DOE/EIA Glossary of Energy and Energy-Related Terms

ability to switch main heating fuel: See Fuel-Switching Capability.
OPI ,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0318

acbm: Acronym for "asbestos-containing building material." (See Asbestos)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

account classification: The way in which suppliers of electricity, natural gas, or fuel oil classify andbill their customers. Commonly used account classifications are "Residential," "Commercial," "Industrial," and "Other." Suppliers' definitionsof these terms vary from supplier to supplier. In addition, the same customer may be classifieddifferently by each of its energy suppliers.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0318

account of others (natural gas): Natural gas deliveries for the account of others are deliveries to customers by transporters that do not own the natural gas but deliver it for others for a fee.Included are quantities covered by long-term contracts and quantities involved in short-term or spot market sales.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0384

accounting system: A method of recording accounting data for a utility or company or a method of supplying accounting information for controlling, evaluating, planning and decisionmaking.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*

acid mine drainage: This refers to water pollution that results when sulfur-bearing minerals associated with coal are exposed to air and water and form sulfuric acid andferrous sulfate. The ferrous sulfate can further react to form ferric hydroxide, or yellowboy, a yellow-orangeiron precipitate found in streams and rivers polluted by acid mine drainage.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0064

acid rain: Also called acid precipitation or acid deposition, acid rain is precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides released into theatmosphere when fossil fuels are burned.It can be wet precipitation (rain, snow,or fog) or dry precipitation (absorbed gaseous and particulate matter, aerosol particles or dust). Acid rain has a pH below 5.6. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6,which is slightly acidic. The term pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity and ranges from 0 to 14. A pH measurement of 7 is regarded as neutral. Measurements below 7 indicate increased acidity, while those above indicate increased alkalinity.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0064*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2

acquisition (1): Acquisitions include all transfers of ownership of foreign crude oil to a firm, irrespective of the terms of that transfer. Acquisitions thus include all purchases and exchange receipts as well as any and all foreign crude acquired under reciprocal buy-sell agreements or acquired as a result of a buy-back or other preferential agreement with a host government.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-856

acquisition (2): The procurement of the legal right to explore for and produce discovered minerals, if any, within a specific area; that legal right may be obtained by mineral lease, concession, or purchase of land and mineral rights or of mineral rights alone.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28

acquisition cost: Cost of acquiring mining and production rights to a uranium property.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-858

acquisition costs: Direct costs and indirect costs incurred to acquire legal rights to wasting natural resources. Direct costs include costs incurred to obtain options to lease or purchase mineral rights and costs incurred for the actual leasing (e.g., lease bonuses) or purchasing of the rights. Indirect costs include such costs as brokers' commissions and expenses; abstract and recording fees; filing and patenting fees; and costs of legal examination of title and documents.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206*

acre-foot: The volume of water that will cover an area of 1 acre to a depth of 1 foot.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0455

acreage: An area, measured in acres, that is subject to ownership or control by those holding total or fractional shares of working interests. Acreage is considered developed when development has been completed. (See definition for Working Interest.) A distinction may be made between "gross" acreage and "net" acreage:

Gross - All acreage covered by any working interest, regardless of the percentage of ownership in the interest.

Net - Gross acreage adjusted to reflect the percentage of ownership in the working interest in the acreage.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206

active solar: As an energy source, energy from the sun collectedand stored using mechanical pumps or fans to circulate heat-laden fluids or air between solar collectors and a building.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*

activities requiring large amounts of hot water: CBECS collects this data for activities within the buildings that require large amounts of hot water for other than space heating. Examples of these activities are commercial laundry rooms, heated swimming pools, spas, or saunas and steam rooms. (See Energy-Related Space Functions.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

additional vehicle: A vehicle whose acquisition causes an increase in the size of the company fleet. These vehicles are not meant to take place of vehicles being retired from service.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-176

adequacy of insulation: The perception of the respondent as to the adequacy of insulation present in the housing unit; or how "good" theinsulation in the unit is.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0314

adjustable speed drives: Drives that save energy by ensuring the motor's speed is properly matched to the load placed on the motor. Terms used to describe this category include polyphase motors, motor oversizing, and motor rewinding.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-871A/F

adjusted electricity: A measurement of electricity that includes the approximate amount of energy used to generate electricity. To approximate the adjusted amount of electricity, the site-value of the electricity is multiplied by a factor of three. This conversion factor of three is a rough approximation of the Btu value ofraw fuels used to generate electricity in a steam-generation power plant. In this report,electricity is represented as site energy. See Site Energy and Btu Conversion Factors.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

administrative and general expenses: Expenses of an electric utility relating to the overall directions of its corporate offices and administrative affairs, as contrasted with expenses incurred for specialized functions. Examples include office salaries, officesupplies, advertising, and other generalexpenses.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531

advance royalty: A royalty required to be paid in advanceof production from a mineral property that may or may not be recoverable from future production.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28

advances from municipality: The amount of loans and advances made by the municipality or its other departments to the utility department when such loans and advances are subject to repayment but not subject to current settlement.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-412

advances to municipality: The amount of loans and advances made by the utility department to the municipality or its other departments when such loans or advances are subject to current settlement.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-412

adverse water conditions: Reduced streamflow, lack of rain in the drainage basin, or low water supply behind a pondage or reservoir dam resulting in a reduced gross head that limits the production of hydroelectric power or forces restrictions to be placed on multipurpose reservoirs or other water uses.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0455

affiliate (1): See Firm as used on EIA-856.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-856

affiliate (2): An "affiliate" of, or a person "affiliated" with, a specific person is a person thatdirectly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, theperson specified. The term "affiliate" includes any subsidiary or parent of the person specified.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206

affiliatesidiary: Entities directly or indirectly controlled by a parent.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C

affiliated (associated) company: An "affiliate" of, or aperson "affiliated" with, a specific person is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with the person specified. (See Person and Control)
OPI EI-40
Sources DOE/EIA-0216

aftermarket converted vehicle: A standard conventionally fueled, factory-
produced vehicle to which equipment has been added that enables the vehicle to operate on alternative fuel.
OPI EI-50

Sources EIA-886, DOE/EIA-0585/0

aftermarket vehicle converter: An organization or individual that modifies OEM vehicles after first use or sale to operate on a different fuel (or fuels).
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

agglomerating character: Agglomeration describes the caking properties of coal. Agglomerating character is determined by examination and testing of the residue when a small powdered sample is heated to 950 degrees Centigrade under specific conditions. If the sample is "agglomerating," the residue will be coherent, show swelling or cell structure, and be capable of supporting a 500-gram weight without pulverizing.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0118

aggregate ratio: The ratio of two population aggregates (totals). For example, the aggregate expenditures per household is the ratio of the total expenditures in each category to the total number of households in the category. See Mean.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2, DOE/EIA-0464*

agricultural: Activities involving the manufacturing, processing, sale, storage, or housing of agricultural products, including livestock. However, buildings that had 50 percent or more of the floorspace devoted to agricultural activity were considered out of scope and were dropped from the sample during the interview phase.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318

agriculture, mining, and construction (consumer category): Companies engaged in agriculture, mining (other than coal mining), or construction industries.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-6

aid to families with dependent children (aFdc): Federal Government program that is State or locally administered. AFDC offers financial assistance to families with children. Need is based upon (1) the incapacity or death of a parent, (2) a parent's continued absence from the home, or (3) the unemployment of a father. For a family to receive AFDC, at least one child of the household must be 18 or under or under 21 and in school. Most AFDC families have female heads. If the male head is present, however, he is likely to be incapacitated or unemployed.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H

air cleaner: A device using filters or electrostatic precipitators to remove indoor-air pollutants such as tobacco smoke, dust, and pollen. Most portable units are 40 watts when operated on low speed and 100 watts on high speed.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H

air collector: A medium-temperature collector used predominantly in space heating, utilizing pumped air as the heat-transfer medium.
OPI EI-50
Sources CE-63A, DOE/EIA-0174*

air conditioned rooms: The number of rooms the air-conditioning equipment is capable of cooling when the equipment is used.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

air conditioning (1): See Cooling, as used in DOE/EIA-0246.

OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

air conditioning (2): Cooling and dehumidification of the air in a building by a refrigeration unit driven by electricity or gas. This definition excludes fans, blowers, or evaporative cooling systems ("swamp coolers") that are not connected to a refrigeration unit.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*

air conditioning intensity: The ratio of air-conditioning consumption or expenditures to square footage of cooled floorspace and cooling degree-days (base 65 degrees F). This intensity provides a way of comparing different types of housing units and households by controlling for differences in housing unit size and weather conditions. The square footage of cooled floorspace is equal to the product of the total square footage times the ratio of the number of rooms that could be cooled to the total number of rooms. If the entire housing unit is cooled, the cooled floorspace is the same as the total floorspace. The ratio is calculated on a weighted, aggregate basis according to this formula:

Air- Btu for Air Conditioning
Conditioning = ------------------------------
Intensity (Cooled Square Feet * Cooling Degree-Days)

See Air conditioning, Air conditioned rooms, and Cooling degree-days.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

air conditioning usage: The way the central air conditioner or the most-
used-room air conditioner was used during the summer of 1990. When a household had both a central air conditioner and a room air conditioner, the tabulation was based on the use of the central air conditioner, not the room air conditioner. Some households responded "other" to this question of "use last summer"; these were mainly households that said they did not live in their house last summer. Some households responded that they did not use their air conditioner at all last summer but said that they "usually" air condition some rooms. (See Air-Conditioned Rooms.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0314

air ducts or air-handling units: A method for channeling warm or cool air to different parts of a building. The process of moving the conditioned air often involves drawing air over heating or cooling coils and forcing it from a central location through ducts or air-handling units. Air-handling units are hidden in the walls or ceilings, where they use steam or hot water to heat the air or chilled water to cool the air, inside the duct work. (See Cooling, Duct, and Space Heating.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318

air pollution abatement equipment: Equipment used to reduce or eliminate airborne pollutants, including particulate matter (dust, smoke, fly, ash, dirt, etc.), sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, odors, and other pollutants. Examples of air pollution abatement structures and equipment include flue-gas particulate collectors, flue-gas desulfurization units and nitrogen oxide control devices.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-767

alcohol: The family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The series of molecules vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group; CH(3)-
(CH(2))n-OH (e.g., methanol, ethanol, and tertiary butyl alcohol).
OPI EI-40,EI-60

Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0202, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0520*, DOE/EIA-0545*

alkylate: The product of an alkylation reaction. It usually refers to the high-octane product from alkylation units. This alkylate is used in blending high octane gasoline.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340

alkylation: A refining process for chemically combining isobutane with olefin hydrocarbons (e.g., propylene, butylene) through the control of temperature and pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst, usually sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid. The product, alkylate, an isoparaffin, has high octane value and is blended with motor and aviation gasoline to improve the antiknock value of the fuel.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545

all-electric home: A residence in which electricity is used for the main source of energy for space heating, water heating, and cooking. Other fuels may be used for supplementary heating or other purposes.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

allowance for all funds during construction: This amount should include the monthly credits for allowance for funds, including other funds and borrowed funds, used during construction.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-826

allowance for funds used during construction (aFUdc): A noncash item representing the estimated composite interest costs of debt and a return on equity funds used to finance construction. The allowance is capitalized in the property accounts and included in income.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2

alternate energy source for primary heater: The fuel that would be used in place of the usual main heating fuel if the building had to switch fuels. (See Fuel-Switching Capability.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0318

alternating current (ac): An electric current that reverses its direction at regularly recurring intervals.
OPI EI-70
Sources

alternative fuel (1): Alternative fuels include the following:

- - methanol

- - denatured ethanol, and other alcohols

- - fuel mixtures containing 85 percent or more by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with gasoline or other fuels
-- natural gas

- - liquefied petroleum gas (propane)

- - hydrogen

- - coal-derived liquid fuels

- - fuels (other than alcohol) derived from biological materials (biofuels such as soy diesel fuel)

- - electricity (including electricity from solar energy.)

"... any other fuel the Secretary determines, by rule, is substantially not petroleum and would yield substantial energy security benefits and substantial environmental benefits." The term "alternative fuel" does not include alcohol or other blended portions of primarily petroleum-
based fuels used as oxygenates or extenders, i.e. MTBE, ETBE, other ethers, and the 10-
percent ethanol portion of gasohol.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

alternative fuel (2): Methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols, mixtures containing 85 percent or more (or such other percentage, but not less than 70 percent) by volume of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols with gasoline or other fuels; natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas; hydrogen; coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels (other than alcohol) derived from biological materials; and electricity (including electricity from solar energy).
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-176

alternative fuel vehicle converter: An organization (including companies, government agencies and utilities), or individual that performs conversions involving alternative alternative fuel vehicles. An AFV converter can convert (1) conventionally fueled vehicles to AFVs, (2) AFVs to conventionally fueled vehicles, or (3) AFVs to use another alternative fuel.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

alternative fuel vehicle: A vehicle that operates on an alternative fuel exclusively (a dedicated AFV), or operates with a combination of alternative and conventional fuels (bi-fuel or flexible fuel).
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

alternative-fuel vehicle: A vehicle that is capable of being fueled by an alternative fuel. This category of vehicle includes dual-fuel vehicles as well was dedicated vehicles.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-176

alternative-rate dsM program assistance: A DSM program assistance that offers special rate structures or discounts on the consumer's monthly electric bill in exchange for participation in DSM programs aimed at cutting peak demands or changing load shape. These rates are intended to reduce consumer bills and shift hours of operation of equipment from on-
peak to off-peak periods through the application of time-differentiated rates. For example, utilities often pay consumers several dollars a month (refund on their monthly electric bill) for participation in a load control program. Large commercial and industrial cusumers sometimes obtain interruptible rates, which provide a discount in return for the consumer's agreement to cut electric loads upon request from the utility (usually during critical periods, such as summer afternoons when the system demand approaches the utility's generating capability). (See DSM Program Assistance.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

aluminum, asbestos, plastic, or wood siding, shingles, or shakes: The outside surface made of aluminum, asbestos, plastic, or wood. May be applied in the form of siding, shingles, or shakes. Siding is generally produced in the shape of boards applied to the outside of a building in overlapping rows. Shingles are thin, wedge-

shaped pieces of material laid with others in a series of overlapping rows as a covering for roofs and the sides of buildings. Shakes differ from shingles in that they have textured grooves and a rough or "split" appearance.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-871A/F

american indian or alaskan native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North America, and who maintains cultural identification through tribal affiliation or community recognition.
OPI EI-70
Sources

amorphous silicon: An alloy of silica and hydrogen, with a disordered, noncrystalline internal atomic arrangement, that can be deposited in thin-film layers (a few micrometers in thickness) by a number of deposition methods to produce thin-
film photovoltaic cells on glass, metal, or plastic substrates.
OPI EI-50
Sources CE-63B, DOE/EIA-0174

amortization: The depreciation, depletion, or charge-off to expense of intangible and tangible assets over a period of time. In the extractive industries, the term is most frequently applied to mean either (1) the periodic charge-off to expense of the costs associated with nonproducing mineral properties incurred prior to the time when they are developed and entered into production or (2) the systematic charge-off to expense of those costs of productive mineral properties (including tangible and intangible costs of prospecting, acquisition, exploration, and development) that had been initially capitalized (or deferred) prior to the time the properties entered into production, and thereafter are charged off as minerals are produced.
OPI EI-50,EI-60
Sources EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0455*

ampd: Average miles driven per day.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0464

ampere: The unit of measurement of electrical current produced in a circuit by 1 volt acting through a resistance of 1 OHM.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2

annual operating factor: The annual fuel consumption divided by the product of design firing rate and hours of operation per year.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-767

annual requirement: The reporting company's best estimate of the annual requirement for natural gas to make direct sales or sales for resale under certificate authorizations and for company use and unaccounted-for gas during the year next following the current report year.
OPI EI-40
Sources FERC-15, DOE/EIA-0167*

ansi assembly identifier: The serial numbering scheme adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to ensure uniqueness of an assembly serial number.
OPI EI-50
Sources RW-859

anthracite +: A hard, black, lustrous coal containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. It is often referred to as hard coal.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0552

anthracite: A hard, black lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal, containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. Comprises three groups classified according to the following ASTM Specification D388-91a, on a dry mineral-matter-free basis:

Fixed

Carbon Volatile

Limits Matter

GE LT GT LE

Meta-Anthracite 98 - - 2

Anthracite 92 98 2 8

Semianthracite 86 92 8 14
OPI EI-50,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0125*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*

any use that requires special ventilation equipment, such as laboratories or "clean rooms": Refers to parts of buildings that have special ventilation equipment for controlling or maintaining the temperature, humidity, or cleanliness of the air. Besides laboratories, examples of spaces with special ventilation requirements include dry cleaning establishments, enclosed parking garages, auto body repair shops, operating rooms in hospitals, and kitchens in full-service restaurants. This special ventilation equipment includes: fume hoods, safety cabinets, ventilation fans, diffusers, exhaust air system, exhaust fans, and supply fans. NOTE: To be considered special ventilation equipment, a fan must be attached to ducts and these ducts must be ducted to the outside. The term "fan" does not refer to a wall or ceiling fan that is a large version of the portable fans you might see in a home or office or a "whole house fan." This type of fan is not considered special ventilation equipment.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-871A/F

api gravity: American Petroleum Institute measure of specific gravity of crude oil or condensate in degrees. An arbitrary scale expressing the gravity or density of liquid petroleum products. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees API; it is calculated as follows:

Degrees API = (141.5 / sp.gr.60 deg.F/60 deg.F) - 131.5
OPI EI-40,EI-60
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0380*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0487*, DOE/EIA-0523*, DOE/EIA-0545*

api: The American Petroleum Institute, a trade association.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0384

apparent consumption, (coal): Coal production plus imports of coal, coke, and briquets minus exports of coal, coke, and briquets plus or minus stock changes. Note: The sum of "Production" and "Imports" less "Exports" may not equal "Consumption" due to changes in stocks, losses, unaccounted-for coal, and special arrangements such as the United States shipments of anthracite to United States Armed Forces in Europe.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0219

apparent consumption, natural gas (international): The total of an individual nation's dry natural gas production plus imports less exports.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0384

apparent consumption, petroleum (international): Consumption that includes internal consumption, refinery fuel and loss, and bunkering. For countries in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), apparent consumption is derived from refined product output plus refined product imports minus refined product exports plus refined product stock changes plus other oil consumption (such as direct use of crude oil). For countries outside the OECD, apparent consumption is either a reported figure or is derived from refined product output plus refined product imports minus refined product exports, with stock levels assumed to remain the same. Apparent consumption also includes, where available, liquefied petroleum gases sold directly from natural gas processing plants for fuel or chemical uses.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0384

appliance efficiency index: A relative comparison of trends in new-model efficiencies for major appliances and energy-
using equipment. The base year for relative comparisons was 1972 (1972=100). Efficiencies for each year were efficiencies of different model types that were weighted by their market shares.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0314

appliance efficiency standards: The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987 established minimum efficiency standards for major home appliances, including furnaces, central and room air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, water heaters, dishwashers, and heat pumps. Most of the standards took effect in 1990. The standards for clothes washers, dishwashers, and ranges took effect in 1988, because they required only minor changes in product design, such as eliminating pilot lights and requiring cold water rinse options. The standards for central air conditioners and furnaces took effect in 1992, because it took longer to redesign these products. Appliance efficiency standards for refrigerators took effect in 1993.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*

appliances used: Appliances possessed and used by the household during the year. Appliances posessed by the household but not used are not counted. Appliances loaned to the household for its regular use are included. Appliances temporarily not in working condition but generally used by the household are included only if a repair person has been called or the appliance has been taken to a repair shop. The following list of appliances are specified: refrigerator, swimming pool, hot tub, jacuzzi heaters, stove top burners, ovens (excluding toaster ovens), microwave ovens, outdoor gas grills, clothes washers, dishwashers, clothes dryers, outdoor gas lights, dehumidifiers, humidifiers, evaporative coolers, fans, electric blankets, water-bed heaters, and television sets. Swimming pool, hot tub, or jacuzzi heaters are included only if they are for the exclusive use of the housing unit; those heaters that are for the use of many resident households (such as those in apartment buildings, condominiums, or cooperatives) are excluded. The "range" (stove-
top burners) and "oven" are considered two separate appliances, although they are often purchased as one appliance. See Refrigerator and Evaporative Cooler.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

appliances: Appliances used in the home during the year, including those loaned to the householder for regular use. Appliances possessed by the household but not used are not counted, except for air-conditioning equipment. Appliances temporarily not in working condition but generally used by the household are included only if a repair person has been called or the appliance has been taken to a repair shop.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*

aromatics: Hydrocarbons characterized by unsaturated ring structures of carbon atoms. Commercial petroleum aromatics are benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX).
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545

as received coal: Coal in the condition as received by the user.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0064

asbestos: A group of naturally occurring minerals that separate into long, thin fibers. Asbestos was used for many years to insulate and fireproof buildings. In the 1989 CBECS, information on asbestos in buildings was collected (Section R of the Buildings Questionnaire) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Asbestos treatment methods include removal, encapsulation or sealing, and enclosure behind a permanent barrier. Types of asbestos that may be found in buildings are:
a. Heating or cooling system insulation wrap--
refers to asbestos-containing building material (ACBM) applied to pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, or other structural components to prevent heat loss or gain, or water condensation. This insulation was typically made in pre-formed sections for either pipes or boilers and tanks. It is commonly chalky white in appearance with a plaster-saturated canvas used as a final wrap.

b. Sprayed on or trowelled on surfacing material--refers to ACBM such as acoustic plaster on ceilings or fire- proofing on structural members such as I-beams and decking. While the main use is thermal insulation, the material may also provide acoustic insulation and a decorative finish. Sprayed coatings typically have a rough, fluffy appearance while trowelled coatings have a smoother finish and may be covered with a layer of plaster or other nonasbestos material. Ceiling tiles--refer to ceiling tiles that contain asbestos. The asbestos was added to strengthen the tiles and to provide acoustic insulation and fireproofing.
d. Flooring tiles--refer to vinyl flooring tiles to which asbestos has been added as a strengthening agent. Asbestos may also be present in the backing of vinyl sheet flooring.
e. Some other form--refers to ACBM used in such building materials as wall- board and cement pipes.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

ash: Impurities consisting of silica, iron, alumina, and other noncombustible matter that are contained in coal. Ash increases the weight of coal, adds to the cost of handling, and can affect its burning characteristics. Ash content is measured as a percent by weight of coal on an "as received" or a "dry" (moisture-free, usually part of a laboratory analysis) basis.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2

asian or pacific islander: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, or the Pacific Islands. This area includes, for example, China, India, Japan, Korea, the Phillippine Islands, and Samoa.
OPI EI-70
Sources OMBDirective15

asphalt (natural): A natural mineral pitch, tar, or bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbons, a natural bituminous rock of dark color comparatively hard and nonvolatile. Does not include asphalt, bitumen, tar, etc. derived from petroleum processing.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0219

asphalt (refined): A dark brown to black solid or semi-solid material obtained from petroleum processing in which the predominate component is bitumen. Used mainly in road construction.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0219

asphalt, fiberglass, or other shingles: See Shingles.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-871A/F

asphalt: A dark-brown-to-black cement-like material containing bitumens as the predominant constituent obtained by petroleum processing. The definition includes crude asphalt as well as the following finished products: cements, fluxes, the asphalt content of emulsions (exclusive of water), and petroleum distillates blended with asphalt to make cutback asphalts. The conversion factor for asphalt is 5.5 barrels per short ton.
OPI EI-40,EI-60
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0545*

assembly identifier: A unique string of alphanumeric characters that identifies an assembly, bundle, or canister for a specific reactor in which it has been irradiated.
OPI EI-50
Sources RW-859

assembly type: Each assembly is characterized by a fabricator, rod-array size, and model type. An eight-digit assembly type code is assigned to each assembly type based on certain distinguishing characteristics, such as the number of rods per assembly, fuel rod diameter, cladding type, materials used in fabrication, and other design features.
OPI EI-50
Sources RW-859

assessment work: The annual or biennial work performed on a mining claim (or claims), after claim location and before patent, to benefit or develop the claim and to protect it from relocation by third parties.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-858

asset: An economic resource, tangible or intangible, which is expected to provide benefits to a business.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2, DOE/EIA-0348/2

assistance for heating in winter: Assistance from the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). The purpose of LIHEAP is to assist eligible households to meet the costs of home energy, i.e., a source of heating or cooling residential buildings.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*

assistance for weatherization of residence: The household received services free, or at a reduced cost, from the Federal, State, or local Government. Any of the following services could have been received:
- Insulation in the attic, outside wall, or basement/crawlspace below the floor of the house

- Insulation around the hot water heater

- Repair of broken windows or doors to keep out the cold or hot weather
- Weather stripping or caulking around any windows or doors to the outside
- Storm doors or windows added
- Repair of broken furnace

- Furnace tuneup and/or modifications

- Other home energy-saving devices.
OPI EI-60

Sources DOE/EIA-0314, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*

associated company (affiliated): A company that is either directly or indirectly controlled by or owned by another firm or holding company.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0531

associated gas: Gas produced in a field containing both oil and gas. The field is developed primarily for extraction of crude oil.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0219

astm: The acronym for the American Society for Testing and Materials.
OPI EI-40,EI-60
Sources EIA-782A, EIA-782B, EIA-782C, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-821, EIA-863, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0535

atmospheric crude oil distillation: The refining process of separating crude oil components at atmospheric pressure by heating to temperatures of about 600 degrees to 750 degrees Fahrenheit (depending on the nature of the crude oil and desired products) and subsequent condensing of the fractions by cooling.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545*

attic exhaust fan: Removes hot air from the attic by an electric powered fan.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H

attic insulation: Insulating materials in the attic, placed either underneath the roof, on the roof, or on the floor of the attic. See Ceiling Insulation and Roof Insulation.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*

auger mine: A surface mine in which the coal bed is removed by means of a large diameter drill. Usually operated only when the overburden becomes too thick for economical strip mining.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-7A, DOE/EIA-0118*

authorization form: The one-page form signed by the respondent that gives permission to ask the energy supplier for information about the energy used in the housing unit and about participation in special programs such as audit, DSM, and energy assistance programs. The form contains the name of each energy supplier.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*

authorized cash distribution to municipality: The authorized cash distributions to the municipality from the earned surplus of the utility department.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-412

automatic set-back or clock thermostat: A thermostat that can be set to turn the heating/cooling system off and on at certain predetermined times.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314

automobile and truck classifications: Vehicle classifications for automobiles and light-duty trucks were obtained from the EPA mileage guide book. Almost every year there are small changes in the classifications, therefore the categories will change accordingly. The EPA mileage guide can be found at any new car dealership.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

automobile: Includes standard passenger car, two-seater car and station wagons; excludes passenger vans, cargo vans, motor homes, pickup trucks, and jeeps or similar vehicles. See Vehicles.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H

availability of natural gas in the neighborhood: Respondents are asked, "Is gas from underground pipes available in this neighborhood?" The meaning of "available" and "neighborhood" is left to individual interpretation by the respondents. The intent of this question is to determine whether a residence could be "readily" hooked up to a gas line.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2

available but not needed capability: Net capability of main generating units that are operable but not considered necessary to carry load and cannot be connected to load within 30 minutes.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2

average daily production: The ratio of the total production at a mining operation to the total number of production days worked at the operation.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0118

average delivered price: The weighted average of all contract-price commitments and market-price settlements in a delivery year.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0478

average household energy expenditures: A ratio estimate defined as the total household energy expenditures divided by the total number of households. See Ratio Estimate and Combined Household Energy Expenditures.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0464

average mine price: The ratio of the total value of the coal produced at the mine to the total production tonnage. (See f.o.b. mine price.)
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0118

average production per miner per day: The product of the average production per miner per hour at a mining operation and the average length of a production shift at the operation.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0118

average production per miner per hour: The ratio of the total production at a mining operation to the total direct labor hours worked at the operation.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0118

average revenue per kilowatthour: The average revenue per kilowatthour of electricity sold by sector (residential, commercial, industrial, or other) and geographic area (State, Census division, and national) is calculated by dividing the total monthly revenue by the corresponding total monthly sales for each sector and geographic area.
OPI EI-50

Sources DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2

average stream flow: The rate, usually expressed in cubic feet per second, at which water passes a given point in a stream over a set period of time.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0437(92)/1, DOE/EIA-0437(92)/2

average vehicle fuel consumption: A ratio estimate defined as total gallons of fuel consumed by all vehicles divided by: (1) the total number of vehicles (for average fuel consumption per vehicle) or (2) the total number of households (for average fuel consumption per household). See Ratio Estimate.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0464

average vehicle miles traveled: A ratio estimate defined as total miles traveled by all vehicles, divided by: (1) the total number of vehicles (for average miles traveled per vehicle) or (2) the total number of households (for average miles traveled per household). See Ratio Estimate and Vehicle Miles Traveled.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0464

average water conditions: The amount and distribution of precipitation within a drainage basin and the run-off conditions present as determined by reviewing the area water supply records over a long period of time.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0455

aviation gasoline (finished): All special grades of gasoline for use in aviation reciprocating engines, as given in ASTM Specification D910 and Military Specification MIL-G-5572. Excludes blending components that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline.
OPI EI-40,EI-60
Sources EIA-782A, EIA-782C, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0384, DOE/EIA-0487

aviation gasoline blending components: Naphthas that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, reformate, benzene, toluene, and xylene). Excludes oxygenates (alcohols, ethers), butane, and pentanes plus. Oxygenates are reported as other hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and oxygenates.
OPI EI-40,EI-60
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0376*

aviation gasoline: Special grades of gasoline for use in aviation reciprocating engines. Finished aviation gasoline excludes blending components (e.g., straight-run gasoline, alkylate, and reformate) that will be used for blending or compounding into finished aviation gasoline.
OPI EI-40,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0545

backup fuel: In a central heat pump system, the fuel used in the furnace that takes over the space heating when the outdoor temperature drops below that which is feasible to operate a heat pump. See Heat Pump.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0314

backup power: Electric energy supplied by a utility to replace power and energy lost during an unscheduled equipment outage.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0531

balancing item: Represents differences between the sum of the components of natural gas supply and the sum of the components of natural gas disposition. These differences may be due to quantities lost or to the effects of data reporting problems. Reporting problems include differences due to the net result of conversions of flow data metered at varying temperature and pressure bases and converted to a standard temperature and pressure base; the effect of variations in company accounting and billing practices; differences between billing cycle and calendar period time frames; and imbalances resulting from the merger of data reporting systems that vary in scope, format, definitions, and type of respondents.
OPI EI-40
Sources DOE/EIA-0130, DOE/EIA-0131, DOE/EIA-0538

ballast: See High-Efficiency Ballast.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318

baltic states: Consists of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
OPI EI-20
Sources

barrel +: One barrel of crude oil contains 42 gallons.
OPI EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0208*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0380, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0487, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0538*, DOE/EIA-0545*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*

barrel - (petroleum): A unit of volume equal to 42 U.S. gallons.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0035, DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0376, DOE/EIA-0384

barrel: A volumetric unit of measure for crude oil and petroleum products equivalent to 42 U.S. gallons. This measure is used in most statistical reports. Factors for converting petroleum coke, asphalt, still gas, and wax to barrels are given in the definitions of these products.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340

barrels per calendar day (1): The maximum number of barrels of input that can be processed during a 24-hour period after making allowances for the following limitations: the capability of downstream facilities to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery. No reduction is made when a planned distribution of intermediate streams through other than downstream facilities is part of a refinery's normal operation; the types and grades of inputs to be processed; the types and grades of products expected to be manufactured; the environmental constraints associated with refinery operations; the reduction of capacity for scheduled downtime such as routine inspection, mechanical problems, maintenance, repairs, and tunaround; and the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime such as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545

barrels per calendar day (2): Represents the maximum number of barrels of input to crude oil processing units that can be processed in an average 24-hour period after making allowances for downstream limitations, environmental constraints, types and grades of inputs, planned and unplanned downtime, and types and grades of products. The calculation should be based upon the daily capacities available throughout the year. For example, a 100 M barrel-per-day capacity refinery, which was shut down for 4 months, would be expressed as 67 M barrels.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28

barrels per calendar day (operable refinery capacity): The maximum number of barrels of input that can be processed during a 24-hour period after making allowances for the following limitations: the capability of downstream facilities to absorb the output of crude oil processing facilities of a given refinery (no reduction is made when a planned distribution of intermediate streams through other than downstream facilities is part of a refinery's normal operation); the types and grades of inputs to be processed; the types and grades of products to be processed; the types and grades of products to be manufactured; the environmental constraints associated with refinery operations; the reduction of capacity for scheduled downtime, such as routine inspection, mechanical problems, maintenance repairs, and turnaround; and the reduction of capacity for unscheduled downtime such as mechanical problems, repairs, and slowdowns.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0214, DOE/EIA-0384

barrels per stream day (operable refinery capacity): The maximum number of barrels of input that can be processed in an atmospheric distillation facility running at full capacity under optimal crude and product slate conditions with no allowance for downtime.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0214

barrels per stream day: The amount a unit can process running at full capacity under optimal crude oil and product slate conditions.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340, DOE/EIA-0545

base (cushion) gas: The volume of gas needed as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the withdrawal season. All native gas is included in the base gas volume.
OPI EI-40,EI-60
Sources EIA-191, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0384*

base bill: A charge calculated by taking the rate from the appropriate electric rate schedule and applying it to the level of consumption.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540, DOE/EIA-0348/2*

base load capacity: The generating equipment normally operated to serve loads on an around-the-clock basis.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2

base load plant: A plant, usually housing high-efficiency steam-
electric units, which is normally operated to take all or part of the minimum load of a system, and which consequently produces electricity at an essentially constant rate and runs continuously. These units are operated to maximize system mechanical and thermal efficiency and minimize system operating costs.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0348/2

base load: The minimum amount of electric power delivered or required over a given period of time at a steady rate.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0348/2

base period: The period of time for which data used as the base of an index number, or other ratio, have been collected. This period is frequently one of a year but it may be as short as one day or as long as the average of a group of years. The length of the base period is governed by the nature of the material under review, the purpose for which the index number (or ratio) is being compiled, and the desire to use a period as free as possible from abnormal influences in order to avoid bias.
OPI EI-70
Sources ISBN0-470-21349-3

base rate: A fixed-per-kilowatthour charge for electricity consumed that is independent of other charges and/or adjustments.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0531*, DOE/EIA-0540

baseboard heater: As a type of heating equipment, a system in which either electric resistance coils or finned tubes carrying steam or hot water are mounted behind shallow panels along baseboards. Baseboards rely on passive convection to distribute heated air in the space. Electric baseboards are an example of an "Individual Space Heater." (See Individual Space Heater.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318

basement: An enclosed space in which a person can walk upright under all or part of the building.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314

basic royalty: A guaranteed minimum amount of royalty income that a royalty owner is to receive under the terms of the lease agreement, regardless of the royalty owner's share of actual proceeds from the sale of production. A minimum royalty may or may not be recoverable out of future production.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28

bathroom: A full bathroom contains a sink with running water, a flush toilet, and a bathtub or shower. A half bathroom contains a toilet or bathtub or shower.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H

bbl: The abbreviation for barrel.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0348/2

bcf: The abbreviation for billion cubic feet.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0348/2

bedroom: Room intended for sleeping, even if not presently used for sleeping. Number of bedrooms are those that would be listed as descriptive of the apartment or house if it were on the market for sale or rent. A one-room efficiency or studio apartment has no bedrooms.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0314

benzene (C6.H&sub6.): An aromatic hydrocarbon present in small proportion in some crude oils and made commercially from petroleum by the catalytic reforming of naphthenes in petroleum naphtha. Also made from coal in the manufacture of coke. Used as a solvent in the manufacture of detergents, synthetic fibers, and petrochemicals and as a component of high-octane gasoline.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*, DOE/EIA-0545*

bi-fuel vehicle: A motor vehicle that operates on two different fuels, but not on a mixture of the fuels. Each fuel is stored in a separate tank.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

billing period: The time between meter readings. It does not refer to the time when the bill was sent or when the payment was to have been received. In some cases, the billing period is the same as the billing cycle that corresponds closely (within several days) to meter-reading dates. For fuel oil and LPG, the billing period is the number of days between fuel deliveries.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

biodiesel: Any liquid biofuel suitable as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. Biodiesel fuels are typically made from oils such as soybeans, rapeseed, or sunflowers, or from animal tallow. Biodiesel can also be made from hydrocarbons derived from agricultural products such as rice hulls.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

biofuels (1): Wood, waste, and alcohol fuels.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0384

biofuels (2): Liquid fuels and blending components produced from biomass feedstocks, primarily used for transportation.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-886

biomass gas: A medium Btu gas containing methane and carbon dioxide, resulting from the action of microorganisms on organic materials such as a landfill.
OPI EI-40
Sources DOE/EIA-0131

biomass: Organic nonfossil material of biological origin constituting a renewable energy source.
OPI EI-50,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552

bitumen: A naturally occurring viscous mixture, mainly of hydrocarbons heavier than pentane, that may contain sulphur compounds and that, in its natural occurring viscous state, is not recoverable at a commercial rate through a well.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0219

bituminous coal +: The most common coal. It is dense and black (often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material). Its moisture content usually is less than 20 percent. It is used for generating electricity, making coke, and space heating.
OPI EI-50,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0095*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0219*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*

bituminous coal: The most common coal. It is dense and black (often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material). Its moisture content is usually less than 20 percent. It is used for generating electricity, making coke, and space heating. Comprises five groups classified according to ASTM Specification D-388-9la, on a dry mineral-
matter-free mmf basis for fixed-carbon and volatile matter and a moist mmf basis for calorific value. Coals having 69 percent or more fixed carbon on the dry, mineral-matter-
free basis shall be classified according to fixed carbon, regardless of calorific (heating) value. High-volatile C bituminous coal is agglomerating, but other bituminous coals are commonly agglomerating. However, it is recognized that there may be nonagglomerating varieties in these groups of the bituminous class, and there are notable exceptions in the high-volatile C bituminous group. Coals with less than 69 percent fixed carbon, but with 14,000 or more Btu per pound, are classified as high-volatile A bituminous.

Fixed Volatile Calorific Carbon Matter Value Limits Limits Limits GE LT GT LT GE LE lv 78 86 14 22 - - mv 69 78 22 31 - - hvA - 69 31 - 14000 - hvB - - - - 13000 14000 hvC - - - - 10500 13000 lv = Low-volatile bituminous coal mv = Medium-
volatile bituminous coal hvA = High-volatile A bituminous coal hvB = High-volatile B bituminous coal hvC = high-volatile C bituminous coal GE = Greater than or equal to LT = Less than GT = Greater than LE = Less than or equal to
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0118, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0125*, DOE/EIA-0191*, DOE/EIA-0226*, DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0455*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*

black lung benefits: In the content of the coal operation statement of income, this term refers to all payments, including taxes, made by the company attributable to Black Lung.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28

black: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa.
OPI EI-70
Sources OMBDirective15

blast furnace gas: The waste combustible gas generated in a blast furnace when iron ore is being reduced with coke to metallic iron. It is commonly used as a fuel within steel works.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0512, DOE/EIA-0515, DOE/EIA-0552

blast furnace: A furnace in which solid fuel (coke) is burned with an air blast to smelt ore.
OPI EI-50,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*

blending components: See Motor or Aviation Gasoline Blending Components.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825

blending plant: A facility that has no refining capability but is either capable of producing finished motor gasoline through mechanical blending or blends oxygenates with motor gasoline.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340*

block rate schedule: An electric rate schedule with a provision for charging a different unit cost for various increasing blocks of demand or energy. Usually a reduced price is charged on succeeding blocks.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0540

block-rate structure: An electric rate schedule with a provision for charging a different unit cost for various increasing blocks of demand for energy. A reduced rate is charged on succeeding blocks.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

bls: Bureau of Labor Statistics within the U.S. Department of Labor.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0464

boiler fuel: An energy source to produce heat that is transferred to the boiler vessel in order to generate steam or hot water. Fossil fuel is the primary energy source used to produce heat for boilers.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0531

boiler: A device for generating steam for power, processing, or heating purposes; or hot water for heating purposes or hot water supply. Heat from an external combustion source is transmitted to a fluid contained within the tubes found in the boiler shell. This fluid is delivered to an end-use at a desired pressure, temperature, and quality.
OPI EI-50,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0348/1*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0348/2*

boiling-water reactor (bwr): A light-water reactor in which water, used as both coolant and moderator, is allowed to boil in the core. The resulting steam can be used directly to drive a turbine.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0436

bonded petroleum imports: Petroleum imported and entered into Customs bonded storage. These imports are not included in the import statistics until they are: (1) withdrawn from storage free of duty for use as fuel for vessels and aircraft engaged in international trade; or (2) withdrawn from storage with duty paid for domestic use.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, DOE/EIA-0109*, DOE/EIA-0340

bone coal: Coal with a high ash content; it is dull in appearance, hard, and compact.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0064

book value: The portion of the carrying value (other than the portion associated with tangible assets) prorated in each accounting period, for financial reporting purposes, to the extracted portion of an economic interest in a wasting natural resource. (See Depletion (1).)
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206

booked costs: Costs allocated or assigned to inter-
departmental or intracompany transactions, such as on-system or SNG production and company-owned gas used in gas operations and recorded in company books or records for accounting and/or regulatory purposes.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-176

borderline customer: A customer located in the service area of one utility, but supplied by a neighboring utility through an arrangement between the utilities.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0531

bottled gas, LPG, or propane: Any fuel gas supplied to a building in liquid form, such as liquefied petroleum gas, propane, or butane. It is usually delivered by tank truck and stored near the building in a tank or cylinder until used.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-871A/F

bottled gas: See Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0246*, DOE/EIA-0318*

bottom ash: Residue mainly from the coal burning process that falls to the bottom of the boiler for removal and disposal.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-767

bottom-hole contribution: A payment (either in cash or in acreage) that is required by agreement when a test well is drilled to a specified depth regardless of the outcome of the well and that is made in exchange for well and evaluation data. (See Dry-

Hole Contribution and Test Well Contribution).
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28

branded product: A refined petroleum product sold by a refiner with the understanding that the purchaser has the right to resell the product under a trademark, trade name, service mark, or other identifying symbol or names owned by such refiner.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-28, DOE/EIA-0206

break-even cutoff grade: The lowest grade of material that can be mined and processed considering all applicable costs, without incurring a loss or gaining a profit.
OPI EI-50
Sources EIA-858

breccia: A coarse-grained clastic rock, composed of angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or in a fine-grained matrix.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0478

breeder reactor: A reactor that both produces and consumes fissionable fuel, especially one that creates more fuel than it consumes. The new fissionable material is created by a process known as breeding, in which neutrons from fission are captured in fertile materials.
OPI EI-50
Sources DOE/EIA-0436

breeze: The fine screenings from crushed coke. Usually breeze will pass through a 1/2-inch or 3/4-inch screen opening. It is most often used as a fuel source in the process of agglomerating iron ore.
OPI EI-50,EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0121, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0552*

brick, stone, stucco, or other masonry: The outside surface material is brick, stone, stucco or other masonry. Masonry is a general term covering all construction using masonry units such as brick, concrete block, stone, tile, etc., that are set in mortar.
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-871A/F

british thermal unit (Btu): The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. (See Btu.)
OPI EI-40,EI-50, EI-60
Sources EIA-176, DOE/EIA-0035*, DOE/EIA-0064*, DOE/EIA-0095, DOE/EIA-0118*, DOE/EIA-0121*, DOE/EIA-0130*, DOE/EIA-0131*, DOE/EIA-0174, DOE/EIA-0191, DOE/EIA-0214*, DOE/EIA-0226, DOE/EIA-0318*, DOE/EIA-0321/1*, DOE/EIA-0321/2*, DOE/EIA-0348/1, DOE/EIA-0376*, DOE/EIA-0384*, DOE/EIA-0455, DOE/EIA-0464*, DOE/EIA-0512*, DOE/EIA-0515*, DOE/EIA-0531, DOE/EIA-0552*, DOE/EIA-0348/2

btu conversion factor: See Conversion Factor.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0464

btu conversion factors (1): The Btu conversion factors are as follows:

- -----------------------------------------------
------------------------
Btu Equivalent Unit

- -----------------------------------------------

------------------------

Electricity 3,412 Kilowatthour
Natural Gas 1,030 cubic foot
Distillate Fuel Oils
(Nos. 1,2, and 4) 138,690 gallon
Residual Fuel Oils (Nos. 5 and 6) 149,690 gallon
Kerosene 135,000 gallon
District heat (Steam and Hot Water) 1,000 pound

- -----------------------------------------------
------------------
Note: Btu of district hot water have been converted into equivalent pounds of steam using the conversion 1,000 Btu hot water = 1 pound steam. Sources Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review (June 1991), pp. 125-129 for electricity, natural gas, distillate, residual, and kerosene; and Methodological Issues In the Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (September 1983) pp. 173-175 for district steam.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0318

btu conversion factors: Btu conversion factors for site energy are as follows:

Electricity........ 3,412 Btu/kilowatthour
Natural Gas........ 1,031 Btu/cubic foot
Fuel Oil No.1...... 135,000 Btu/gallon
Kerosene........... 135,000 Btu/gallon
Fuel Oil No.2...... 138,690 Btu/gallon
LPG (Propane)...... 91,330 Btu/gallon

Wood..................... 20 million Btu/cord

Other conversion factors used in this report include: 1 therm = 100,000 Btu 1 barrel = 42 gallons

Because almost all LPG reported by the fuel suppliers was proprane, the LPG conversion factor is that for propane. See Wood Conversion to Btu, Site Energy, and Conversion Factor.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

btu per cubic foot: The total heating value, expressed in Btu, produced by the combustion, at constant pressure, of the amount of the gas that would occupy a volume of 1 cubic foot at a temperature of 60 degrees F if saturated with water vapor and under a pressure equivalent to that of 30 inches of mercury at 32 degrees F and under standard gravitational force (980.665 cm. per sec. squared) with air of the same temperature and pressure as the gas, when the products of combustion are cooled to the initial temperature of gas and air when the water formed by combustion is condensed to the liquid state. (Sometimes called gross heating value or total heating value.)
OPI EI-40
Sources FERC-2

btx: The acronym for the commercial petroleum aromatics--benzene, toluene, and xylene. See individual categories for definitions.
OPI EI-40
Sources EIA-816, EIA-817, EIA-819A, EIA-819M, EIA-820, EIA-825, EIA-800, EIA-801, EIA-802, EIA-803, EIA-804, EIA-807, EIA-810, EIA-811, EIA-812, EIA-813, EIA-814, DOE/EIA-0109, DOE/EIA-0340

budget plan: An agreement between the household and the utility company or fuel supplier that allows the household to pay the same amount for fuel for each month for a number of months.

OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2

building energy manager: A person whose chief day-to-day responsibility is the physical operation and maintenance of the building's heating and/or cooling equipment. (See Energy Management Practices.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

building shape: The shape of the building that mostly resembles the floorplan of the building. This is often referred to as the "footprint" of the building. For the CBECS Survey, the following shapes were asked: square, rectangle, rectangle or square with courtyard, right angle (L shape) and H, U, E, T, L and cross shapes.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

building shell (envelope) DSM program: A DSM program that promotes reduction of energy consumption through improvements to the building envelope. Includes installations of insulation, weatherstripping, caulking, window film, and window replacement. (See Building Shell (Envelope) and DSM Programs.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246

building shell (envelope): The thermal envelope of the building, that is, the roof, exterior walls, and bottom floors that enclose conditioned space through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the exterior.
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318

building shell conservation feature: A building feature designed to reduce energy loss or gain through the shell or envelope of the building. Data collected on the following specific building shell energy conservation features: roof, ceiling, or wall insulation; storm windows or double- or triple-paned glass (multiple glazing); tinted or reflective glass or shading films; exterior or interior shadings or awnings; and weather stripping or caulking. (See Roof or Ceiling Insulation, Wall Insulation, Reflective or Shading Glass or Film, Storm Windows or Triple-Paned Glass, Building Shell (Envelope), Exterior or Interior Shadings or Awnings, and Weather Stripping or Caulking.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318

building: A structure totally enclosed by walls extending from the foundation to the roof, containing more than 1000 square feet of floorspace, and intended for human occupancy. Structures that are included as a specific exception are parking garages not totally enclosed by walls and a roof, as well as structures erected on pillars to elevate the first fully enclosed level, but leaving the sides at ground level open. Excluded as nonbuildings are the following: structures (other than the exceptions just noted) that are not totally enclosed by walls and a roof (such as oil refineries, steel mills, and water towers); street lights, pumps, billboards, bridges, swimming pools, and construction sites, mobile homes and trailers, even if they house commercial activity; and oil storage tanks. (See Commercial Building and Nonresidential Building.)
OPI EI-60
Sources DOE/EIA-0246, DOE/EIA-0318

built-in electric units: An individual-resistance electric-heating unit that is permanently installed in the floors, walls, ceilings, or baseboards and is part of the electrical installation of the building. Electric-heating devices that are plugged into an electric socket or outlet are not considered built in. (See Heating Equipment.)
OPI EI-60
Sources EIA-457A/H, DOE/EIA-0321/1, DOE/EIA-0321/2