA-0214 State Energy Data Report
DOE/EIA-0214 State Energy Data Report
DOE/EIA-0214 State Energy Data Report
DOE/EIA-0214 State Energy Data Report
DOE/EIA-0216 U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves
DOE/EIA-0216 U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves
DOE/EIA-0216 U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves
DOE/EIA-0216 U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Reserves
DOE/EIA-0219 International Energy Annual
DOE/EIA-0219 International Energy Annual
DOE/EIA-0219 International Energy Annual
DOE/EIA-0219 International Energy Annual
DOE/EIA-0226 Electric Power Monthly
DOE/EIA-0226 Electric Power Monthly
DOE/EIA-0226 Electric Power Monthly
DOE/EIA-0226 Electric Power Monthly
DOE/EIA-0226 Electric Power Monthly
DOE/EIA-0226 Electric Power Monthly
DOE/EIA-0226 Electric Power Monthly
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0246 Commercial Buildings Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0292 An Assessment of the Quality of Selected EIA Data Series: Coal and Electric Power Data from 1977 to 1982
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0314 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Housing Characteristics
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0318 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/1 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part I: National Data
DOE/EIA-0321/2 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional Data
DOE/EIA-0321/2 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional Data
DOE/EIA-0321/2 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional Data
DOE/EIA-0321/2 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional Data
DOE/EIA-0321/2 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional Data
DOE/EIA-0321/2 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional Data
DOE/EIA-0321/2 Residential Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption and Expenditures, Part II: Regional Data
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0340 Petroleum Supply Annual
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/1 Electric Power Annual, Volume I
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0348/2 Electric Power Annual, Volume II
DOE/EIA-0370 Oil and Gas Field Code Master List
DOE/EIA-0370 Oil and Gas Field Code Master List
DOE/EIA-0376 State Energy Price and Expenditure Report
DOE/EIA-0376 State Energy Price and Expenditure Report
DOE/EIA-0376 State Energy Price and Expenditure Report
DOE/EIA-0376 State Energy Price and Expenditure Report
DOE/EIA-0376 State Energy Price and Expenditure Report
DOE/EIA-0380 Petroleum Marketing Monthly
DOE/EIA-0380 Petroleum Marketing Monthly
DOE/EIA-0380 Petroleum Marketing Monthly
DOE/EIA-0380 Petroleum Marketing Monthly
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0384 Annual Energy Review
DOE/EIA-0406 Delays and Cancellations of Coal-Fired Generating Capacity
DOE/EIA-0436 World Nuclear Outlook
DOE/EIA-0436 World Nuclear Outlook
DOE/EIA-0436 World Nuclear Outlook
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1 Financial Statistics of Major Investor-Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2 Financial Statistics of Major Publicly Owned Electric Utilities
DOE/EIA-0437(93) Financial Statistics of Selected Utilities in the United States
DOE/EIA-0437(93) Financial Statistics of Selected Utilities in the United States
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0455 Electric Plant Cost and Power Production Expenses
DOE/EIA-0464 Household Vehicles Energy Consumption
DOE/EIA-0464 Household Vehicles Energy Consumption
DOE/EIA-0464 Household Vehicles Energy Consumption
DOE/EIA-0464 Household Vehicles Energy Consumption
DOE/EIA-0464 Household Vehicles Energy Consumption
DOE/EIA-0469 Energy Facts
DOE/EIA-0469 Energy Facts
DOE/EIA-0474 Annual Outlook for U.S. Electric Power 1989
DOE/EIA-0477 Domestic Uranium Mining and Milling Industry, Viability Assessment
DOE/EIA-0477 Domestic Uranium Mining and Milling Industry, Viability Assessment
DOE/EIA-0478 Uranium Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0478 Uranium Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0478 Uranium Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0478 Uranium Industry Annual
DOE/EIA-0487 Petroleum Marketing Annual
DOE/EIA-0487 Petroleum Marketing Annual
DOE/EIA-0487 Petroleum Marketing Annual
DOE/EIA-0512 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy
DOE/EIA-0512 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy
DOE/EIA-0512 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy
DOE/EIA-0512 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy
DOE/EIA-0512 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Consumption of Energy
DOE/EIA-0515 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel Switching Capability
DOE/EIA-0515 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel Switching Capability
DOE/EIA-0515 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel Switching Capability
DOE/EIA-0515 Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey: Fuel Switching Capability
DOE/EIA-0520 International Petroleum Statistics Report
DOE/EIA-0520 International Petroleum Statistics Report
DOE/EIA-0523 International Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Activities
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0531 Electric Trade in the United States
DOE/EIA-0535 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales
DOE/EIA-0535 Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales
DOE/EIA-0538 Winter Fuels Report
DOE/EIA-0538 Winter Fuels Report
DOE/EIA-0538 Winter Fuels Report
DOE/EIA-0540 Electric Sales and Revenue
DOE/EIA-0540 Electric Sales and Revenue
DOE/EIA-0540 Electric Sales and Revenue
DOE/EIA-0540 Electric Sales and Revenue
DOE/EIA-0545 Petroleum: An Energy Profile
DOE/EIA-0545 Petroleum: An Energy Profile
DOE/EIA-0545 Petroleum: An Energy Profile
DOE/EIA-0545 Petroleum: An Energy Profile
DOE/EIA-0545 Petroleum: An Energy Profile
DOE/EIA-0545 Petroleum: An Energy Profile
DOE/EIA-0545 Petroleum: An Energy Profile
DOE/EIA-0552 Changes in Energy Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector 1985-1991
DOE/EIA-0552 Changes in Energy Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector 1985-1991
DOE/EIA-0552 Changes in Energy Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector 1985-1991
DOE/EIA-0552 Changes in Energy Intensity in the Manufacturing Sector 1985-1991
DOE/EIA-0585/0 Alternatives to Transportation Fuels: An Overview
DUMMY DUMMY
ISBN0-470-21349-3 Marriott, F. H. C. 1991. A Dictionary of Statistical Terms. 5th ed. New York City, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN0-470-21349-3 Marriott, F. H. C. 1991. A Dictionary of Statistical Terms. 5th ed. New York City, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ISBN0-470-21349-3 Marriott, F. H. C. 1991. A Dictionary of Statistical Terms. 5th ed. New York City, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
OMBDirective15 Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting
Appendix D
LEGISLATIVE SOURCES
Appendix D
LEGISLATIVE SOURCES
LEGISLATIVE LEGISLATIVE
NUMBER TITLE
DUMMY
DUMMY
Public Law 93-319 (ESECA)
Energy Supply and Environmental Coordination Act of 1974
Appendix E
OTHER SOURCES
Appendix E
OTHER SOURCES
7/1/93 Dorsey memo
OMB DIRECTIVE 15
OSS defined.
OSS developed.
OSS developed.
eia- 871a/f
Energy Information Administration
30
Glossary of Energy and Energy-Related Terms
Energy Information Administration
29
Glossary of Energy and Energy-Related Terms